Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrzati
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Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]- Per Derksen and Trubachev, a verb in *-ati correlating with the adjective *dьrzъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirs- (with secondary *-z- in Proto-Slavic of unknown origin), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥s-u-, from the root *dʰers-. Cognate with Lithuanian drį̃sti (“to dare”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽 (gadaursan, “to venture”), English dare, Lithuanian drąsùs (“courageous”), Latvian drùoss, drùošs (“courageous”), Old Prussian dirsos (“good”), dyrsos (“good, brave”), Sanskrit धृष्णु (dhṛṣṇú, “bold, strong, courageous”), Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús, “bold”).
- Per Vasmer and Chernykh, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian dir̃žnas (“strong”), dir̃žti (“to become strong, to harden”), Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”), Avestan 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬭𐬀- (dərəzra-, “strong”), 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (darəzaiieiti, “to bind”), Old Latin forctis (“strong”) (whence Latin fortis).
Verb
[edit]*dьrzati impf
- to dare
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of *dьrzati, *dьrza, *dьrzajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*dьrzanьje | *dьrzati | *dьrzatъ | *dьrzalъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *dьrzanъ | *dьrzajemъ |
Active | *dьrzavъ | *dьrzaję |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *dьrzaxъ | *dьrza | *dьrza | *dьrzajǫ | *dьrzaješi | *dьrzajetь |
Dual | *dьrzaxově | *dьrzasta | *dьrzaste | *dьrzajevě | *dьrzajeta | *dьrzajete |
Plural | *dьrzaxomъ | *dьrzaste | *dьrzašę | *dьrzajemъ | *dьrzajete | *dьrzajǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *dьrzaaxъ | *dьrzaaše | *dьrzaaše | — | *dьrzaji | *dьrzaji |
Dual | *dьrzaaxově | *dьrzaašeta | *dьrzaašete | *dьrzajivě | *dьrzajita | — |
Plural | *dьrzaaxomъ | *dьrzaašete | *dьrzaaxǫ | *dьrzajimъ | *dьrzajite | — |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: drzati ("to dare”)
References
[edit]- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “де́рзкий”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 244
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dьrzati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 136
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dьrzati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 227
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дерза́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress