龜茲
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
See also: 龟兹
Chinese
[edit]phonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (龜茲) | 龜 | 茲 | |
simp. (龟兹) | 龟 | 兹 |
Etymology
[edit]First attested in the Book of Han, written in the 2nd century. Apparently corresponds to the endonym of the historical Kucha in Tocharian B *Kuśi, attested in the genitive Kuśiñ and adjective kuśiññe (“pertaining to *Kuśi”), or its more archaic variant (see Adams, 2013, which reconstructs the Proto-Tocharian *kući(ye) proto-form for the adjective). Cf. Niya Prakrit 𐨐𐨂𐨕𐨁𐨪𐨗𐨎𐨨𐨁 (kucirajaṃmi, “kingdom of Kuci”). Adams (ibid.) suggests further etymology from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“shining, white”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡ ㄘˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Cioucíh
- Wade–Giles: Chʻiu1-tzʻŭ2
- Yale: Chyōu-tsź
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chioutsyr
- Palladius: Цюцы (Cjucy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: kau1 ci4 / gau1 ci4
- Yale: kāu chìh / gāu chìh
- Cantonese Pinyin: kau1 tsi4 / gau1 tsi4
- Guangdong Romanization: keo1 qi4 / geo1 qi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/, /kɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Note: gau1 ci4 - usually avoided for euphemism.
- Middle Chinese: kjuw dzi
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷɯ zɯ/
Proper noun
[edit]龜茲
- Kucha or Kuchar (an ancient Central Asian city-state that flourished in the first millennium AD, located in modern day Aksu, Xinjiang)
Synonyms
[edit]Kategorien:
- Chinese terms derived from Tocharian B
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Tocharian
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 龜
- Chinese terms spelled with 茲