Appendix:Proto-Pama-Nyungan reconstructions
Proto-Pama-Nyungan reconstructions:[1]
Alpher (2004)
[edit]gloss | Proto-Pama-Nyungan |
---|---|
(ablative, elative) suffix or postposition | *nguru |
acacia (sp.) | *wirlu |
alive | *kunka |
all | *muku |
anger | *kuli |
ankle | *nuka |
another | *wiːya |
auntie | *mayi |
away | *yarra ~ *yirra |
back | *mutu/a |
beard | *ngarnka |
behind | *kurri |
belly (inside) | *walngka |
big | *purlka |
bird sp: frogmouth | *tawa ~ *tawu |
bite | *paca- ~ *paca- |
black | *ngulcu |
bone | *muku |
bottom | *mangka |
bream (sp.) | *lipa- |
breast | *ngamun |
by and by | *ngula |
cavity | *lumpu |
cheek | *walu |
child (to woman), sister’s child | *cuwa ~ *cuway |
clean | *taːrrkal |
cold | *mica |
cook in earth oven | *kaːmpa- |
cooked food | *mucya |
cousin | *maːri |
cry | *rungka- |
damage | *ruwa-/i- |
dig | *paːnga- |
dig | *paka- |
digging stick | *kana |
drink | *kuñcya- |
drink | *luka- |
dry | *lalka |
eat | *mungka- |
excrement | *kuna |
eye | *kuru |
fall | *kaːlka/i- |
fall | *wanti- ~ *wanta- |
fast | *kalmpa |
father’s sister | *piːmu |
fish | *kuya/u |
flame | *yalyu |
foot | *cama |
foot | *cina |
forehead | *ngulu |
green pygmy goose | *tiwa+ |
ground | *taːku |
hand | *mara |
having | *+mirri |
heart | *lulku |
here | *ñaka |
hip | *pirlu |
hit | *paca- (?) |
hold together | *karrpi- ~ *karrpa- |
I | *ngayu ~ *ngayi ~ *ngaya |
later | *ngaka |
laugh | *cangkar(V) |
lay (egg), give birth to (young) | *ngaːci- ~ *ngaːca- |
left hand | *caku |
lick | *pila- |
lick | *pina |
louse | *kulu/i |
moon | *kakara |
moon (full) | *pira |
mother | *ngama |
mother’s brother | *ngami(r)ni |
mother’s father | *ngaci |
mother’s mother | *kami |
mother’s older brother | *mukur |
mouth | *caː |
mouth | *caːwa/u |
mud | *curlpi |
nasal mucus | *ngu(ː)rrci |
neck | *manu |
nose | *kuːwu |
nose | *ngurru |
not | *kari |
one | *kuma |
pearlshell | *piːrra |
pierce | *ka(r)li- |
pigeon (sp.) | *laparr |
pull | *purra-/i- |
pus, matter | *ci(ː)ci |
put | *wanta- ~ *wanti- |
put | *wunpa/i- |
rat | *kalu |
rotten | *puka |
saltpan | *pacirri |
sand | *curtu |
sandfly | *lañirri |
scratch, scrape | *wiːrrngka- |
seagull | *cyarra |
see | *ña(ː)- |
shade | *malu |
shell, bivalve (sp.) | *wirti |
shin | *yangkara |
sickness | *wanci |
singe it | *wita- |
sister (older) | *yapa |
sit | *ñiːna- |
smell | *ñuːma- |
some | *wapu |
sore | *wiːthi |
speak | *wangka- (?) |
spear | *kalka |
spear | *laːma- ~ *raːma- ~ *taːma- |
spear | *ra- |
stand it up | *carra- |
stick | *ci(ː)rni |
sting | *raca- |
taboo | *ngalñca |
tail | *mulu |
take | *maː- |
termite mound | *tipa |
there | *pala |
thigh | *carra |
to wet (something) | *kiñca- |
together | *turnu |
tongue | *calañ |
tongue | *ngañcar |
tooth | *rirra ~ *lirra |
turn | *wirni- |
two | *kucyarra ~ *kucarra |
urine | *kañcyi |
urine | *kumpu |
vegetable food | *mayi |
water | *nguku ~ *nguki |
what | *miña |
what | *ngaːni |
where | *wañca |
who | *waːri ~ *waːra |
wife’s mother’s brother | *caːmi |
wind | *waːrlpa |
wing | *marra |
woman | *kapi+ |
woman | *yipi |
γost | *wangarr |
Pronouns
[edit]gloss | Proto-Pama-Nyungan |
---|---|
1 Sg Dir. Object | *ngañi, *ngaña |
1 Sg Oblique | *ngacu(+) |
1 Sg Oblique | *ngaca+ |
2 Sg | *ñuntu |
you SG OBL | *ñuna |
we EXnonSg | *ngana |
we INDU | *ngali |
you PL | *ñurra |
they DU | *pula |
they PL | *cana |
References
[edit]- ^ Alpher, Barry. 2004. Pama-Nyungan: Phonological Reconstruction and Status as a Phylo-Genetic Group. In Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (eds.), Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, 93-126, 387-574. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
See also
[edit]- Appendix:Proto-Arandic reconstructions
- Appendix:Proto-Thura-Yura reconstructions
- Appendix:Vocabulary lists of Indo-Pacific languages
Vocabulary lists of Indo-Pacific languages |
---|
Papuan |
p-Trans-New Guinea • p-Northern Adelbert • p-Sogeram • Bayono-Awbono • Paniai Lakes • Kolopom • Bulaka River • Pauwasi • p-South Bougainville • p-Lower Sepik • p-Watam-Awar-Gamay • p-Lakes Plain • p-North Halmahera • p-Timor-Alor-Pantar • p-Alor-Pantar • Tayap • Massep |
Australian |
North Australian (basic) • p-Nyulnyulan • p-Mirndi • p-Gunwinyguan • Limilngan • Umbugarla • Minkin • Tiwi • Malak-Malak • Pama-Nyungan • p-Pama-Nyungan • p-Arandic • p-Thura-Yura • p-Ngayarda |
Others |
p-Dravidian • Dravidian • Kusunda • Nihali • Kenaboi • p-Ongan |