Appendix:North Australian basic vocabulary
Below are basic vocabulary word lists of North Australian languages, primarily from Capell (1940,[1] 1942[2]).
Capell (1940, 1942)
[edit]Below are basic vocabulary word lists of North Australian languages from Capell (1940,[1] 1942[2]):
People and body parts
[edit]Family | Sprache | man | woman | head | eye | nose | mouth | tongue | stomach | bone | blood |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nyulnyulan | Baːd[1] | aːmba | ɔranj | nalm | nem | nimäl | niler | neaŋal | noŋ | gɛndj | welgar |
Nyulnyulan | Njulnjul[1] | waːmb | worinj | nalm | nem | nimäl | niler | neaŋal | noŋ | gɛndj | welgar |
Nyulnyulan | Jauor[1] | waːmba | djando | maru | bani | ? nimäl | djawa | djälän | ŋalu | gändji | gunbulu |
Nyulnyulan | Njigina[1] | waːmba | djando | maru | nimelgar | ŋunidjina | niler | djälän | nuŋu | gändji | gunbulu |
Nyulnyulan | Waːrwa[1] | waːmba | djando | ŋalma | nimelgar | ŋunidjina | niler | djälän | noŋ | gändji | gunbulu |
Worrorran | Ungarinyin[1] | aɽi, aɽu | wɔŋai, wulun | -alaŋgun | -ambul | -aiil | mindjäl | anbula | ŋujen, mandu | aːnɔr | guli |
Worrorran | Munumburu[1] | aɽi | wɔŋai | -alaŋgun | aiambul | njindjuru | mindjäl | mɔga | ŋuje | awur | guli |
Worrorran | Woljamidi[1] | aɽi | wulun | buŋguru | ambul | njindjuru | mɔga | almbɽa | mandu | ɔːnɔr | wundäbun |
Worrorran | Unggumi[1] | aɖi | wɔŋaiinja | -bama | jumbul | jininde | mindjäl | wanbulema | duduŋga | janaurge | guliːnga |
Worrorran | Worora[1] | idja | wɔŋaiinja | (ar)bri | ombula | (ad)biŋu | (ar)djamundu | anbula | (ar)gulum | inari | gulu |
Worrorran | Wunambal (1)[1] | ɛndjin | wɔŋai | waːra | wumbul | windji | mindjäl | anbulɛ | mɛːwur, mandu | bunar | ŋanda |
Worrorran | Wunambal (2)[1] | ɛndjin | wɔŋai | baːndi | wumbul | windji | mindjäl | anbulɛ | mɛːwur | bunar | guli |
Worrorran | Gambre[1] | bɛndjin | ŋaːli | baːndi | wumbul | windji | mindjäl | mindjäl | mala, ŋuju | awur | guli |
Worrorran | Baːgu[1] | bɛndjin | ŋaːli | baːndi | wumbul | windji | mɔga | mɔga | mala | bunar | guli |
Worrorran | Gwiːni[1] | bɛndjin | ŋaːli | baːndi | wumbul | windji | mɔga | mɔga | mala | bunar | guli |
Bunaban | Bunaba[1] | gujɽäma | wiːji | guŋgulu | mulu | wuɽa | djäläṉ | djälän | giniŋa | gudju | gili |
Bunaban | Gunian[1] | juwulu | maŋo | walu | mɔːlu | manili | daŋandi | djäläṉ | djulu | gudji | wari |
Jarrakan | Gidja[1] | djiːlin | ŋaːlil | guŋgulïn | muːlu | manil | ḏuwundïn | ḏalalan | djaːm | gwïdji | gjauəlïn |
Jarrakan | Guluwarin[1] | djiɣilin | ŋaːlil | dumun | mɔːla | njiganïn | ḏuwundïn | ḏalalan | daɽwun | daːlïn | gjauldji |
Jarrakan | Miriwun[1] | djawalaŋ | gawilaŋ | gaminduŋ | mɔːl | njumbur | ḏalala | ḏalala | galdjän | jaːriŋ | garŋan |
Jarrakan | Gadjerong[1] | djɔːmaŋ | gabilaŋ | guɽunjuŋ | moːl | njumbur | ḏabandaṉ | ḏalalaŋ | raːriːŋ | jaːriŋ | guŋulu |
Mirndi | Nungali[1] | diːimbul | njäŋaːruŋ | niimburu | mijaŋargin | nijuija | nijara | niaŋandjilin | meuŋug | guːdjin | guŋulu |
Mirndi | Jilngali[1] | djumbul | ŋaruŋ | guɽunjuŋ | djuwud | djuwija | djära | djalaṉ | buru | bunu, gujuwan | garŋan |
Mirndi | Djämindjung[1] | djumbul | malɛji | gulaga | djuwad | djuwija | djära | djalaṉ | magala | gujuwan | wurinjun |
Mirndi | Ngaliwuru[1] | djumbul | ŋaruŋ | djumburu | djuwud | djuwija | djära | djalan | magala | gujuwan | guŋulu |
Yangmanic | Wadaman[1] | jibiwan | baŋbun | ibam | imum | idunj | idjäga | djɛlin | nädjin | wuːnɛ | guräd |
Wadjiginy | Woːgaidj[1] | ŋanan | ŋoalaŋ | bödja | miba | widja | ŋaːg | ŋaːɖal | bɛnman | big | gavin |
Daly, Northern | Mulluk Mulluk[1] | jinja | aluwaɽa | bundu | numuru | jinin | aɽe | njändilg | mɛn | muɽid | dawud |
Daly, Southern | Nanggumiri[1] | meːbur | walmi | däbi | damɔi | dedji | dedir | daːŋ | dɛːgɛː | ami | budjän |
Daly, Western | Marithiel[1] | mäɽi | mogo | biji | miɽi | jɛn | ŋaɭ | ŋaɭ ḏiri-ḏiri | maři | amuwa | wogirin |
Laragia | Laragia[1] | bilöva | binjidba | maːluma | damaɽa | gwingwa | gwiabulgwa | gwiamilawa | med’lema | mujagwa | damadjila |
Marrku-Wurrugu | Mara[2] | gärijimar | girija | maraŋuɽu | maguɽ | djiɽi | ŋaːndal | djiːjil | gunjan | ŋajigad | ŋulidji |
Marrku-Wurrugu | Margu[2] | geiag | njunɔn | waɽi | daːɭa | ɣïːni | ŋaɽjad | ŋaɽjad | ɣiwud | aruwa | didjaːridj |
Tiwi | Ngalagan[2] | bigur | bolo‘bolo | miːra | ŋandjula | gudjeː | gudjaːla | djaːlŋ | guwar | ŋaɽaga | guraidj |
Tiwi | Anjula[2] | mininŋia | ananawaija | wulaia | miː | ŋuɽu | mulu | ŋaːndal | wadju | guɽuwuɽu | djinaŋulja |
Tiwi | Melville[1] | wawärini | imbalinja | duluwa | bidara | jirundamura | irubudara | imidala | wurara | bwɔda | madjibani |
Iwaidjan | Amarag[2] | awuɭaɭu | wuraidbaru | iwulja | waliwu | wiːl | wiiŋara | wiŋaril | aɖigu | igada | maniŋul |
Iwaidjan | Maung[1] | arargbi | waramuŋbig | wandji | won | mulu | ilagbiridj | ŋaɽalg | gɔːrag | ijaɣig | maniŋog |
Iwaidjan | Iwaidja[1] | waːrgbi | woraidjba | bagal | jaɽ | mul | ɽagbiridj | garalg | galal | gilir | maniŋul |
Giimbiyu | Mangeri[2] | wurilg | ŋeːn | wiliŋerm | iːm | jingolm | jagir | nindjadj | abeɽweɽe | ijerm | maneŋulm |
Giimbiyu | Uningangk[2] | wurig | ŋeːn | ulŋerb | iːm | ingolb | indjaːd | indjaːd | abeɽwe | mulgud | waija |
Gaagudju | Gagadu[2] | djereiŋi | djireːwan | ŋaːṙi | bɔːrɔ | geːni | djaːbul | ŋaːndjil | mabulu | benaːgăra | maneŋul |
Gaagudju | Gagadu[1] | ulandja | djereiwin | nari | bɔːro | geeimi | djäbul | naindjil | mabɔːɭio | bɛnɔgra | manuŋäl |
Maningrida | Gungorogone[2] | wari | gami | ŋɔrɔŋɔrɔ | mebele | goi | ŋaɽa | ŋaɽa | gɔdjaŋa | gadjäldi | gɔːlidja |
Maningrida | Gudjälavia[2] | angigälije | gamu | bama | miːbele | guje | ŋane | ŋaɭ | ŋaburba | ŋumama | maɳiŋan |
Maningrida | Gunaidbe[2] | angigälije | gamu | bama | miːbele | ŋoira | ŋane | ŋaɭ | ŋaburba | ŋumama | maɳiŋan |
Maningrida | Burera[2] | angigälije | gamu | bama | miːbele | ŋoira | ŋana | ŋaɭa | gɔidjila | munmama | maɳiŋan, mangaraba |
Maningrida | Nagara[2] | wunigalaia | nawaɽa | magar | guɽbara | lombara | ŋaɽa | ŋadabirbir | gunar | namoːma | nagumbala |
Maningrida | Gunavidji[1] | jiːdja | ŋaɽaːm | juwuŋga | diːli | maŋu | djäbara | djäŋɔl | djälema | ida | ganbiliːbala |
Maningrida | Bunaːra[1] | biːn, ŋanbe | djulumu | waːlu | mil | djirdji | lira | djälaṉ | munda | gidji | gindjil |
Mangarrayi-Maran | Mungarai[1] | malaṉ | gaɖugu | gaia | djib | miliŋ | djäɽäb | djawi | daɽa | dama | guranjin |
Mangarrayi-Maran | Alawa[2] | lilmi | girija | guɽuguɽu | gulur | gujumur | ŋaːndal | djeːjälŋ | gundjäl | galawa | ŋulidji |
Gunwinyguan | S. Gunwinggu[2] | binin | dalug | gungoidj | gunmiːm | gungəb | gundaŋ | gundjen | gunjam | gunmuruŋ | gungulba |
Gunwinyguan | Muralidban[2] | binin | ŋalwareːrulg | gungoidan | gunmiːm | gungəb | gundaŋ | gundjen | gunmelem | gunmuruŋ | gungulba |
Gunwinyguan | Andiljaugwa[2] | nanamamalja | wudáriŋga | ariŋga | meːnba | aminda | adira | aljäljigba | mulgwa | adidira | meːra |
Gunwinyguan | Nunggubuyu[2] | nawarinjuŋ | ŋaramaninjuŋ | jinag | bagaɭa | jɔmɔːr | ɽamadan | laːn | ŋuɖan | ŋagaɽa | wulaŋ |
Gunwinyguan | Wandarang[2] | nawaɽiji | ŋiwoibi | wugululu | mamaguɽ | wundjíriba | wuŋaːndal | wudjijil | wuŋandja | wuŋaɽaga | maŋulidji |
Gunwinyguan | Ngandi[2] | nijul | namanaŋ | gulaŋ | maŋandjula | gwijiban | gudagula | gudälŋ | mowara | guŋaɽaga | mabaɳgo |
Gunwinyguan | Rainbarngo[2] | biː | diŋ‘ | djara | gaindjulja | giːja | diːjälŋ | diːjälŋ | giːna | balmana | gulbana |
Gunwinyguan | Buan[2] | jawurin | giɖigiɖ | gɔidj | mïmï | djɛː | daːləː | dɛl | guː | mɔː | guraidj |
Gunwinyguan | Gundangbon[2] | biji | girigidj | gɔidj | mumu | djɛː | dalugaɽa‘ | djɛn | ŋu‘ | mɔː | gulba |
Gunwinyguan | Gunwinggu[1] | biniṉ | muli‘muliŋ | gungɔidj | gunmin | gungɛb | gundaŋ | gundjɛn | gunjan | gunmuruŋ | gungulba |
Gunwinyguan | Gunbaːlang[1] | giɖimarg | baramimbaṉ | gɔidjgɔidj | wumu | wumɛːli | djaːɖɛɽ | ŋaːg | mugmaɳɖi | gɛːgɛg | moɭobin |
Gunwinyguan | Ngaɖi[1] | ŋarga | gandar | waːlu | milba | mulju | lira | djälaṉ | djaːla | gidji | djugän |
Garrwan | Garama[1] | gadu | balŋun | bɛlbid | gamal | djimu | dädbi | djɛman | maːda | munu | gumuluŋ |
Garrwan | Waneiga[1] | jäba | ludju | gada | milba | mulju | lira | djälaṉ | miälu | gidji | djugän |
Tangkic | Laːdil[2] | jugadbaɖa | binŋin | lälga | gɔa | njulda | Lämin | djalda Lämin | |||
Tangkic | Neːmarang[2] | bidinaŋga | magudaŋga | nälda | miːbul | girga | wara | djärŋana | |||
Yolngu | Wan‘guri[2] | jọlŋọ | baɖami | muɽguɽ | maŋudji | ŋọrọ | ḏa | ŋaːnar | guru | maṙiṙin | gulaŋ |
Yolngu | Warameri[2] | jọlŋọ | baɖami | muɽguɽu | maŋudji | gamuru | djurwara | maḏa | gulun | ŋaɽaga | jilaŋ |
Yolngu | Galbu[2] | jọlŋọ | miälg | mulguɽ | miːl, maŋudji | ŋọrọ | ḏa | maḏa | gulun | ŋaɽaga | gulaŋ |
Yolngu | Riraidjango[2] | jọlŋọ | da‘iga | mulguɽ | miːl | ŋọrọ | ḏa | ŋaːnar | dulmọ | ŋaɽaga | gulaŋ |
Yolngu | Yanango[2] | jọlŋọ | miälg | daːmbu | maŋudji | gamuru | durwara | ŋaːnar | gulun | maṙiṙin | gulaŋ |
Yolngu | Golba[2] | jọlŋọ | miälg | daːmbu | miːl | mada | gulun | gulaŋ | |||
Yolngu | Gobabwingo[2] | jọlŋọ | miälg | lia | miːl | ŋọrọ | ḏa | maḏa | gulun | ŋaɽaga | maŋgo, gulaŋ |
Yolngu | Djambarbwingo[2] | jọlŋọ | miälg | lia | miːl | ŋọrọ | ḏa | maḏa | gulun | ŋaɽag | maŋgo, gulaŋ |
Yolngu | Dalwongo[2] | jọlŋọ | mareːbulu | mulguɽ | maŋudji | ŋọrọ | ḏa | ŋaːnar | dulmọ | ŋaɽaga | gulaŋ |
Yolngu | Ridarngo[2] | jọlŋọ | diŋ‘ | lia | miːl | ŋọrọ | ḏɛlŋ | maḏa | gulun | ŋaɽaga | gula |
Yolngu | Gomaidj[2] | jọlŋọ | daigaːwuru | lia | miːl | ŋọrọ | ḏa | ŋaːnar | gulun | ŋaɽaga | gulaŋ |
Yolngu | Manggalili[2] | jọlŋọ | daigaːwuru | lia | miːl | ŋọrọ | ḏa | ŋaːnar | gulun | ŋaɽaga | wuɽuŋgul |
Yolngu | Maṙaṙba[2] | jọlŋọ | miälg | mulguɽ | miːl | ŋọrọ | ḏa | maḏa | gulun | ŋaɽaga | gulaŋ |
Yolngu | Djinba[2] | julŋi | miälg | gungu | mili | ŋɔrɛ | ɽari | djäliŋan | gulun | ŋaɽaga | gulaŋ |
