رف
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See also: رق
Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Disputed etymology:
- Natively from the root ر ف ف (r-f-f) in the sense of an outstretched wing being symbolic of protection, a coverlet; hence originally an awning or covering; semantically becoming a story or tier of a building as each window would feature such a cloth shelf above it. Parallel semantic conception found with Hebrew רפפות (“window shutters; a collection of layered thin strips”) and Western Neo-Aramaic ܪܦ (rap, “level, story; room, chamber”).
- Natively from the root ر ف ف (r-f-f) in the sense of stretching elbows out on a pillow or cushion, stemming from an outstretched wing; hence a place to place things, a place to spread things out on.
- From Aramaic found in its descendant Western Neo-Aramaic ܪܦ (rap, “level, story; room, chamber”) of uncertain etymology, but considered likely foreign or possibly even borrowed from Arabic; as for a foreign source possibly connected to Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]رَفّ • (raff) m (plural رُفُوف (rufūf) or أَرْفُف (ʔarfuf) or رِفَاف (rifāf))
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun رَفّ (raff)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | رَفّ raff |
الرَّفّ ar-raff |
رَفّ raff |
Nominative | رَفٌّ raffun |
الرَّفُّ ar-raffu |
رَفُّ raffu |
Accusative | رَفًّا raffan |
الرَّفَّ ar-raffa |
رَفَّ raffa |
Genitive | رَفٍّ raffin |
الرَّفِّ ar-raffi |
رَفِّ raffi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | رَفَّيْن raffayn |
الرَّفَّيْن ar-raffayn |
رَفَّيْ raffay |
Nominative | رَفَّانِ raffāni |
الرَّفَّانِ ar-raffāni |
رَفَّا raffā |
Accusative | رَفَّيْنِ raffayni |
الرَّفَّيْنِ ar-raffayni |
رَفَّيْ raffay |
Genitive | رَفَّيْنِ raffayni |
الرَّفَّيْنِ ar-raffayni |
رَفَّيْ raffay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | رُفُوف; أَرْفُف; رِفَاف rufūf; ʔarfuf; rifāf |
الرُّفُوف; الْأَرْفُف; الرِّفَاف ar-rufūf; al-ʔarfuf; ar-rifāf |
رُفُوف; أَرْفُف; رِفَاف rufūf; ʔarfuf; rifāf |
Nominative | رُفُوفٌ; أَرْفُفٌ; رِفَافٌ rufūfun; ʔarfufun; rifāfun |
الرُّفُوفُ; الْأَرْفُفُ; الرِّفَافُ ar-rufūfu; al-ʔarfufu; ar-rifāfu |
رُفُوفُ; أَرْفُفُ; رِفَافُ rufūfu; ʔarfufu; rifāfu |
Accusative | رُفُوفًا; أَرْفُفًا; رِفَافًا rufūfan; ʔarfufan; rifāfan |
الرُّفُوفَ; الْأَرْفُفَ; الرِّفَافَ ar-rufūfa; al-ʔarfufa; ar-rifāfa |
رُفُوفَ; أَرْفُفَ; رِفَافَ rufūfa; ʔarfufa; rifāfa |
Genitive | رُفُوفٍ; أَرْفُفٍ; رِفَافٍ rufūfin; ʔarfufin; rifāfin |
الرُّفُوفِ; الْأَرْفُفِ; الرِّفَافِ ar-rufūfi; al-ʔarfufi; ar-rifāfi |
رُفُوفِ; أَرْفُفِ; رِفَافِ rufūfi; ʔarfufi; rifāfi |
Descendants
[edit]- → Azerbaijani: rəf
- → Catalan: ràfec (“eaves”)
- → Persian: رف (raf)
- → Ottoman Turkish: راف (raf)
- → Swahili: rafu
Etymology 2
[edit]Root |
---|
ر ف ف (r f f) |
1 term |
Verb
[edit]رَفَّ • (raffa) I, non-past يَرِفُّ (yariffu)
- to gleam
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of
رَفَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal nouns رَفّ or رَفِيف)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
رَفّ or رَفِيف raff or rafīf | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
rāff | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
marfūf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | rafaftu |
rafafta |
رَفَّ raffa |
rafaftumā |
raffā |
rafafnā |
rafaftum |
raffū | |||
f | rafafti |
raffat |
raffatā |
rafaftunna |
rafafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔariffu |
tariffu |
yariffu |
tariffāni |
yariffāni |
nariffu |
tariffūna |
yariffūna | |||
f | tariffīna |
tariffu |
tariffāni |
tarfifna |
yarfifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔariffa |
tariffa |
yariffa |
tariffā |
yariffā |
nariffa |
tariffū |
yariffū | |||
f | tariffī |
tariffa |
tariffā |
tarfifna |
yarfifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔariffa or ʔariffi or ʔarfif |
tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
yariffa or yariffi or yarfif |
tariffā |
yariffā |
nariffa or nariffi or narfif |
tariffū |
yariffū | |||
f | tariffī |
tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
tariffā |
tarfifna |
yarfifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | riffa or riffi or irfif |
riffā |
riffū |
||||||||
f | riffī |
irfifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | رُفَّ ruffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yuraffu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yuraffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yuraffa or yuraffi or yurfaf |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Verb
[edit]رَفَّ • (raffa) I, non-past يَرُفُّ or يَرِفُّ (yaruffu or yariffu)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of
رَفَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal noun رَفّ)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
رَفّ raff | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
rāff | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
marfūf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | rafaftu |
rafafta |
رَفَّ raffa |
rafaftumā |
raffā |
rafafnā |
rafaftum |
raffū | |||
f | rafafti |
raffat |
raffatā |
rafaftunna |
rafafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaruffu or ʔariffu |
taruffu or tariffu |
yaruffu or yariffu |
taruffāni or tariffāni |
yaruffāni or yariffāni |
naruffu or nariffu |
taruffūna or tariffūna |
yaruffūna or yariffūna | |||
f | taruffīna or tariffīna |
taruffu or tariffu |
taruffāni or tariffāni |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaruffa or ʔariffa |
