δάκτυλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain; probably Pre-Greek. Possibly related to Latin digitus, though the details are unclear. Note also Boeotian Greek δακκύλιος (dakkúlios).

The sense "date" is probably a folk-etymological alteration of a word from a Semitic source such as Arabic دَقَل (daqal, “variety of date palm”) or Hebrew דֶּקֶל (deqel, “date palm”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /dák.ty.los/ → /ˈðak.ty.los/ → /ˈðak.ti.los/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /dák.ty.los/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈdak.ty.los/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈðak.ty.los/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈðak.ty.los/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈðak.ti.los/

Nomen

δᾰ́κτῠλος • (dáktulos) m (genitive δᾰκτῠ́λου); second declension

1. finger
   1. toe
2. measure of length, the breadth of a finger, about 7/10 of an inch
   1. dactyl, a metrical foot
   2. (in the plural) a dance
3. date (fruit)
4. type of grape

Declension

Second declension of ὁ δᾰ́κτῠλος; τοῦ δᾰκτῠ́λου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ δᾰ́κτῠλος ho dáktulos	τὼ δᾰκτῠ́λω tṑ daktúlō	οἱ δᾰ́κτῠλοι hoi dáktuloi
Genitive	τοῦ δᾰκτῠ́λου toû daktúlou	τοῖν δᾰκτῠ́λοιν toîn daktúloin	τῶν δᾰκτῠ́λων tôn daktúlōn
Dative	τῷ δᾰκτῠ́λῳ tôi daktúlōi	τοῖν δᾰκτῠ́λοιν toîn daktúloin	τοῖς δᾰκτῠ́λοις toîs daktúlois
Accusative	τὸν δᾰ́κτῠλον tòn dáktulon	τὼ δᾰκτῠ́λω tṑ daktúlō	τοὺς δᾰκτῠ́λους toùs daktúlous
Vocative	δᾰ́κτῠλε dáktule	δᾰκτῠ́λω daktúlō	δᾰ́κτῠλοι dáktuloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Poetic Greek uses δᾰ́κτῠλᾰ (dáktula) as a plural.

Derived terms

• βρᾰχῠδᾰ́κτῠλος (brakhudáktulos)
• δακτύλιος (daktúlios)
• δᾰκτῠλοειδής (daktuloeidḗs)
• δᾰκτῠλόπους (daktulópous)
• ἑρμοδάκτυλον (hermodáktulon)
• πᾰχῠδᾰ́κτῠλος (pakhudáktulos)

 

Descendants

• English: dactyl, dactylo-
• French: dactyle
• Greek: δάχτυλο (dáchtylo)
• Russian: да́ктиль (dáktilʹ)

Further reading

• “δάκτυλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “δάκτυλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• δάκτυλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• δάκτυλος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• G1147 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • dactyl idem, page 193.
  • finger idem, page 321.
  • inch idem, page 428.
  • toe idem, page 880.