どう

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See also: とう

Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Alternative spellings
如何 (uncommon)
(rare)
怎う (rare)

First cited to 1604 in the Portuguese work Arte da Lingoa de Iapam.[1]

The initial (do) may be cognate with the interrogative (do) seen in どれ (dore), どこ (doko), どち (dochi).[1]

Alternatively, possibly from older form だう (dau), much like the shift from かう (kau)こう (, like this, this way), or さう (sau)そう (, like that, that way). This shift is apparently suggested in the Arte da Lingoa de Iapam entry of Dǒxô, presumably どうしよう (dō shiyō).[1] However, the expected entries or dǒxô are missing from the 1603 Nippo Jisho.[2]

The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), using the corresponding Chinese term for the spelling and the underlying Japanese root word for the reading.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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どう (

  1. in what manner, how
    Synonym: いかが (ikaga)
    どうやったの?
    yatta no?
    How did you do it?
    どうやってもできない
    yatte mo dekinai
    can't do it no matter what
    (literally, “can't do it no matter how one does”)
    この(あと)どうする?
    Kono ato wa suru?
    What will we do after this? / What do you want to do after this?
    (literally, “After this, how will we do?”)
    どうしよう!
    shiyō!
    Oh no! What will we do now?
    (literally, “How should we do?”)
    どうしようもない
    shiyō mo nai
    can't be helped
    (literally, “has not even how to do”)
    どうだ!
    da!
    How is it, huh? (smug/triumphant)
    どうだろう。
    darō.
    I wonder.
    (けい)(かく)どうなっているのか()らない。
    Keikaku ga natteiru no ka shiranai.
    I don't know how the project is going.
  2. what about... (used to make a suggestion)
    (ちゃ)どう
    Ocha, ?
    How about some tea?
    あなたはどうですか?
    Anata wa desu ka?
    How about you? / What about you?
Usage notes
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The term is generally considered more prosaic and informal than the synonym いかが (ikaga).

Derived terms
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Interjection

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どう (

  1. Casual greeting: Howdy? What's new? What's up?
    どう?まあまあ。
    ? Māmā.
    Howdy? So-so.
  2. Casual question: It works? Is it OK?
    どう?いいんじゃない。
    ? Ii n ja nai.
    It works? Seems OK.
  3. Call out to horses or cows to control/stop them: Ho! Hoy! Whoa!

See also

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of どう – see the following entries.
S
[noun] body, torso, trunk
5
[noun] temple
[noun] shrine
[noun] hall
[prefix] magnificent (building)
S
[noun] hub (central part of a wheel)
2
[noun] Tao (the way of nature), Taoism
[noun] (chiefly historical) a region of Japan consisting of multiple provinces or prefectures
[proper noun] a surname
[prefix] Short for (ほっ)(かい)(どう) (Hokkaidō)
5
[noun] copper, Cu
H
[noun] in ancient China, a gong used in the army to signal the drumming to stop
[noun] (Buddhism) a kind of gong used at Buddhist temples
2
[prefix] same
(This term, どう (), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.)
For a list of all kanji read as どう, see Category:Japanese kanji read as どう.)

(The following entries are uncreated: , , .)

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎[1] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, relevant page here
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN