ir
Alemannic German
Etymology
From Old High German ir, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a variant of *jūz.
Pronunciation
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Pronoun
ir
- you (plural)
Declension
nominative | accusative | dative | possessive m | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich, i | mich, mi | mir, mier, mer | min, miin | |
2nd person singular | familiar | du | dich, di | dir, dier, der | din, diin |
polite | Si | Ine, Ene, -ne | Ire | ||
3rd person singular | m | er | in, en | im | sin, siin |
f | si | ire | |||
n | es, 's, -s | im | sin, siin | ||
1st person plural | mir, mer | üs, öis, ois, eus | üse, öise, oise, euse | ||
2nd person plural | ir, ier | öi, eu | öie, eure | ||
3rd person plural | si | ine, ene, -ne | ire |
Aragonese
Etymology
Verb
ir
Chuukese
Pronoun
ir
Related terms
Dänisch
Etymology
Either the old word for "copper" or some derivation from it: Old Danish eer (“copper”), Old Norse eir, from Proto-Germanic *aiz.
Pronunciation
Nomen
ir c (singular definite irren, not used in plural form)
Elfdalian
Verb
ir
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese ir, from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /b/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin vādere; those beginning with /f/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin esse.
Verb
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- to go
- to work, function, run
- —Vai ou non vai? —Non vai.
- Does that work or does it not work? No, it doesn't work.
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | ir | |||||
Personal | ir | ires | ir | irmos | irdes | iren |
Gerund | ||||||
indo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ido | idos | ||||
Feminine | ida | idas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | vou | vas | vai | imos | ides | van |
Imperfect | ía | ías | ía | iamos | iades | ían |
Preterite | fun | fuches | foi | fomos | fostes | foron |
Pluperfect | fora | foras | fora | foramos | forades | foran |
Future | irei | irás | irá | iremos | iredes | irán |
Conditional | iría | irías | iría | iriamos | iriades | irían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | vaia | vaias | vaia | vaiamos | vaiades | vaian |
Imperfect | fose | foses | fose | fósemos | fósedes | fosen |
Future | for | fores | for | formos | fordes | foren |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | vai | vaia | vamos | ide | vaian | |
Negative (non) | non vaias | non vaia | non vaiamos | non vaiades | non vaian |
1Less recommended.
Derived terms
See also
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “ir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “ir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “ir”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “ir”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Interlingua
Etymology
From Latin īre, active present infinitive of eō; which its conjugation also influenced by French aller (present indicatives vais, vas, va, and vont all from Latin vadō).
Verb
ir
- to go
Conjugation
Antonyms
Kaera
Etymology
From Proto-Alor–Pantar *jira.
Nomen
ir
References
- Gary Holton and Laura Robinson, The Internal History of the Alor-Pantar language family, in The Alor-Pantar languages: History and Typology, edited by Marian Klamer
- Marian Klamer, One item, many faces: ‘come’ in Teiwa (2010, in wing & Klamer) and Kaera (2014, in Schapper)
- Gary Holton, Marian Klamer, František Kratochvíl, Laura C. Robinson, Antoinette Schapper, The Historical Relations of the Papuan Languages of Alor and Pantar, Oceanic Linguistics 2012:1
Latgalian
Etymology
Shortened form of irā, from Proto-Baltic *irā. Akin to Latvian ir.
Pronunciation
Verb
ir
Usage notes
- ir is mostly used in unstressed positions, while irā is mostly common for stressed positions in the sentence.
References
- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 48
Latin
Alternative forms
Etymology
Cognate with Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ir/, [ɪr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ir/, [ir]
Nomen
ir n sg (indeclinable, no genitive)
Declension
Not declined; used only in the nominative and accusative singular, singular only.
