bruk

See also: Bruk and BRUK

Gothic

Romanization

bruk

1. Romanization of 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺

Kalasha

Etymology

From Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás; compare Persian گرده (gorde).

Noun

bruk (Arabic بروُک)

1. (anatomy) kidney

Lithuanian

Alternative forms

• bruki

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [brʊk]

Verb

brùk

1. second-person singular imperative of brukti

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

Cognate with Upper Sorbian bruk and Czech brouk.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bruk/

Noun

bruk m animal (diminutive bruck)

1. beetle (insect)

Declension

Declension of bruk

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	bruk	bruka	bruki
Genitive	bruka	brukowu	brukow
Dative	brukoju	brukoma	brukam
Accusative	bruka	brukowu	bruki, brukow
Instrumental	brukom	brukoma	brukami
Locative	bruku	brukoma	brukach

Derived terms

• brucaś
• brucyk
• brucyś
• brukaś

 

Further reading

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “bruk”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999) “bruk”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Middle Low German bruk.

Noun

bruk m or n (definite singular bruken or bruket, uncountable)

1. use (noun)

Derived terms

Terms derived from bruk (Noun 1)

• brukbar
• brukskonto
• bruksområde
• gjenbruk
• misbruk
• språkbruk
• vannbruk

Noun

bruk n (definite singular bruket, indefinite plural bruk, definite plural bruka or brukene)

1. farm, works, mill, factory (industrial undertaking)

Derived terms

Terms derived from bruk (Noun 2)

• forbruk
• gårdsbruk
• hagebruk
• jordbruk
• landbruk
• melkebruk, mjølkebruk
• sagbruk
• sauebruk
• skogbruk
• småbruk

Verb

bruk

1. imperative of bruke

References

• “bruk” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /brʉːk/

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German bruk.

Noun

bruk m or n (definite singular bruken or bruket, uncountable)

1. use (noun)

Derived terms

• brukbar
• brukskonto
• bruksområde
• gjenbruk
• misbruk
• språkbruk
• voldsbruk

 

Noun

bruk n (definite singular bruket, indefinite plural bruk, definite plural bruka)

1. farm, works, mill, factory (industrial undertaking)

Derived terms

• forbruk
• hagebruk
• jordbruk
• landbruk
• mjølkebruk
• sagbruk
• sauebruk
• skogbruk
• småbruk

Etymology 2

Verb

bruk

1. imperative of bruka
2. imperative of bruke

References

• “bruk” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from German Brücke. Doublet of bryk and bryka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bruk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uk
• Syllabification: bruk
• Homophones: bróg, Bróg, Brug

Noun

bruk m inan (related adjective brukowy)

1. cobblestones (road pavement made of stones)
   • 1969, Seweryn Orzełowski, Budowa podwozi i nadwozi samochodowych‎^[1], 18th edition, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, page 379:

     Na podstawie obserwowanej eksploatacji wyznacza się [...] procentowe udziały pracy na drogach o różnych rodzajach nawierzchni (asfalt, bruk, drogi gruntowe)[...]

     On the basis of the observed exploitation one determines the percentage of action on roads with different kinds of pavement (asphalt, cobblestones, dirt roads) [...]

   • 2013 November 11, “Wyrwany bruk, rozbite samochody. Skutki zamieszek”, in Rzeczpospolita‎^[2], archived from the original on 2023-01-11:

     Policja pilnuje zniszczonej ulicy Wilczej. Leży na niej bruk, szkło i metalowe słupki.

     The police is monitoring the ruined Wilcza [Wolf] Street. On it lie cobblestones, glass, and metal poles.

   • 2021 September 11, Aleksandra Beldowicz, “Poznań stawia na rośliny w centrum miasta”, in Rzeczpospolita‎^[3], archived from the original on 2021-09-20:

     [...] władze miasta planują usuwać bruk i sadzić rośliny [...]

     [...] the city government plans to remove the cobblestones and plant plants [...]

2. (archaic) pavement of any sort

   Synonym: nawierzchnia

   • 1934 June 13, “Zamach na asfalt magistracki”, in Józef Matuszczyk, editor, ABC: pismo codzienne informuje wszystkich o wszystkiem‎^[4], number 161, Warszawa: Mazowiecka Spółka Wydawnicza, archived from the original on 2023-01-11, page 4:

     W tych dniach na ul. Gęsiej przystąpiono do naprawiania bruku asfaltowego, jednakże robotę chwilowo przerwano.

     In these days, on Gęsia [Goose] Street, the repair of the asphalt pavement was begun; however, the work was momentarily stopped.

Declension

Declension of bruk

	singular	plural
nominative	bruk	bruki
genitive	bruku	bruków
dative	brukowi	brukom
accusative	bruk	bruki
instrumental	brukiem	brukami
locative	bruku	brukach
vocative	bruku	bruki

Derived terms

adjectives

• na bruku

 

adverbs

• na bruk

 

nouns

• brukowiec

 

verbs

• sięgnąć bruku pf, sięgać bruku impf
• wyrzucić na bruk pf

 

Further reading

• bruk in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• bruk in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• bruk in PWN's encyclopedia

Swedish

Etymology

From Low German bruk (“use”), from the verb bruken (“to use”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʉːk

Noun

bruk n

2. (regular or continuous) use, usage

   Jag har inget bruk för den

   I have no use for it

   1. (in compounds) cultivation, tillage, etc. (use of soil, land, or other resources)
3. (countable, uncountable) practice (general habit of some group of people)

   seder och bruk

   customs and practices

4. a mill, a works (industrial facility for processing raw materials, usually dealing with iron, wood, or glass – especially one with a long history)

   Han jobbar på bruket

   He works at the mill

5. mortar (mixture of cement)
   • 1948, Ulf Peder Olrog, song title

     Mera bruk i baljan, boys

     More mortar in the trough, boys

   Synonym: murbruk

Usage notes

Idiomatic for using illegal drugs and certain public services – for example home care – in (sense 1).

Declension

Declension of bruk
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	bruk	bruket	bruk	bruken
Genitive	bruks	brukets	bruks	brukens

Derived terms

• bruksanvisning
• bruksindustri
• bruksort (“mill town”)
• brukspatron
• bruksmiljö
• glasbruk
• jordbruk (“agriculture”)
• järnbruk (“iron works, iron mill”)
• murbruk
• naturbruk (“natural resource use”)
• pappersbruk (“paper mill”)
• skogsbruk (“forestry”)
• vattenbruk (“aquaculture”)

Related terms

• bruka (“use”)
• brukare (“user”)
• brukbar (“usable”)
• bruklig
• obrukbar (“unusable”)

See also

• användning
• hytta
• verk

References

• bruk in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• bruk in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• bruk in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• burk

Tok Pisin

This entry has fewer than three known examples of actual usage, the minimum considered necessary for clear attestation, and may not be reliable. Tok Pisin is subject to a special exemption for languages with limited documentation. If you speak it, please consider editing this entry or adding citations. See also Help and the Community Portal.

Etymology

From English break.

Verb

bruk intrans., transitive brukim

1. (intransitive) break
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:10:

     Na wanpela wara i kamap long Iden bilong givim wara long dispela gaden. Dispela wara i bruk na i kamap 4-pela han wara

     →New International Version translation

Adjective

bruk

1. broken

Related terms

• brukim