Yolngu | Yandjinang[2] | djäriwidji | miːlg | gɔɳgi | mïːl | ŋɔrɛ | ɽari | djɛlaŋ | budjiri | ŋiɽigɛ | bɔṙɛ |
Desert Nyungic | Njängumada[1] | marŋu | midawa | djudju | bani | milja | rira | djälin | ŋaːlu | ŋandi | gunbulu |
Desert Nyungic | Garadjeri[1] | marŋo | djando | guŋgulu | bani | milja | djawa | djälan | ŋaːlu | gunbulu | |
Desert Nyungic | Mangala[1] | djiːbi | malar | djida | mil | milja | rira | djalan | burma | gamari | gunbulu |
Desert Nyungic | Wolmeri[1] | biːn, ŋanbe | maːɳin | waːlu | mil | djirdji | gaɳɖalgudal | djulaṉ | ŋaːru | gudji | nuŋu |
Desert Nyungic | Jülbre[1] | waḏi | dudju | miläl | guɽu | mulja | jira | ŋalana | djuni | darga | jilgu |
Desert Nyungic | S. Djäru[1] | mawun | ŋaːriŋga | laŋga | milwa | djirdji | lira, djawi | djälaṉ | munda | gudji | gjaːwili |
Desert Nyungic | Malngin[1] | ŋumbin | djänga | waːlu | milo | djirdji | barara | djälaṉ | munda | gudji | guŋulu |
Desert Nyungic | Ngaɽinman[1] | ŋumbin | bagali | waːluŋ | mila | djirdji | lira | djälaṉ | munda | gudji | ŋurinjin |
Desert Nyungic | Mudbura[1] | ŋarga | giri | waːlu | mila | djirdji | baraːrg | djälaɳ | madjula | gujuwan | guŋulu |
Desert Nyungic | Gogodja[1] | bundu | dɔdju | ŋalja | guɽu | djirdji | lira | djälaṉ | munda | juŋguɽu | jälju |
Animals
[edit]Family | Sprache | kangaroo | opossum | emu | crow | fly (insect) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nyulnyulan | Baːd[1] | buru | läŋgur | inini | waŋgede | mogonj |
Nyulnyulan | Njulnjul[1] | bardjani, burug | läŋgur | winin | waŋged | mogonj |
Nyulnyulan | Jauor[1] | bardjanan | goiɛ | ganaŋandja | djawari | bɛːrambin |
Nyulnyulan | Njigina[1] | bardjani | läŋgur | ganaŋandja | waŋgaɳa | waɳmin |
Nyulnyulan | Waːrwa[1] | bardjani | guɳɖuman | ganaŋandja | waŋgide | waɳmin |
Worrorran | Ungarinyin[1] | iali | andäri, garimba | djebara | wa̱ŋgara | ŋanauɛra |
Worrorran | Munumburu[1] | iali | andäri | djebara | wa̱ŋgara | wurŋun |
Worrorran | Woljamidi[1] | iali | guman | djebara | maɖiwa | wurŋun |
Worrorran | Unggumi[1] | ware | gundumanja | djebarinja | wa̱ŋgaranja | wurŋare |
Worrorran | Worora[1] | aːrura | burgumba | djebarinja | wa̱ŋgaranja | ŋanauara |
Worrorran | Wunambal (1)[1] | amba | gaiɛmba, ganari | jiluluŋari | waːwanja | ŋanauara |
Worrorran | Wunambal (2)[1] | amba | burgumba, garimba | wiɛri | gaualjɛra | |
Worrorran | Gambre[1] | amba | wuraba, guman | wiɛri | waŋguɽa | ŋaːwan |
Worrorran | Baːgu[1] | amba | wudɔɖa | wiɛri | waŋguɽa | gaŋgu |
Worrorran | Gwiːni[1] | amba | guman | wiɛri | waŋguɽa | worŋa |
Bunaban | Bunaba[1] | wandjiri | läŋgur | ganaŋandja | waŋgaɳa | ŋirinji |
Bunaban | Gunian[1] | wandjiri | djämbidjin | waŋgide | ŋurinj | |
Jarrakan | Gidja[1] | djiːriṉ | laŋguṉ | wanjäbal | waŋgaɳa | buɳul |
Jarrakan | Guluwarin[1] | djiriṉ | naŋguṉ | madjugul | wɔŋgaral | wurŋäl |
Jarrakan | Miriwun[1] | djiːriŋ | guman | madjuguŋ | waŋgariŋ | ŋurin |
Jarrakan | Gadjerong[1] | djiːriŋ | guman | waŋgadiŋ | ŋurin | |
Mirndi | Nungali[1] | dijaŋara | djaŋana | gumurindji | duagirag | diridjburu |
Mirndi | Jilngali[1] | jaŋara | ŋurgudi | waŋguɽin | gunäma | |
Mirndi | Djämindjung[1] | jaŋara | djägulädji | waŋgina | nämbul | |
Mirndi | Ngaliwuru[1] | jaŋara | djägulädji | waŋgina | gunäma | |
Yangmanic | Wadaman[1] | gaŋman | balan | gumɛrindji | wagwag | galun |
Wadjiginy | Woːgaidj[1] | mudj | dadjädaid | wagwag | mul | |
Daly, Northern | Mulluk Mulluk[1] | djɛjud | wiju | waŋgir | ŋudjun | |
Daly, Southern | Nanggumiri[1] | djawugu | abundarmi | awaŋgi | ami | |
Daly, Western | Marithiel[1] | awɛdjiwuruŋ | abujiri | amuɽdjiːr | awag | awamir |
Laragia | Laragia[1] | mi’luːlula | gudgida | goaːgoaːva | gumulɛːlva | |
Marrku-Wurrugu | Mara[2] | girmọ | gudjaɳi | djiwiɖiwiɖi | waŋganaŋi | guɳɖil |
Marrku-Wurrugu | Margu[2] | wïːdjud | wiːɽiɽin | mangunuba | reimbiriri | mɔlg |
Tiwi | Ngalagan[2] | gọːin | dugula | ŋurundɔidj | waːɽŋwaːɽŋ | bɔd |
Tiwi | Anjula[2] | wunäla | biwali | djagudugudu | rawaŋga | ramijimiji |
Tiwi | Melville[1] | diraga | ŋunuŋa | wagwagini | ubɔni | |
Iwaidjan | Amarag[2] | malaijuwar | waŋguwu | ganguɽg | gubula | mulgulg |
Iwaidjan | Maung[1] | aijaŋ | wundäru | waramundubu | gɔragag | molg |
Iwaidjan | Iwaidja[1] | jilbuwi | muŋarg | gumbulag | moɭg | |
Giimbiyu | Mangeri[2] | oidjbaɣar | muŋaːd | wiwijüw | gagud | muɳimuɳi |
Giimbiyu | Uningangk[2] | wurulamb | malijarŋ | iwidjiw | gagud | maŋanaŋaɳ |
Gaagudju | Gagadu[2] | baːgu | mɔɳɔ | gabaṙɛːbi | mawaːga | ŋɔrmul |
Gaagudju | Gagadu[1] | bargo | murnu | |||
Maningrida | Gungorogone[2] | ganajala | waraːgun | buɽar | ŋaːridje | mɔːji |
Maningrida | Gudjälavia[2] | gandejala | waːragun | wagwag | jumuɖbi | |
Maningrida | Gunaidbe[2] | gandejala | waːragun | wagwag | jumuɖbi | |
Maningrida | Burera[2] | gonobolo | waːragun | wurbaɳ | ma'rälgara | mɔːja |
Maningrida | Nagara[2] | bälmänindja | gurbarabulgaga | wagwag | namɔːnj | |
Maningrida | Gunavidji[1] | gudjbara | malada | ŋainjauŋanj | manjimiːndja | |
