支那

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Chinese

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/3
Initial () (23) (8)
Final () (11) (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III I
Fanqie
Baxter tsye na
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇ/ /nɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛ/ /nɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕjɛ/ /nɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciə̆/ /na/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕie/ /nɑ/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕǐe/ /nɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕie̯/ /nɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhī nuó
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi1 no4

Etymology 1

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phonetic
simp. and trad.
(支那)
alternative forms 脂那
至那
芝那

From Sanskrit चीन (cīna), which in turn is likely from Old Chinese (*zin),[1][2] but other theories have been proposed, including derivation from (jìn, Jin) < Middle Chinese (t͡siɪnH) < Old Chinese (*ʔsins) (Zhengzhang, 2006), (jīng, Jing),[3] or the Zina of 夜郎 (Yèláng, Yelang).[3] Cognate with English China. See "Names of China", "Chinas" and "Shina (word)" at Wikipedia.

Proper noun

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支那

  1. (originally neutral, now derogatory and offensive) China
Usage notes
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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Sino-Xenic (支那):
  • Japanese: ()() (Shina)
  • Korean: 지나(支那) (Jina)
  • Vietnamese: Chi Na (支那)
See also
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Etymology 2

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phonetic
simp. and trad.
(支那)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Proper noun

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支那

  1. () Zhina (a township in Yingjiang, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)

References

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  1. ^ Yule, Henry (2005) Cathay and the Way Thither[1], →ISBN, pages 2–3
  2. ^ Dr M. R. Singh (1972) Geographical Data in Early Puranas, page 172
  3. 3.0 3.1 Wade Geoff (2009-05) “The Polity of Yelang and the Origin of the Name 'China'”, in Sino-Platonic Papers[2], number 188

Further reading

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Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term

Grade: 5

Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 支那 (MC tsye na), a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit चीन (cīna), itself likely deriving from Old Chinese (*zin), the name of the Qin Dynasty and the Qin state.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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()() or 支那(シナ) (Shina

  1. (prewar, often considered derogatory, offensive in modern speech, ethnic slur) China
  2. (offensive, ethnic slur) Ryukyuan people[1]

Usage notes

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The kanji spelling 支那 was more common historically, and is still encountered with some frequency when this word is used. Modern usage includes シナ in katakana. However, this term as a whole is used less frequently than in the past, due to changes in geopolitics and the use of this word as an ethnic slur.

Derived terms

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References

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Korean

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Hanja in this term

Proper noun

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支那 (Jina) (hangeul 지나)

  1. hanja form? of 지나 ((prewar, often considered derogatory in modern speech) China)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Proper noun

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支那

  1. chữ Hán form of Chi Na (China).