taruffa or tariffa |
yaruffa or yariffa |
taruffā or tariffā |
yaruffā or yariffā |
naruffa or nariffa |
taruffū or tariffū |
yaruffū or yariffū | |||
f | taruffī or tariffī |
taruffa or tariffa |
taruffā or tariffā |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaruffa or ʔaruffi or ʔarfuf or ʔariffa or ʔariffi or ʔarfif |
taruffa or taruffi or tarfuf or tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
yaruffa or yaruffi or yarfuf or yariffa or yariffi or yarfif |
taruffā or tariffā |
yaruffā or yariffā |
naruffa or naruffi or narfuf or nariffa or nariffi or narfif |
taruffū or tariffū |
yaruffū or yariffū | |||
f | taruffī or tariffī |
taruffa or taruffi or tarfuf or tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
taruffā or tariffā |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ruffa or ruffi or urfuf or riffa or riffi or irfif |
ruffā or riffā |
ruffū or riffū |
||||||||
f | ruffī or riffī |
urfufna or irfifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | رُفَّ ruffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yuraffu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yuraffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yuraffa or yuraffi or yurfaf |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Verb
[edit]رَفَّ • (raffa) I, non-past يَرُفُّ or يَرِفُّ (yaruffu or yariffu)
- to serve diligently (لِ (li) someone)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of
رَفَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal nouns رُفُوف or رَفِيف)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
rufūf or rafīf | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
rāff | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
marfūf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | rafaftu |
rafafta |
رَفَّ raffa |
rafaftumā |
raffā |
rafafnā |
rafaftum |
raffū | |||
f | rafafti |
raffat |
raffatā |
rafaftunna |
rafafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaruffu or ʔariffu |
taruffu or tariffu |
yaruffu or yariffu |
taruffāni or tariffāni |
yaruffāni or yariffāni |
naruffu or nariffu |
taruffūna or tariffūna |
yaruffūna or yariffūna | |||
f | taruffīna or tariffīna |
taruffu or tariffu |
taruffāni or tariffāni |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaruffa or ʔariffa |
taruffa or tariffa |
yaruffa or yariffa |
taruffā or tariffā |
yaruffā or yariffā |
naruffa or nariffa |
taruffū or tariffū |
yaruffū or yariffū | |||
f | taruffī or tariffī |
taruffa or tariffa |
taruffā or tariffā |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaruffa or ʔaruffi or ʔarfuf or ʔariffa or ʔariffi or ʔarfif |
taruffa or taruffi or tarfuf or tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
yaruffa or yaruffi or yarfuf or yariffa or yariffi or yarfif |
taruffā or tariffā |
yaruffā or yariffā |
naruffa or naruffi or narfuf or nariffa or nariffi or narfif |
taruffū or tariffū |
yaruffū or yariffū | |||
f | taruffī or tariffī |
taruffa or taruffi or tarfuf or tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
taruffā or tariffā |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ruffa or ruffi or urfuf or riffa or riffi or irfif |
ruffā or riffā |
ruffū or riffū |
||||||||
f | ruffī or riffī |
urfufna or irfifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | رُفَّ ruffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yuraffu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yuraffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yuraffa or yuraffi or yurfaf |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Noun
[edit]رَفّ • (raff) m
- verbal noun of رَفَّ (raffa) (form I)
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun رَفّ (raff)
References
[edit]- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 13
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “رف”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[2] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 170
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “رف”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 892
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “رف”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1115–1116
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “رف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 403
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “رف”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[5] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 483
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic رَفّ (raff).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ɾaf]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɹæf]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ɾäf]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | raf |
Dari reading? | raf |
Iranian reading? | raf |
Tajik reading? | raf |
Noun
[edit]رف • (raf)
Categories:
- Arabic terms with unknown etymologies
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ر ف ف
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Arabic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rebʰ-
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic terms with audio links
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic geminate verbs by conjugation
- Arabic geminate form-I verbs
- Arabic geminate verbs
- Arabic verbs with impersonal passive
- Arabic intransitive verbs
- Arabic verbal nouns
- ar:Furniture
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- fa:Furniture