Maningrida | Bunaːra[1] | wawiri | djaŋana | guɽaŋan | ŋurin | |
Mangarrayi-Maran | Mungarai[1] | garawi | widjwidj | wagwag | mɔːdj | |
Mangarrayi-Maran | Alawa[2] | girimbọ | gudjaɳi | djinaliri | waŋgunaji | wuɳɖil |
Gunwinyguan | S. Gunwinggu[2] | goɳobolo | djɛːbui | gurugaiju | waːg | bɔːd |
Gunwinyguan | Muralidban[2] | gundagi | duri | waːg | bɔːd | |
Gunwinyguan | Andiljaugwa[2] | juburáda | juguŋba | jiŋwa | juwama | |
Gunwinyguan | Nunggubuyu[2] | ŋargọ | jirgi | wajin | wɔːwag | amun |
Gunwinyguan | Wandarang[2] | mulbia | ajirgin | ŋiwurugan | waɽgwaɽg | awamun |
Gunwinyguan | Ngandi[2] | mulbia | aɖawa | awurban | awa‘wa | abɔd |
Gunwinyguan | Rainbarngo[2] | bulaidj-bulaidj | marŋo | wa‘wa‘ | buad | |
Gunwinyguan | Buan[2] | guiṉ | dugula | ŋuroɖo | wa‘wa‘ | mɔɽ |
Gunwinyguan | Gundangbon[2] | guiṉ | dugula | ŋuroɖo | wa‘wa‘ | bɔːd |
Gunwinyguan | Gunwinggu[1] | gɔɳɔbɔlɔ | djɛːbui | gurugaiju | waːg | bɔːd |
Gunwinyguan | Gunbaːlang[1] | goːin | gundärbu | maɳɖɛb | djidaːwun | mog |
Gunwinyguan | Ngaɖi[1] | djädji | djaŋana | djäŋilga | ŋurin | |
Garrwan | Garama[1] | ŋalmuŋgu | jaːɭ | waːg | moːl | |
Garrwan | Waneiga[1] | maɭu | djaŋana | djäŋilga | ŋurin | |
Tangkic | Laːdil[2] | gandjin | waːga | |||
Tangkic | Neːmarang[2] | magurag | djaɖag | |||
Yolngu | Wan‘guri[2] | wiːɖi | ɽubu | maluiːja | galgmanda | buad |
Yolngu | Warameri[2] | wiːɖi | marŋo | wurban | waːg | gädiŋälọ |
Yolngu | Galbu[2] | mundbia | marŋo | ’maluja | gälgäriŋọ | wurubul |
Yolngu | Riraidjango[2] | mulbia | marŋo | maluiːja | waːg | buad |
Yolngu | Yanango[2] | wiːɖi | marŋo | baɖaːwuma | galgmanda | buad |
Yolngu | Golba[2] | marŋo | ||||
Yolngu | Gobabwingo[2] | wiːɖi | marŋo | wurban | waːg | wurulul |
Yolngu | Djambarbwingo[2] | wiːɖi | marŋo | wurban | waːg | wurulul |
Yolngu | Dalwongo[2] | ganguɽul | ɽubu | wurban | waːg | gädiŋäli |
Yolngu | Ridarngo[2] | ŋarggọ | marŋo | waːgia | buad | |
Yolngu | Gomaidj[2] | mulbia | marŋo | wurban | waːg | gädiŋälọ |
Yolngu | Manggalili[2] | mulbia | ɽubu | wurban | waːg | gädiŋäli |
Yolngu | Maṙaṙba[2] | mulbia | marŋo | wurban | waːg | wurulul |
Yolngu | Djinba[2] | ŋarggọ | märŋo | waːgia | bolgi | |
Yolngu | Yandjinang[2] | ŋargọ | marŋo | wurban | waːgire | muruläl |
Desert Nyungic | Njängumada[1] | bardjanin | laŋgur | galaju | djawari | wɔdei |
Desert Nyungic | Garadjeri[1] | bardjanin | laŋgur | bidjaɖa | djawari | wanmin |
Desert Nyungic | Mangala[1] | wandjiri | laŋgur | ganaŋandja | waŋgede | wanmin |
Desert Nyungic | Wolmeri[1] | wandjiri | djämbidjin | ganaŋandja | waŋgan | bunmuɽ |
Desert Nyungic | Jülbre[1] | madjiri | djägilgäda | ŋurin | ||
Desert Nyungic | S. Djäru[1] | djädji | ŋungudi | wanjaru | wangura | ŋurin, muru |
Desert Nyungic | Malngin[1] | djiːa | ŋurgudi | wanjaru | wagwag | ŋurin |
Desert Nyungic | Ngaɽinman[1] | djiːa | djaŋana | ibaradu | wagwag | ŋurin, gunama |
Desert Nyungic | Mudbura[1] | djiːa | ŋurgudi | ŋäɽin | waŋgurinja | gunuŋa |
Desert Nyungic | Gogodja[1] | maɭu | mala | ganga | mɔŋu |
Nature
[edit]Family | Sprache | sun | moon | fire | smoke | water |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nyulnyulan | Baːd[1] | alg | gunjul | djuŋgu | gungud | wol, uŋgur |
Nyulnyulan | Njulnjul[1] | waːlg | gunjul | djuŋgu | gungud | wol, wuŋgur |
Nyulnyulan | Jauor[1] | waːlga | giliban | djuŋgu | ŋuɽun | wula |
Nyulnyulan | Njigina[1] | baɽa | gilinman, giridin | djuŋgu | duwi | wela |
Nyulnyulan | Waːrwa[1] | waːlga | giliman, giridin | djuŋgu | duwi | wela |
Worrorran | Ungarinyin[1] | maɽaŋi | gunjili, gaɳgi | windjäŋun | bindjän | ŋabun |
Worrorran | Munumburu[1] | meɽiŋun | gaɳgi | windjäŋu | ŋundjur | ŋawa |
Worrorran | Woljamidi[1] | maːri | gaːgiri | wurgala | ŋundjur | jaːwal |
Worrorran | Unggumi[1] | wandinja | ginjila | wianga | bindjäŋga | jaŋga |
Worrorran | Worora[1] | maraŋanja | gunjila | wianu | bidjugu | agu |
Worrorran | Wunambal (1)[1] | maɽaŋo | goɽa, gaɳgi | windjäŋum | bindjän | jaːwal |
Worrorran | Wunambal (2)[1] | maɽaŋi | gunjili | buː | bindjägun | jaːwal |
Worrorran | Gambre[1] | maɽaŋo | girŋal | windjäŋun | ŋundjur | ŋawa, jaːwal |
Worrorran | Baːgu[1] | mɔɽɔŋ | wamara | buː | ŋundjur | ŋawa |
Worrorran | Gwiːni[1] | mɔɽɔŋ | gagari | wunar | ŋundjur | ŋawa |
Bunaban | Bunaba[1] | gawara | gilimana | windäli | bindja | gaɽwa |
Bunaban | Gunian[1] | miri | djaːlin | weandi | wangi | gaːmba |
Jarrakan | Gidja[1] | baːndil | gaɳgiṉ | maɳiṉ | wangiṉ | guːɭiṉ |
Jarrakan | Guluwarin[1] | baːndil | gaɳgiṉ | gidjauəlïn | dulubgari | goːliṉ |
Jarrakan | Miriwun[1] | gaŋiriṉ | gangiŋ | gadjaːwilaŋ | ḏuŋgi | gäluŋ |
Jarrakan | Gadjerong[1] | baːndiṉ | gaɳgiŋ | maːnuŋ | ḏuŋgiṉ | gaːbuŋ |
Mirndi | Nungali[1] | njailän | dabaraŋaɽa | nujug | niulaṉ | gogo |
Mirndi | Jilngali[1] | wulŋan | baraŋan | gujug | djuwulaṉ | gogo |
Mirndi | Djämindjung[1] | wulŋan | djägilin | gujug | djuwulaṉ | gogo |
Mirndi | Ngaliwuru[1] | waŋgu | baɽaŋan | gujug | djuːlaṉ | gogo |