Case | Singular |
---|---|
Nominative | ir |
Genitive | — |
Dative | — |
Accusative | ir |
Ablative | — |
Vocative | — |
Synonyms
- (hand): manus
References
- “ir”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ir in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Latvian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Baltic *irā (cf. dialectal, archaic forms irād, iraid, irāg, and also Lithuanian yrà, which existed alongside *esti (cf. Old Church Slavonic єстъ (estŭ), Russian есть (jestʹ), Lithuanian dialectal ẽsti, Old Prussian ast), initially with basically existential (“there is”) meaning, but later on extending to all copular meanings, thus replacing *esti. In Sudovian, also the first person form irm (“I am”) is derived from this stem. The origin of Proto-Baltic *irā is, however, unclear. Various sources have been proposed: an older interjection (cf. Lithuanian aurè (“look!”)), the particle and conjunction ir (“both... and...”), a noun with the meaning “existence,” “reality,” “thing,” or even (more recently) the Proto-Indo-European secondary third-person verbal ending *-r with a later -ā-extension.[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
ir
- (he, she, it) is; third-person singular present indicative of būt
- (they) are; third-person plural present indicative of būt
- (with the particle lai) let (him, her, it) be; third-person singular imperative of būt
- (with the particle lai) let them be; third-person plural imperative of būt
Etymology 2
From Proto-Baltic *ir, from the reduced grade *h₂r̥ of Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“so, then; question particle”) (whence also Latvian ar (“with”); see there for more). The original meaning “and” (compare Lithuanian cognate) is found in 16th- and 17th-century texts, but from the 18th century on ir was no longer used in this sense. Cognates include Lithuanian ir̃ (“and”), Old Prussian ir (“also”), er (“(along) with”), Ancient Greek ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά (ára, ár', rhá, “so, then, therefore”).[1]
Conjunction
ir
- additive conjunction used to join several similar sentence elements, indicating their similar nature: both ... and ..., ... and also ..., ... as well as ...
- gribējas ir smieties, ir raudāt ― one wanted both to laugh and to cry
- nāca ir jaunie, ir vecie ― both the young and the old came
- tolaik ir tēvs, ir māte bija miruši ― at that time, both the father and the mother had died
- tā bija droša, interesanta un glīta meitene, kas prata būt ir jautra, ir nopietna ― that was a brave, fun (lit. interesting) and pretty girl, who knew how to be both cheerful and serious
- nakts kā jau nakts: ir mēness spīd, ir tālē rūsa plaiksnī ― the night is like the night (= as usual): the moon shines and also in the distance silent lightning flashes
Synonyms
Particle
ir
- used to mark connection and emphasis, reinforcement; syn. arī
- Ludis nolēca lielā dubļu pančkā un tur ir palika, ratiem pakaļ skatīdamies ― Ludis jumped into a big mud puddle and there also he stayed, looking ahead at the cart
- Dūdums pateica: “man vēl laika diezgan”, un pārliecināt viņu par piegādes normu nodošanu pirms termiņa tā ir neizdevās — Dūdums said: “I still have enough time,” and also, so it was impossible to convince him about the rules for delivery before the deadline
- used to mark emphasis, to reinforce; syn. pat: really, even
- tas viņam ir prātā nenāk ― that doesn't even come to his mind
- krūmos ir pa naktīm guļot, pilsētā viņš parādoties reti ― really sleeping at night in the bushes, he appeared rarely in the city
Synonyms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “ir”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ir (“and, also”), compare Latvian ir, Old Prussian ir (“and, even”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥- (“thus, so”); compare Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “so, then, consequently”). If the original meaning was "fittingly, accordingly", the root may be identical to *h₂er- (“fit together”), see artì (“near”) for more.
Proto-Slavic *i (“and, even”) is probably not related.
Conjunction
ir̃
- (coordinating, cumulative) and, too
- (coordinating, illative) and, so
- (coordinating, correlative) both … and …
Particle
ir̃
Related terms
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jūz. Compare German ihr.
Pronoun
ir
Further reading
ir - instituut voor de Nederlandse taal
Middle English
Etymology 1
Determiner
ir
- Alternative form of hire (“her”)
Pronoun
ir
- Alternative form of hire (“hers”)
Etymology 2
Pronoun
ir
- Alternative form of hire (“her”)
Middle High German
Etymology
From Old High German ir, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ir
- you: nominative plural of du
Descendants
- Alemannic German: ir
- Bavarian:
- Central Franconian: ühr, ihr, dihr (d- from verb ending by rebracketing)
- German: ihr
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pennsylvania German: dihr
- Yiddish: איר (ir), איהר (ihr) — Daytshmerish
Mòcheno
Etymology
From Middle High German ir, from Old High German ir, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz. Cognate with German ihr, English ye.
Pronoun
ir
- you (plural)
Inflection
Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | ir |
3rd person | er, si, s | sei |
References
- “ir” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Old High German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
Pronoun
ir
- you (second-person plural pronoun)
- (polite) you (second-person singular pronoun)
- late 9th century, Otfrid of Weissenburg, Letter to Bishop Salomo of Constance v. 5-7:
- Lékza ih therara búachi / iu sentu in suábo richi,
thaz ir irkíaset ubar ál, / oba siu frúma wesan scal;
Oba ir hiar fíndet iawiht thés / thaz wírdig ist thes lésannes:- I send to you in Swabia the selection of books,
so that you can decide above all if it will be useful;
[and] if you find here something that is worthy of being read.
