Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rygati
Proto-Slavic
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀgā́ˀtei, by Winter's law from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rug-, from the root *h₁rewg-. Cognate with Lithuanian ráugėti (“to belch”), Latvian raûgâtiês (“to belch”), Lithuanian rū́gti (“to turn sour, to regurgitate acid”) (1sg. rū́giu), Latvian rûgt (“to ferment?”), Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “to vomit, to disgorge, to belch out, to discharge, to roar”), ἐρυγγάνω (erungánō, “to regurgitate”), Latin rūgiō (“to roar”) (infinitive rūgīre), ērūgō (“to belch, to disgorge noisily”) (infinitive ērūgere), ructō (“to vomit, to spit out”) (infinitive ructāre), Persian آروغ (ârôğ, “belch”), Old English rocettan (“to belch”), Old Armenian ործամ (orcam, “to belch, to vomit”).
Some descendants reflect a proto-form *rigati. Per Derksen, this form may stem from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rjūˀg-, with an analogical -j- taken from *rjauˀg-, the expected development of full-grade Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg-, as in dialectal Lithuanian riáugėti (“to turn sour”) (1sg. riáugmi).
Verb
[edit]*rygati
- to belch
Inflection
[edit]Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*ryganьje | *rygati | *rygatъ | *rygalъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *ryganъ | *rygajemъ |
Active | *rygavъ | *rygaję |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *rygaxъ | *ryga | *ryga | *rygajǫ | *rygaješi | *rygajetь |
Dual | *rygaxově | *rygasta | *rygaste | *rygajevě | *rygajeta | *rygajete |
Plural | *rygaxomъ | *rygaste | *rygašę | *rygajemъ | *rygajete | *rygajǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *rygaaxъ | *rygaaše | *rygaaše | — | *rygaji | *rygaji |
Dual | *rygaaxově | *rygaašeta | *rygaašete | *rygajivě | *rygajita | — |
Plural | *rygaaxomъ | *rygaašete | *rygaaxǫ | *rygajimъ | *rygajite | — |
Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: отъригати (otŭrigati, “to disgorge (words)”)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: ри́гам (rígam, "to belch, to vomit”) (dialectal)
- ⇒ Bulgarian: орѝгвам се (orìgvam se)
- Macedonian: рига (riga, "to belch, to vomit”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: rígati ("to belch, to throw up, to bray”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. rȋgam (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
References
[edit]- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*rygati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 441
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “рыга́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewg-
- Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Slavic lemmas
- Proto-Slavic verbs
- sla-conj with extra parameters/n
- Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-