Yangmanic | Wadaman[1] | ŋurun | gandawag | wudja | lujuŋgin | wian |
Wadjiginy | Woːgaidj[1] | qeig | qaɽa | vin | wingar | wiːg |
Daly, Northern | Mulluk Mulluk[1] | miɽi | jɛl | djiäŋ | wɛn | waːg |
Daly, Southern | Nanggumiri[1] | miːri | diwin | jäŋgi | jäŋgi dawan | guɽu |
Daly, Western | Marithiel[1] | bandi | biŋgal | djändji | djämu | wodi |
Laragia | Laragia[1] | dalira | duːrjawa | gujuguwa | damudjila | gaːɽuwa |
Marrku-Wurrugu | Mara[2] | gunaru | waɖaŋari | waɖgar | guŋoŋo | ŋọgọ |
Marrku-Wurrugu | Margu[2] | muɽi | rana | djuːɳa | ŋoɭan | wobaidj |
Tiwi | Ngalagan[2] | ŋuwadji | gurŋa | guŋwɛ | guguwalbɛŋɛ | gu'wɛ |
Tiwi | Anjula[2] | ragamba | ŋagala | bújuga | wulŋara | wajuru |
Tiwi | Melville[1] | bugwi, imuŋa | dabara | jugɔni | gumuribini | guguni |
Iwaidjan | Amarag[2] | mänjidj | gurana | gudjäli | guŋaṉ | aɖawud |
Iwaidjan | Maung[1] | mowan | gorana | juŋgu | wuŋain | wobaidj |
Iwaidjan | Iwaidja[1] | muwar | guɽana | gudjäli | guŋain | wobaidj |
Giimbiyu | Mangeri[2] | muɣaːliŋ | järagäl | wiɽumgarm | wuŋɛŋg | ogog |
Giimbiyu | Uningangk[2] | indjuwawi | järagäl | widjälim | wuŋɛŋg | ogog |
Gaagudju | Gagadu[2] | gobolbara | maɖba | gudjäli | uŋari | gaṙu |
Gaagudju | Gagadu[1] | gobolba | malba | gudjäli | garu | |
Maningrida | Gungorogone[2] | djinmurga | ŋɔlgɔwar | gunŋudja | ginɛlɛ | gunmɛnaŋ |
Maningrida | Gudjälavia[2] | maɳŋa | ŋandjireɖa | bɔːl | djolŋo | djidjurog |
Maningrida | Gunaidbe[2] | maɳŋa | ŋandjireɖa | bɔːl | djolŋo | bugulo |
Maningrida | Burera[2] | maɳŋa | ɽangu | bɔːl | djolŋo | bugulo |
Maningrida | Nagara[2] | nabɛn | wunuŋurabildbilaga | nadjɔːga | nawuːra | goga |
Maningrida | Gunavidji[1] | warwara | digilgara | juwija | gɔlɔŋandjara | gaːba |
Maningrida | Bunaːra[1] | djiːla | jälŋan | waɭu | ŋandjur | ŋaba |
Mangarrayi-Maran | Mungarai[1] | ganjwar | giidj | damaia | gunburau | ŋogo |
Mangarrayi-Maran | Alawa[2] | marawaɭbaɭ | aɖaŋari | wubu | guŋuŋu | ŋọgọ |
Gunwinyguan | S. Gunwinggu[2] | gunduŋ | diːɖ | gunag | gundɔlŋ | gogo |
Gunwinyguan | Muralidban[2] | ŋalbɛnbe | diːɖ | gunag | gundɔlŋ | gunɽɔːṉ |
Gunwinyguan | Andiljaugwa[2] | mamaːwura | jimaːwura | aŋuɽa | aŋwara | aguŋwa |
Gunwinyguan | Nunggubuyu[2] | aɭir | labama | ŋuɽa | wuŋuban | agogo |
Gunwinyguan | Wandarang[2] | ŋinguŋaru | nadaŋadaŋa | wuŋambur | wundular | wuŋaladja |
Gunwinyguan | Ngandi[2] | mawaɭir | nigurŋa | gudaŋi | gubán | gujärg |
Gunwinyguan | Rainbarngo[2] | muda | gurŋa | ŋuɽa | dɔːɭŋ | djula |
Gunwinyguan | Buan[2] | walir | diɖ | mimäl | dɔlgnɔ | waː |
Gunwinyguan | Gundangbon[2] | bɛbagar | gurŋa | mimäl | djunör | waː |
Gunwinyguan | Gunwinggu[1] | gunduŋ | diːd | gunɽag | gundɔlŋ | gunɽɔin |
Gunwinyguan | Gunbaːlang[1] | gaːnag | wurana | wiɖidj | wungawu | njunjug |
Gunwinyguan | Ngaɖi[1] | bɽaŋu | jagan | waɭu | gundjuru | ŋaba |
Garrwan | Garama[1] | ŋuŋa | mɛrg | ḏuŋgu | wanag | goɽa |
Garrwan | Waneiga[1] | wanda | girindji | waɽu | gundjuru | gabi |
Tangkic | Laːdil[2] | warga | giɖigiɽ | njuda | ḏuŋal | ŋoga |
Tangkic | Neːmarang[2] | wargu | waldar | ŋida | wadu | ŋogo |
Yolngu | Wan‘guri[2] | walọ | wa̱lmura | ŋurdja | ŋawurŋawur | ŋargula |
Yolngu | Warameri[2] | walọ | boːla | ŋurdja | ḏiliwur | gaɽmag |
Yolngu | Galbu[2] | walọ | ŋaɭindi | ḏäŋuḏa | ŋäräli | magadi |
Yolngu | Riraidjango[2] | walọ | wa̱lmura | ḏäŋuḏa | ŋäräli | gabu |
Yolngu | Yanango[2] | bïːn | walmura | bwiːmar | ḏiliwur | gabu |
Yolngu | Golba[2] | walọ | wa̱lmura | guɽda̱ | gabu | |
Yolngu | Gobabwingo[2] | walọ | ŋaɭindi | guɽḏa | ḏiliwur | gabu |
Yolngu | Djambarbwingo[2] | walọ | ŋaɭindi | guɽḏa | ḏiliwur | gabu |
Yolngu | Dalwongo[2] | larŋgai | ŋaɭindi | ḏäŋuḏa | ŋäräli | gudjärg |
Yolngu | Ridarngo[2] | walir | ŋaɭindi, gulgia | guɽḏa | baːn | gabu |
Yolngu | Gomaidj[2] | walọ | ŋaɭindi | goɽḏa | ḏiliwur | gabu |
Yolngu | Manggalili[2] | walọ | wirmu | ’bujuga | diliwur | gudjäɽg |
Yolngu | Maṙaṙba[2] | walọ | naɭindi | ŋuɽa | ŋäräli | gabu |
Yolngu | Djinba[2] | djäɽbiɽ | galgi | djoŋgɛ | mälggɛ | gabi |
Yolngu | Yandjinang[2] | walir | ɽangu | djoŋgɛ | ŋaɽimbi | gabe |
Desert Nyungic | Njängumada[1] | djandja | ɖaɖaɖa | wiga | baɳɖi | ŋaba |
Desert Nyungic | Garadjeri[1] | baːra | ɖaɖaɖa | djuŋgu | ŋuɽun | ŋaba |
Desert Nyungic | Mangala[1] | baːra | gilinman | waɭu | ŋundjir | ŋaba |
Desert Nyungic | Wolmeri[1] | bɽaŋu | gilinman | waɭu | duwi | ŋaba |
Desert Nyungic | Jülbre[1] | banal | rogaŋga | waɽu | ŋundjur | galju |
Desert Nyungic | S. Djäru[1] | walur | järŋan | djawu | ŋundjur | ŋaba |
Desert Nyungic | Malngin[1] | gaŋirin | djälaːɳ | djawi | djuŋgaɖ | ŋaːwa |
Desert Nyungic | Ngaɽinman[1] | wulŋan | djägilin | djawi | djuŋgaɖ | ŋaːwa |
Desert Nyungic | Mudbura[1] | waŋgu | baɖaŋara | djawi, waɭu | djuŋgaidj | ŋogo |
Desert Nyungic | Gogodja[1] | ŋeːlir | girindji | waɽu | djänjuŋu | gabi, jura |
Combined
[edit]Below are basic vocabulary lists for all Australian language families, combined from Capell (1940, 1942) and other sources.
