شیر

See also: شێر, سیر, سير, ـسز, and شير

Baluchi

Noun

شیر • (šír)

1. milk

Burushaski

Etymology

From Classical Persian شیر (šēr)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃeːɾ/, [ʃeːɾ]

Noun

شیر (transliteration needed) (plural شیرشݸ)

1. lion

References

Sadaf Munshi (2015) “Word Lists”, in Burushaski Language Documentation Project‎^[1].

Central Kurdish

شیر

Etymology

Cognate with Persian شیر (šir).

Noun

شیر (şîr)

1. milk (the liquid)

Kashmiri

Etymology

Borrowed from Punjabi شیر (śer).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃeːr/

Noun

شیر • (śēr) m (Devanagari शेर)

1. tiger

   Synonym: سٕہہ (sụhh)

Verb

شیر • (śēr)

1. imperative singular of شیرُن (śērun, “to fix, repair”)

Khalaj

Noun

شیر (şîr) (definite accusative شیری, plural شیرلَر)

1. Arabic spelling of şîr (“lion”)

Declension

Declension of شیر

	singular	plural
nominative	شیر	شیرلَر
genitive	شیرۆݧ	شیرلَریݧ
dative	شیرکه	شیرلَرکه
definite accusative	شیرۆ	شیرلَری
locative	شیرچه	شیرلَرچه
ablative	شیرده	شیرلَرده
instrumental	شیرله	شیرلَرله
equative	شیروارا	شیرلَروارا

Persian

یک شیرِ نرِ آفریقایی ― A male African lion

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐫢𐫃𐫡 (šgr /⁠šagr, šēr⁠/, “lion; (astronomy) Leo”).

Sense 2 is from the fact that the first taps in Iran looked like lions heads.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʃeːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃeːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃeːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃeːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃeːɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃeɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	šēr
Dari reading?	šēr
Iranian reading?	šir
Tajik reading?	šer

• Audio (Dari):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	شیر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	шер

شیر • (šir or šêr) (plural شیرها (šir-hâ) or شیران (širân))

1. lion

   Synonyms: ارسلان (arsalân), اسد (asad)

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 751:

     چون رسد آن جا ببیند گرگ و شیر
     عمر ضایع راه دور و روز دیر

     čūn rasad ān-jā bibīnad gurg u šēr
     umr-i zāyi' rāh-i dūr u rōz-i dēr

     When he reaches the spot, he sees wolves and lions,
     his life lost, the road far off, and the day late.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

3. faucet, tap
4. (India) tiger (sometimes also applied to the leopard)

Derived terms

• شیرمَرد (širmard, “hero, gallant”)
• شیرزَن (širzan, “lioness, heroine”)
• شیرفَش (širfaš, “lionlike, leonine”)
• شیرَافکَن (šir-afkan, “lion-slayer”)
• شیرَاوژَن (šir-owžan, “lion-slayer”)
• شیردِل (šir-del, “lionheart”)
• شیردال (šir-dâl, “griffin”)
• شیرِ کوهی (šir-e-kuhi, “puma”)
• شیرِ دَریایی (šir-e-daryâyi, “sea lion”)
• تولِه‌شیر (tule-šir, “lion cub”)
• شیرماهی (šir-mâhi, “Spanish mackerel”)
• شیرشاه (šir-šâh, “Lion King”)
• شیر و خوَرشید (šir-o-xoršid, “Lion and Sun”)
• شیر یا خَط (šir-yâ-xat, “heads or tails”)
• شیر شُدَن (šir šodan, “to summon up the courage”)
• شیر کَردَن (šir kardan, “to incite, provoke”)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: şir
• → Bengali: শের (śer)
• → Gilaki: شیر (šīr)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: शेर (śer)

  Urdu: شیر (šer)

• → Khalaj: şîr
• → Ottoman Turkish: شیر (şîr)
  • Turkish: şir
• → Uzbek: sher

Proper noun

شیر • (šêr)

1. (astronomy) Leo

   Synonym: اَسَد (asad)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “šagr, šēr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, pages 78–79

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HLḆA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (šyl), 𐫢𐫏𐫏𐫡 (šyyr /⁠šīr⁠/, “milk”), from Proto-Iranian *xšiHrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃiɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	šīr
Dari reading?	šīr
Iranian reading?	šir
Tajik reading?	šir

• Audio (Dari):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	شیر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	шир

شیر • (šir)

1. milk

   کمی شیر اضافه کن

   kami šir ezâfe kon

   Add a little milk.

Inflection

Possessive forms of شیر (šir)
	singular	plural
1st person (“my, our”)	شیرم (širam)	شیرمان (širemân) [Term?]△ (širemun)
2nd person (“your”)	شیرت (širat) [Term?]△ (širet)	شیرتان (širetân) [Term?]△ (širetun)
3rd person (“his, her, its, their”)	شیرش (širaš) [Term?]△ (šireš)	شیرشان (širešân) [Term?]△ (širešun)
△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

• هَمشیرِه (hamšire)

Descendants

• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: शीर (śīr)

  Urdu: شیر (šīr)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “šīr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 90

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian شیر (šēr).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʃeːɾ/

Noun

شیر • (śer) m (Hindi spelling शेर)

1. lion

   Synonym: سِن٘گھ (siṅgh)

2. tiger

   Synonym: باگھ (bāgh)

Declension

Declension of شیر
	singular	plural
direct	شیر (śer)	شیر (śer)
oblique	شیر (śer)	شیروں (śerō̃)
vocative	شیر (śer)	شیرو (śerō)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian شیر (šīr).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʃiːɾ/

Noun

شِیر • (śīr) m (Hindi spelling शीर)

1. milk

   Synonym: دودھ (dodh)