(quoted in and tr. by Horst J. Simon in Taavitsainen & Jucker 2003:88)
- I send to you in Swabia the selection of books,
- late 9th century, Otfrid of Weissenburg, Letter to Bishop Salomo of Constance v. 5-7:
Usage notes
Some speakers of Old High German appear to have contrasted the "polite" singular (plural forms) with the regular, informal singular (singular forms), as in Modern German Sie versus du. This distinction is however not well-attested, and may have been regional, genre-dependent, or only in late Old High German.
Inflection
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | ih (ihha, ihcha) |
mīn | mir | mih | |
Second | dū | dīn | dir | dih | ||
Third | Masculine | er (her) | (sīn) | imu, imo | inan, in | |
Feminine | siu; sī, si | ira (iru, iro) | iru, iro | sia | ||
Neuter | iz | es, is | imu, imo | iz | ||
Plural | First | wir | unsēr | uns | unsih | |
Second | ir | iuwēr | iu | iuwih | ||
Third | Masculine | sie | iro | im, in | sie | |
Feminine | sio | iro | im, in | sio | ||
Neuter | siu | iro | im, in | siu | ||
Polite form | Second | ir | iuwēr | iu | iuwih |
Descendants
- Middle High German: ir
References
- Armitage, Lionel. (1911) An Introduction to the study of Old High German, p 200.
Old Swedish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old East Norse *īʀ (compare West Norse ér), from Proto-Germanic *jīz, variant of *jūz.
Pronoun
īr
- you (plural)
Declension
first person | second person | reflexive | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
singular | ||||||
nominative | iak, iæk | þū | — | han | hōn | þæt |
accusative | mik, mek | þik | sik | han | hana, hōna | þæt |
dative | mǣ(r), mik | þǣ(r), þik | sǣ(r), sik | hōnum, hānum | hænni | þȳ, þī |
genitive | mīn | þīn | sīn | hans | hænna(r) | þæs |
dual | ||||||
nominative | vit | it | — | — | — | — |
accusative | oker | *iker | sik | — | — | — |
dative | oker | *iker | sǣr, sik | — | — | — |
genitive | okar | *ikar | sīn | — | — | — |
plural | ||||||
nominative | vī(r) | ī(r) | — | þē(r) | þā(r) | þø̄n, þē(n) |
accusative | os, ōs | iþer | sik | þā | þā(r) | þø̄n, þē(n) |
dative | os, ōs | iþer | sǣr, sik | þēm, þø̄m, þom | þēm, þø̄m, þom | þēm, þø̄m, þom |
genitive | vār | iþar | sīn | þēra | þēra | þēra |
Descendants
Old Welsh
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Celtic *sindos.
Pronunciation
Article
ir
- (definite article) the
- 9th c., Oxoniensis Prior (Bodleian Library, Oxford), v. 234:
- ir pimphet eterin
- the fifth bird
- 9th c., Oxoniensis Prior (Bodleian Library, Oxford), v. 234:
Descendants
Portuguese
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /v/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin vādere; those beginning with /f/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin esse.
Pronunciation
Verb
ir (first-person singular present vou, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle ido)
- Template:indtr to go (to move to a destination)
- Vamos a pé?
- Do we go on foot?
- Eles foram ao centro comercial.
- They went to the shopping centre.
- Queríamos ir para casa.
- We wanted to go home.
- (auxiliary, with an infinitive) will; to be going to; forms the future tense
- Vou comprar um sapato.
- I will buy a shoe.
- Nós não íamos fazer nada.
- We weren’t going to do anything.
- (auxiliary, with a gerund) to keep on; to go on; ~ on; forms the continuative aspect
- A água vai escorrendo até acabar.
- The water keeps on leaking until it is all gone.
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to go; to leave; to depart
- Os homens já se foram todos.
- All the men have left already.
- Template:indtr to attend; to go to (to be present in an event)
- Sinto muito, não poderei ir à sua festa.
- I’m sorry, I won’t be able to go to your party.
- Template:indtr to go on until; to last to
- A batalha foi até as duas da manhã.
- The battle went on until two AM.