Languages
[edit]Languages not from Capell (1940, 1942) are:
- p-Pama-Nyungan - Alpher (2004)[3]
- Minkin - Evans (1990)[4]
- p-Gunwinyguan - Harvey (2003)[5]
- Umbugarla - Davies (1989)[6]
- Limilngan - Harvey (2001)[7]
- Kamor - Tryon (1968)[8]
- Matngala - Tryon (1968)
- p-Nyulnyulan - Stokes & McGregor (2003)[9]
Body parts
[edit]Family | Sprache | Source | head | eye | nose | mouth | tongue | stomach | bone | blood |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pama-Nyungan | *Pama-Nyungan | Alpher (2004) | *kuru | *kuːwu, *ngurru | *caː | *calañ, *ngañcar | *walngka | *muku | ||
Tangkic | Laːdil | Capell (1942) | lälga | gɔa | njulda | Lämin | djalda Lämin | |||
Tangkic | Neːmarang | Capell (1942) | nälda | miːbul | girga | wara | djärŋana | |||
Tangkic? | Minkin | Evans (1990) | wiʈa | mitʸELa | kiwiRa | paRka | THalŋa ~ THanŋa | paʈaka; puLtʸi | TimERa (ʈimiřa) | takana |
Garrwan | Garama | Capell (1940) | bɛlbid | gamal | djimu | dädbi | djɛman | maːda | munu | gumuluŋ |
Garrwan | Waneiga | Capell (1940) | gada | milba | mulju | lira | djälaṉ | miälu | gidji | djugän |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Mangarrayi-Maran | Mungarai | Capell (1940) | gaia | djib | miliŋ | djäɽäb | djawi | daɽa | dama | guranjin |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Mangarrayi-Maran | Alawa | Capell (1942) | guɽuguɽu | gulur | gujumur | ŋaːndal | djeːjälŋ | gundjäl | galawa | ŋulidji |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Gunwinyguan | *Gunwinyguan | Harvey (2003) | *koc; *-pam | *koq; *-Tum | *ce | *-ngal/rrk; *-thala | *-cen; *thelng | *Tor | *-mo | *kurrac; *kurlpa |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Maningrida | Gungorogone | Capell (1942) | ŋɔrɔŋɔrɔ | mebele | goi | ŋaɽa | ŋaɽa | gɔdjaŋa | gadjäldi | gɔːlidja |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Maningrida | Gudjälavia | Capell (1942) | bama | miːbele | guje | ŋane | ŋaɭ | ŋaburba | ŋumama | maɳiŋan |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Maningrida | Nagara | Capell (1942) | magar | guɽbara | lombara | ŋaɽa | ŋadabirbir | gunar | namoːma | nagumbala |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Maningrida | Gunavidji | Capell (1940) | juwuŋga | diːli | maŋu | djäbara | djäŋɔl | djälema | ida | ganbiliːbala |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Maningrida | Bunaːra | Capell (1940) | waːlu | mil | djirdji | lira | djälaṉ | munda | gidji | gindjil |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Gaagudju | Gagadu | Capell (1942) | ŋaːṙi | bɔːrɔ | geːni | djaːbul | ŋaːndjil | mabulu | benaːgăra | maneŋul |
Marrku-Wurrugu | Mara | Capell (1942) | maraŋuɽu | maguɽ | djiɽi | ŋaːndal | djiːjil | gunjan | ŋajigad | ŋulidji |
Marrku-Wurrugu | Margu | Capell (1942) | waɽi | daːɭa | ɣïːni | ŋaɽjad | ŋaɽjad | ɣiwud | aruwa | didjaːridj |
Giimbiyu | Mangeri | Capell (1942) | wiliŋerm | iːm | jingolm | jagir | nindjadj | abeɽweɽe | ijerm | maneŋulm |
Giimbiyu | Uningangk | Capell (1942) | ulŋerb | iːm | ingolb | indjaːd | indjaːd | abeɽwe | mulgud | waija |
Iwaidjan | Amarag | Capell (1942) | iwulja | waliwu | wiːl | wiiŋara | wiŋaril | aɖigu | igada | maniŋul |
Iwaidjan | Maung | Capell (1940) | wandji | won | mulu | ilagbiridj | ŋaɽalg | gɔːrag | ijaɣig | maniŋog |
Iwaidjan | Iwaidja | Capell (1940) | bagal | jaɽ | mul | ɽagbiridj | garalg | galal | gilir | maniŋul |
Darwin Region | Umbugarla | Davies (1989) | gumbungur | malurr | djəmilig | awardang | abulu | bulumba | garwadj | |
Darwin Region | Limilngan | Harvey (2001) | lulikbi | -milk | -inan | -uykgal | ijalk | marnitjjingi | -ambirriwirlurl | makbangi |
Darwin Region | Laragia | Capell (1940) | maːluma | damaɽa | gwingwa | gwiabulgwa | gwiamilawa | med’lema | mujagwa | damadjila |
Tiwi | Ngalagan | Capell (1942) | miːra | ŋandjula | gudjeː | gudjaːla | djaːlŋ | guwar | ŋaɽaga | guraidj |
Tiwi | Anjula | Capell (1942) | wulaia | miː | ŋuɽu | mulu | ŋaːndal | wadju | guɽuwuɽu | djinaŋulja |
Tiwi | Melville | Capell (1940) | duluwa | bidara | jirundamura | irubudara | imidala | wurara | bwɔda | madjibani |
Yangmanic | Wadaman | Capell (1940) | ibam | imum | idunj | idjäga | djɛlin | nädjin | wuːnɛ | guräd |
Daly, Eastern | Kamor | Tryon (1968) | puǰæ | miyam | činin | ŋaltïretïre | mæn | pæč | čœrŋuɲ | |
Daly, Eastern | Matngala | Tryon (1968) | puǰa | dun | činin | ŋænæR | pak | pæč | čœruŋœɲ | |
Daly, Southern | Nanggumiri | Capell (1940) | däbi | damɔi | dedji | dedir | daːŋ | dɛːgɛː | ami | budjän |
Daly, Northern | Mulluk Mulluk | Capell (1940) | bundu | numuru | jinin | aɽe | njändilg | mɛn | muɽid | dawud |
Daly, Wadjiginy | Woːgaidj | Capell (1940) | bödja | miba | widja | ŋaːg | ŋaːɖal | bɛnman | big | gavin |
Daly, Western | Marithiel | Capell (1940) | biji | miɽi | jɛn | ŋaɭ | ŋaɭ ḏiri-ḏiri | maři | amuwa | wogirin |
Mirndi | Ngaliwuru | Capell (1940) | djumburu | djuwud | djuwija | djära | djalan | magala | gujuwan | guŋulu |
Mirndi | Nungali | Capell (1940) | niimburu | mijaŋargin | nijuija | nijara | niaŋandjilin | meuŋug | guːdjin | guŋulu |
Jarrakan | Gidja | Capell (1940) | guŋgulïn | muːlu | manil | ḏuwundïn | ḏalalan | djaːm | gwïdji | gjauəlïn |
Jarrakan | Miriwun | Capell (1940) | gaminduŋ | mɔːl | njumbur | ḏalala | ḏalala | galdjän | jaːriŋ | garŋan |
