Reconstruction:Proto-Algonquian/aθemwa

This Proto-Algonquian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Algonquian

Alternative forms

• *aɬemwa (alternative orthography)
• (in compounds:) *-aʔθemw- (*aʔɬemw- (alternative orthography))

Nomen

*aθemwa

1. dog

Derived terms

• *wa·p-aʔθemwa (“white dog”)

Descendants

• Plains Algonquian:
  • Blackfoot: imitááwa
  • Arapaho: heθ ("dog”)
  • Gros Ventre: ót
  • Nawathinehena: hatam
  • Cheyenne: hótame ("dog → hound → (in compounds) small domesticated animal”)
• Central Algonquian:
  • Cree
    • Plains Cree: atim, ᐊᑎᒼ ("dog, horse”)
    • Moose Cree: ᐊᑎᒽ (atimw)
    • Swampy Cree: ᐊᑎᒻ (atim)
    • Atikamekw: atimw
    • Montagnais: atimᵘ
    • Northern East Cree: atim
    • Southern East Cree: atim
    • Naskapi: ᐊᑎᒻ (atim)
  • Menominee: anɛ·m ("dog”); anɛ·mo·hsɛh ("little dog, puppy”), anɛ·mo·hse·hsɛh ("little puppy, tiny little dog”)
  • Fox: anemôha ("dog”), Fox: anemôhêha ("little dog, puppy”)
  • Miami: alemwa ("dog”)
  • Ojibwe: animosh ("dog, dog (pejorative)”), anim ("dog (variant)”), animokaajiinh ("dog (variant)”), animoons ("dog (diminutive)”), -ay-(ish) ("someone's dog”), -asim ("dog (morpheme)”)
  • Ottawa: nim
  • Potawatomi: anumosh
• Eastern Algonquian: *arəm ("dog”)
  • Abenaki: alemos ("dog”)
  • Penobscot: a'ləmus ("dog”)
  • Mi'kmaq: lmu'j ("dog”), Mi'kmaq: lmu'ji'j ("little dog, puppy”)
  • Malecite-Passamaquoddy: olomuss ("dog”), Malecite-Passamaquoddy: olomussis ("small dog, puppy”)
  • Loup A: alùm
  • Nanticoke: alúm
  • Massachusett: anùm
  • Mohegan-Pequot: ayumohs ("little dog, puppy”)
  • Narragansett: ayím
  • Quiripi: arsúm ("dog”), arrum

References

• Cheyenne Dictionary of Fisher, Leman, Pine, and Sanchez
• Historical Linguistics 1989: Papers from the 9th International Conference on Historical Linguistics →ISBN, edited by Hendrik Aertsen and Robert J. Jeffers (1993): "PA *-a?θemwa 'dog'"
• The Languages of Native America →ISBN, edited by Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun (2014): aθemw-, aʔθemw-
• Bloomfield (1946)
• Costa, David J. (2003) The Miami-Illinois Language (Studies in the Native Languages of the Americas), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN
• Ningewance, Patricia M. Zagataagan: A Northern Ojibwe Dictionary. Anishaabemowin Ikidowinan gaa-niibidebii'igaadegin dago gaye ewemitigoozhiibii'igaadegin (2009)
• Natick Dictionary (1903), by James Hammond Trumbull pp. 246-247