- Template:indtr to do; to fare (to have a good or bad result)
- Fui muito mal em quase todas as provas.
- I did very bad in nearly all the tests.
- (intransitive) to be doing (formula used in greetings)
- “Como vai?” “Vou bem, obrigado.”
- “How are you doing?” “I am doing fine, thanks.”
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to be gone (depleted, destroyed; no longer usable)
- Porcaria! Minha TV se foi.
- Damn it! My TV is gone.
- (euphemistic, takes a reflexive pronoun) to leave us; to depart (to die)
- Uma oração para os que já se foram.
- A prayer for those who have already left us.
- (intransitive) to go (to begin an action or process)
- Um, dois, três, vai!
- One, two, three, go!
- O sinal verde ainda não foi!
- The green light still didn’t light up.
- Vamos!
- Get on with it!
- Template:indtr to match; to go with (to form a good combination with)
- Este casaco não vai bem com os sapatos.
- This jacket doesn't go well with the shoes.
- Template:indtr to like or tolerate someone or something
- Parece que ninguém vai comigo.
- It seems nobody likes me.
- Template:indtr to follow (to take into account when making choices)
- Vai pela razão, não pelos sentimentos.
- Follow reason, not feelings.
- Se a luz não acender, pode encontrar o livro indo pelo tato.
- If the light doesn’t turn on, you can find the book by following your sense of touch.
- Vai por mim.
- Trust me.
- Template:indtr to range from (to encompass values between two given extremes)
- As perguntas iam do fácil ao difícil.
- The questions ranged from easy to difficult.
- (poker, intransitive) to call (to match the amount of chips in the pot)
- 2012, Luís Fernando Veríssimo, “Os pêssegos”, in Diálogos Impossíveis, Editora Objetiva, →ISBN, page 29:
- Não se ouvia mais nada, além dos ruídos naturais do pôquer. O clicar das fichas. Frases curtas: "Dou cartas." "Vou." "Não vou." "Pago pra ver." "Não é possível!"
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (reflexive) to depart; to leave
- (reflexive, euphemistic) to pass away; to depart; to die
Usage notes
The use of auxiliary ir with lexical ir (e.g. Eu vou ir para casa “I'm going to go home”) is sometimes proscribed. A single ir (Eu vou para casa, even though this also means the present “I'm going home”) or the future tense form (Eu irei para casa, which is rather formal) can be used instead.
Usually used in the preterite and with the pronoun preceding the verb:
- Ele se foi.
- He departed.
- Elas se foram.
- They departed.
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | ir | |||||
Personal | ir | ires | ir | irmos | irdes | irem |
Gerund | ||||||
indo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ido | idos | ||||
Feminine | ida | idas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | vou | vais | vai | vamos | ides | vão |
Imperfect | ia | ias | ia | íamos | íeis | iam |
Preterite | fui | foste | foi | fomos | fostes | foram |
Pluperfect | fora | foras | fora | fôramos | fôreis | foram |
Future | irei | irás | irá | iremos | ireis | irão |
Conditional | iria | irias | iria | iríamos | iríeis | iriam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | vá | vás | vá | vamos | vades | vão |
Imperfect | fosse | fosses | fosse | fôssemos | fôsseis | fossem |
Future | for | fores | for | formos | fordes | forem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | vai | vá | vamos | ide | vão | |
Negative (não) | não vás | não vá | não vamos | não vades | não vão |
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:ir.
Synonyms
Romansch
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /v/ derive from corresponding conjugations of vādere, and those beginning with /m/ presumably from meāre.