Bunaban | Bunaba | Capell (1940) | guŋgulu | mulu | wuɽa | djäläṉ | djälän | giniŋa | gudju | gili |
Bunaban | Gunian | Capell (1940) | walu | mɔːlu | manili | daŋandi | djäläṉ | djulu | gudji | wari |
Worrorran | Woljamidi | Capell (1940) | buŋguru | ambul | njindjuru | mɔga | almbɽa | mandu | ɔːnɔr | wundäbun |
Worrorran | Unggumi | Capell (1940) | -bama | jumbul | jininde | mindjäl | wanbulema | duduŋga | janaurge | guliːnga |
Worrorran | Worora | Capell (1940) | (ar)bri | ombula | (ad)biŋu | (ar)djamundu | anbula | (ar)gulum | inari | gulu |
Worrorran | Baːgu | Capell (1940) | baːndi | wumbul | windji | mɔga | mɔga | mala | bunar | guli |
Nyulnyulan | *Nyulnyulan | Stokes & McGregor (2003) | *-alma | *-miny | *-mal(ul) | *-lirr | *-yangala | *-ngu | *kaanyji | *kunbulu, *kururr |
Others
[edit]Family | Sprache | Source | water | sun | moon | fire | smoke | man | woman |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pama-Nyungan | *Pama-Nyungan | Alpher (2004) | *nguku ~ *nguki | *kakara | *kapi-; *yipi | ||||
Tangkic | Laːdil | Capell (1942) | ŋoga | warga | giɖigiɽ | njuda | ḏuŋal | jugadbaɖa | binŋin |
Tangkic | Neːmarang | Capell (1942) | ŋogo | wargu | waldar | ŋida | wadu | bidinaŋga | magudaŋga |
Tangkic? | Minkin | Evans (1990) | wat̪a | tʸiRiŋaŋa | palaŋatʸi | wiLa | Tumpuɳa; kuya-kuya | ŋaRka (ŋařka) | maku |
Garrwan | Garama | Capell (1940) | goɽa | ŋuŋa | mɛrg | ḏuŋgu | wanag | gadu | balŋun |
Garrwan | Waneiga | Capell (1940) | gabi | wanda | girindji | waɽu | gundjuru | jäba | ludju |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Mangarrayi-Maran | Mungarai | Capell (1940) | ŋogo | ganjwar | giidj | damaia | gunburau | malaṉ | gaɖugu |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Mangarrayi-Maran | Alawa | Capell (1942) | ŋọgọ | marawaɭbaɭ | aɖaŋari | wubu | guŋuŋu | lilmi | girija |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Gunwinyguan | *Gunwinyguan | Harvey (2003) | *kolk-; *wak | *mutta | *kurrnga | *wurrk 'bushfire' | *wal | *rangem | *thingq |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Maningrida | Gungorogone | Capell (1942) | gunmɛnaŋ | djinmurga | ŋɔlgɔwar | gunŋudja | ginɛlɛ | wari | gami |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Maningrida | Gudjälavia | Capell (1942) | djidjurog | maɳŋa | ŋandjireɖa | bɔːl | djolŋo | angigälije | gamu |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Maningrida | Nagara | Capell (1942) | goga | nabɛn | wunuŋurabildbilaga | nadjɔːga | nawuːra | wunigalaia | nawaɽa |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Maningrida | Gunavidji | Capell (1940) | gaːba | warwara | digilgara | juwija | gɔlɔŋandjara | jiːdja | ŋaɽaːm |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Maningrida | Bunaːra | Capell (1940) | ŋaba | djiːla | jälŋan | waɭu | ŋandjur | biːn, ŋanbe | djulumu |
Macro-Gunwinyguan, Gaagudju | Gagadu | Capell (1942) | gaṙu | gobolbara | maɖba | gudjäli | uŋari | djereiŋi | djireːwan |
Marrku-Wurrugu | Mara | Capell (1942) | ŋọgọ | gunaru | waɖaŋari | waɖgar | guŋoŋo | gärijimar | girija |
Marrku-Wurrugu | Margu | Capell (1942) | wobaidj | muɽi | rana | djuːɳa | ŋoɭan | geiag | njunɔn |
Giimbiyu | Mangeri | Capell (1942) | ogog | muɣaːliŋ | järagäl | wiɽumgarm | wuŋɛŋg | wurilg | ŋeːn |
Giimbiyu | Uningangk | Capell (1942) | ogog | indjuwawi | järagäl | widjälim | wuŋɛŋg | wurig | ŋeːn |
Iwaidjan | Amarag | Capell (1942) | aɖawud | mänjidj | gurana | gudjäli | guŋaṉ | awuɭaɭu | wuraidbaru |
Iwaidjan | Maung | Capell (1940) | wobaidj | mowan | gorana | juŋgu | wuŋain | arargbi | waramuŋbig |
Iwaidjan | Iwaidja | Capell (1940) | wobaidj | muwar | guɽana | gudjäli | guŋain | waːrgbi | woraidjba |
Darwin Region | Umbugarla | Davies (1989) | garda | gimbara | giling | ngarra | bulu; gura | rangang | guridyarrung |
Darwin Region | Limilngan | Harvey (2001) | ngugun | imirri | darnmayngi | uwagi | umal | murlugan | uginy |
Darwin Region | Laragia | Capell (1940) | gaːɽuwa | dalira | duːrjawa | gujuguwa | damudjila | bilöva | binjidba |
Tiwi | Ngalagan | Capell (1942) | gu'wɛ | ŋuwadji | gurŋa | guŋwɛ | guguwalbɛŋɛ | bigur | bolo‘bolo |
Tiwi | Anjula | Capell (1942) | wajuru | ragamba | ŋagala | bújuga | wulŋara | mininŋia | ananawaija |
Tiwi | Melville | Capell (1940) | guguni | bugwi, imuŋa | dabara | jugɔni | gumuribini | wawärini | imbalinja |
Yangmanic | Wadaman | Capell (1940) | wian | ŋurun | gandawag | wudja | lujuŋgin | jibiwan | baŋbun |
Daly, Eastern | Kamor | Tryon (1968) | wuk | mœRœR | nœdœn | yim | wæn | čiǰe | pamgun |
Daly, Eastern | Matngala | Tryon (1968) | wuk | mœrœr | nudun | yim | wuŋgɔR | čije | kuwarak |
Daly, Southern | Nanggumiri | Capell (1940) | guɽu | miːri | diwin | jäŋgi | jäŋgi dawan | meːbur | walmi |
Daly, Northern | Mulluk Mulluk | Capell (1940) | waːg | miɽi | jɛl | djiäŋ | wɛn | jinja | aluwaɽa |
Daly, Wadjiginy | Woːgaidj | Capell (1940) | wiːg | qeig | qaɽa | vin | wingar | ŋanan | ŋoalaŋ |
Daly, Western | Marithiel | Capell (1940) | wodi | bandi | biŋgal | djändji | djämu | mäɽi | mogo |
Mirndi | Ngaliwuru | Capell (1940) | gogo | waŋgu | baɽaŋan | gujug | djuːlaṉ | djumbul | ŋaruŋ |
Mirndi | Nungali | Capell (1940) | gogo | njailän | dabaraŋaɽa | nujug | niulaṉ | diːimbul | njäŋaːruŋ |
Jarrakan | Gidja | Capell (1940) | guːɭiṉ | baːndil | gaɳgiṉ | maɳiṉ | wangiṉ | djiːlin | ŋaːlil |