Verb
ir
Conjugation
infinitive | ir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | mond | |||||
past participle | iu | |||||
singular | plural | |||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
present | mon | vas | va | mein | meis | van |
imperfect | evel | evas | eva | evan | evas | evan |
future | vegnel a ir | vegns a ir | vegn a ir | vegnin a ir | vegnis a ir | vegnan a ir |
conditional | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
direct present | mass | masses | mass | massen | masses | massen |
indirect present | massi | massies | massi | massien | massies | massien |
direct future | vegness a ir | vegnesses a ir | vegness a ir | vegnessen a ir | vegnesses a ir | vegnessen a ir |
indirect future | vegnessi a ir | vegnessies a ir | vegnessi a ir | vegnessien a ir | vegnessies a ir | vegnessien a ir |
subjunctive | che jeu | che ti | ch'el/ch'ella | che nus | che vus | ch'els/ch'ellas |
present | mondi | mondies | mondi | meien | meies | mondien |
past | evi | evies | evi | evien | evies | evien |
future | vegni a ir | vegnies a ir | vegni a ir | vegnîen a ir | vegnîes a ir | vegnien a ir |
imperative | — | ti | — | — | vus | — |
va | mei |
infinitive | ir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | giond | |||||
past participle | ì | |||||
singular | plural | |||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
present | vom | vas | va | giain | giais | van |
imperfect | gieva | gievas | gieva | gievan | gievas | gievan |
future | vegnel a ir | vegns a ir | vegn a ir | vegnin a ir | vegnis a ir | vegnan a ir |
conditional | jeu | ti | el/ella | nus | vus | els/ellas |
present | giess | giesses | giess | giessen | giesses | giessen |
future | vegness a ir | vegnesses a ir | vegness a ir | vegnessen a ir | vegnesses a ir | vegnessen a ir |
subjunctive | che jeu | che ti | ch'el/ch'ella | che nus | che vus | ch'els/ch'ellas |
present | giaja | giajas | giaja | giajan | giajas | giajan |
future | vegni a ir | vegnies a ir | vegni a ir | vegnîen a ir | vegnîes a ir | vegnien a ir |
imperative | — | ti | — | — | vus | — |
va | giai |
Scots
Verb
ir
- (Southern Scots) Second-person simple present form of to be
- (Southern Scots) Plural simple present form of to be
See also
Spanish
Etymology
Inherited from Latin īre. The forms beginning with /b/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin vādere; those beginning with /f/ derive from corresponding forms of Latin esse.[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
ir (first-person singular present voy, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle ido)
- (intransitive) to go (away from speaker and listener)
- Nos gusta ir al cine.
- We like to go to the movies.
- (intransitive) to come (towards or with the listener)
- Quiero ir contigo.
- I want to come with you.
- Iré a tu casa.
- I'll come to your house.
- (auxiliary) to be going to (near future), to go (+ a + infinitive)
- Voy a decirle la verdad.
- I am going to tell her the truth.
- (reflexive) to go away, to leave, to depart, to go (when the destination is not essential; when something or someone is going somewhere else)
- (reflexive) to leak out (with liquids and gasses), to boil away, to go flat (gas in drinks)
- (reflexive) to overflow
- (reflexive) to go out (lights)
- (reflexive) to finish, to wear out, to disappear (e.g. money, paint, pains, mechanical parts)
- (reflexive) to die
- (reflexive, informal) to break wind, to fart
- (reflexive, informal) to wet/soil oneself (i.e., urinate or defecate in one's pants)
- (reflexive, vulgar) to come, to cum, to ejaculate, to orgasm
Usage notes
- The basic meaning "go" applies to any kind of animate or inanimate motion: walk, ride, sail, fly, etc.
- The voseo imperative of ir is typically replaced by the imperative of andar, which has the form andá[2], though the form i is sometimes used as well.
Conjugation
infinitive | ir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | yendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | ido | ida | |||||
plural | idos | idas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | voy | vas | va | vamos | vais | van | |
imperfect | iba | ibas | iba | íbamos | ibais | iban | |
preterite | fui | fuiste | fue | fuimos | fuisteis | fueron | |
future | iré | irás | irá | iremos | iréis | irán | |
conditional | iría | irías | iría | iríamos | iríais | irían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | vaya | vayastú vayásvos2 |
vaya | vayamos | vayáis | vayan | |
imperfect (ra) |
fuera | fueras | fuera | fuéramos | fuerais | fueran | |
imperfect (se) |
fuese | fueses | fuese | fuésemos | fueseis | fuesen | |
future1 | fuere | fueres | fuere | fuéremos | fuereis | fueren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | vetú andávos |
vaya | vamos, vayamos | id | vayan | ||
negative | no vayas | no vaya | no vayamos | no vayáis | no vayan |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive ir | |||||||
dative | irme | irte | irle, irse | irnos | iros | irles, irse | |
accusative | irme | irte | irlo, irla, irse | irnos | iros | irlos, irlas, irse | |