Jarrakan | Miriwun | Capell (1940) | gäluŋ | gaŋiriṉ | gangiŋ | gadjaːwilaŋ | ḏuŋgi | djawalaŋ | gawilaŋ |
Bunaban | Bunaba | Capell (1940) | gaɽwa | gawara | gilimana | windäli | bindja | gujɽäma | wiːji |
Bunaban | Gunian | Capell (1940) | gaːmba | miri | djaːlin | weandi | wangi | juwulu | maŋo |
Worrorran | Woljamidi | Capell (1940) | jaːwal | maːri | gaːgiri | wurgala | ŋundjur | aɽi | wulun |
Worrorran | Unggumi | Capell (1940) | jaŋga | wandinja | ginjila | wianga | bindjäŋga | aɖi | wɔŋaiinja |
Worrorran | Worora | Capell (1940) | agu | maraŋanja | gunjila | wianu | bidjugu | idja | wɔŋaiinja |
Worrorran | Baːgu | Capell (1940) | ŋawa | mɔɽɔŋ | wamara | buː | ŋundjur | bɛndjin | ŋaːli |
Nyulnyulan | *Nyulnyulan | Stokes & McGregor (2003) | *wula | *walka | *jungku | *wamba |
Footnotes
[edit]- ↑ 1.000 1.001 1.002 1.003 1.004 1.005 1.006 1.007 1.008 1.009 1.010 1.011 1.012 1.013 1.014 1.015 1.016 1.017 1.018 1.019 1.020 1.021 1.022 1.023 1.024 1.025 1.026 1.027 1.028 1.029 1.030 1.031 1.032 1.033 1.034 1.035 1.036 1.037 1.038 1.039 1.040 1.041 1.042 1.043 1.044 1.045 1.046 1.047 1.048 1.049 1.050 1.051 1.052 1.053 1.054 1.055 1.056 1.057 1.058 1.059 1.060 1.061 1.062 1.063 1.064 1.065 1.066 1.067 1.068 1.069 1.070 1.071 1.072 1.073 1.074 1.075 1.076 1.077 1.078 1.079 1.080 1.081 1.082 1.083 1.084 1.085 1.086 1.087 1.088 1.089 1.090 1.091 1.092 1.093 1.094 1.095 1.096 1.097 1.098 1.099 1.100 1.101 1.102 1.103 1.104 1.105 1.106 1.107 1.108 1.109 1.110 1.111 1.112 1.113 1.114 1.115 1.116 1.117 1.118 1.119 1.120 1.121 1.122 1.123 1.124 1.125 1.126 1.127 1.128 1.129 1.130 1.131 1.132 1.133 1.134 1.135 1.136 1.137 1.138 1.139 1.140 1.141 1.142 1.143 1.144 1.145 1.146 1.147 1.148 1.149 1.150 1.151 1.152 1.153 1.154 1.155 1.156 1.157 1.158 1.159 1.160 Capell, Arthur. 1940. The Classification of Languages in North and North-West Australia. Oceania 10(3): 241-272, 404-433.
- ↑ 2.000 2.001 2.002 2.003 2.004 2.005 2.006 2.007 2.008 2.009 2.010 2.011 2.012 2.013 2.014 2.015 2.016 2.017 2.018 2.019 2.020 2.021 2.022 2.023 2.024 2.025 2.026 2.027 2.028 2.029 2.030 2.031 2.032 2.033 2.034 2.035 2.036 2.037 2.038 2.039 2.040 2.041 2.042 2.043 2.044 2.045 2.046 2.047 2.048 2.049 2.050 2.051 2.052 2.053 2.054 2.055 2.056 2.057 2.058 2.059 2.060 2.061 2.062 2.063 2.064 2.065 2.066 2.067 2.068 2.069 2.070 2.071 2.072 2.073 2.074 2.075 2.076 2.077 2.078 2.079 2.080 2.081 2.082 2.083 2.084 2.085 2.086 2.087 2.088 2.089 2.090 2.091 2.092 2.093 2.094 2.095 2.096 2.097 2.098 2.099 2.100 2.101 2.102 2.103 2.104 2.105 2.106 2.107 2.108 2.109 2.110 2.111 2.112 2.113 2.114 2.115 2.116 2.117 2.118 2.119 2.120 2.121 Capell, Arthur. 1941-1942, 1942-1943. Languages of Arnhem Land, North Australia. Oceania 12: 364-392, 13: 24-51.
- ^ Alpher, Barry. 2004. Pama-Nyungan: Phonological Reconstruction and Status as a Phylo-Genetic Group. In Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (eds.), Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, 93-126, 387-574. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
- ^ Evans, Nicholas (1990). "The Minkin language of the Burketown region". In Geoffrey N. O'Grady & Darrell T. Tryon (ed.). Studies in Comparative Pama-Nyungan. Volume 111 of Pacific Linguistics. Australian National University. pp. 173–207. →ISBN.
- ^ Harvey, Mark. 2003. An initial reconstruction of Proto Gunwinyguan phonology. In Evans, Nicholas (ed.), The non-Pama-Nyungan languages of northern Australia: comparative studies of the continent's most linguistically complex region, 205-268. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- ^ Davies, Jennifer. 1989. Umbugarla: a sketch grammar. B.A. Honours Thesis. University of Melbourne.
- ^ Harvey, Mark (2001) A grammar of Limilngan: A language of the Mary River Region, Northern Territory, Australia (Pacific Linguistics 516)[1], Canberra: Pacific Linguistics,
- ^ Tryon, Darrell T. 1968. "The Daly River Languages: A Survey". In Aguas, E.F. and Tryon, D. editors, Papers in Australian Linguistics No. 3. A-14:21-49. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University.
- ^ Stokes, Bronwyn and William McGregor. 2003. Classification and Subclassification of the Nyulnyulan Languages. In Nicholas Evans (ed.), The non-Pama-Nyungan languages of northern Australia: comparative studies of the continent's most linguistically complex region, 29-74. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
References
[edit]- Capell, Arthur. 1940. The Classification of Languages in North and North-West Australia. Oceania 10(3): 241-272, 404-433.
- Capell, Arthur. 1941-1942, 1942-1943. Languages of Arnhem Land, North Australia. Oceania 12: 364-392, 13: 24-51.
See also
[edit]Vocabulary lists of Indo-Pacific languages |
---|
Papuan |
p-Trans-New Guinea • p-Northern Adelbert • p-Sogeram • Bayono-Awbono • Paniai Lakes • Kolopom • Bulaka River • Pauwasi • p-South Bougainville • p-Lower Sepik • p-Watam-Awar-Gamay • p-Lakes Plain • p-North Halmahera • p-Timor-Alor-Pantar • p-Alor-Pantar • Tayap • Massep |
Australian |
North Australian (basic) • p-Nyulnyulan • p-Mirndi • p-Gunwinyguan • Limilngan • Umbugarla • Minkin • Tiwi • Malak-Malak • Pama-Nyungan • p-Pama-Nyungan • p-Arandic • p-Thura-Yura • p-Ngayarda |
Others |
p-Dravidian • Dravidian • Kusunda • Nihali • Kenaboi • p-Ongan |