with gerund yendo | |||||||
dative | yéndome | yéndote | yéndole, yéndose | yéndonos | yéndoos | yéndoles, yéndose | |
accusative | yéndome | yéndote | yéndolo, yéndola, yéndose | yéndonos | yéndoos | yéndolos, yéndolas, yéndose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative ve | |||||||
dative | veme | vete | vele | venos | not used | veles | |
accusative | veme | vete | velo, vela | venos | not used | velos, velas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative andá | |||||||
dative | andame | andate | andale | andanos | not used | andales | |
accusative | andame | andate | andalo, andala | andanos | not used | andalos, andalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative vaya | |||||||
dative | váyame | not used | váyale, váyase | váyanos | not used | váyales | |
accusative | váyame | not used | váyalo, váyala, váyase | váyanos | not used | váyalos, váyalas | |
with first-person plural imperative vamos, vayamos | |||||||
dative | not used | vámoste, vayámoste | vámosle, vayámosle | vámonos, vayámonos | vámoos, vayámoos | vámosles, vayámosles | |
accusative | not used | vámoste, vayámoste | vámoslo, vayámoslo, vámosla, vayámosla | vámonos, vayámonos | vámoos, vayámoos | vámoslos, vayámoslos, vámoslas, vayámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative id | |||||||
dative | idme | not used | idle | idnos | idos, iros | idles | |
accusative | idme | not used | idlo, idla | idnos | idos, iros | idlos, idlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative vayan | |||||||
dative | váyanme | not used | váyanle | váyannos | not used | váyanles, váyanse | |
accusative | váyanme | not used | váyanlo, váyanla | váyannos | not used | váyanlos, váyanlas, váyanse |
infinitive | irse | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | yéndose | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | ido | ida | |||||
plural | idos | idas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
personal non-finite | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
infinitive | irme | irte | irse | irnos | iros | irse | |
gerund | yéndome | yéndote | yéndose | yéndonos | yéndoos | yéndose | |
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | me voy | te vas | se va | nos vamos | os vais | se van | |
imperfect | me iba | te ibas | se iba | nos íbamos | os ibais | se iban | |
preterite | me fui | te fuiste | se fue | nos fuimos | os fuisteis | se fueron | |
future | me iré | te irás | se irá | nos iremos | os iréis | se irán | |
conditional | me iría | te irías | se iría | nos iríamos | os iríais | se irían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | me vaya | te vayastú te vayásvos2 |
se vaya | nos vayamos | os vayáis | se vayan | |
imperfect (ra) |
me fuera | te fueras | se fuera | nos fuéramos | os fuerais | se fueran | |
imperfect (se) |
me fuese | te fueses | se fuese | nos fuésemos | os fueseis | se fuesen | |
future1 | me fuere | te fueres | se fuere | nos fuéremos | os fuereis | se fueren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | vetetú andatevos |
váyase | vámonos, vayámonos | idos, iros | váyanse | ||
negative | no te vayas | no se vaya | no nos vayamos | no os vayáis | no se vayan |
Derived terms
- agua va
- ahí va
- cosas que van y vienen
- cuando tú vas yo vengo de regreso
- ir a buscar
- ir a lo seguro (“to play it safe”)
- ir a más
- ir a medias
- ir a menos
- ir a parar
- ir a por (“to go get, to fetch; to go for, to come for”)
- ir al grano
- ir cada uno por su lado
- ir de
- ir de compras
- ir de copas
- ir de primero
- ir de putas
- ir de segundo
- ir del bracero
- ir del bracete
- ir demasiado lejos
- ir en serio (“to get serious, to be serious; to mean it”)
- ir en top
- ir para largo
- ir preso
- ires y venires
- irse a fondo
- irse a hacer gárgaras
- irse a la cama
- irse a la verga
- irse al cuerno
- irse al tacho
- irse de este mundo
- irse de las manos
- irse de vareta
- irse la fuerza por la boca
- ni ir ni venir
- no va más
- no vaya a ser que
- qué va
- quién va
- sin ir más lejos
- va de cuento
- vamos al caso
- vamos hablando
- vaya con Dios
- vaya por caso
- vete a chingar
- vete con Dios
- voy y vengo
- ¿dónde va Vicente? donde va la gente
See also
References
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
- ^ “Spanish from Argentina: That Voseo Thing”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)[1], 2015 October 9 (last accessed)
Further reading
- “ir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sumerian
Romanization
ir
- Romanization of 𒅕 (ir)
Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *ir (compare Cornish yr), from Proto-Celtic *ɸūros (compare Irish úr), from Proto-Indo-European *puHrós, from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean, pure”). Doublet of pur.
Pronunciation
Adjective
ir (feminine singular ir, plural irion, equative ired, comparative irach, superlative iraf)
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
ir | unchanged | unchanged | hir |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Yapese
Pronoun
ir
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