中國

Кинески

		middle; center; within middle; center; within; among; in; while (doing sth); during; China; Chinese; hit (the mark)	country; state; nation
trad. (中國)		中	國
simp. (中国)		中	国
Literally: “middle country; central country”.

Etymology 1

Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.

Proper noun

中國

1. China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)

Usage notes

This word referred to various states and regions throughout history:

• Western Zhou Dynasty [1046–771 BCE]:

  the region controlled by the Western Zhou Dynasty, covering the Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi, as well as the basin between the Yellow River and the Luo River.

• Eastern Zhou Dynasty [770–221 BCE]:

  all of the upper reaches of the Yellow River.

• Since Qin Dynasty [221 BCE–1911 CE]:

  the land controlled by the imperial regime of the Central Plain - i.e. the ancestors of modern China.

• After the Xinhai Revolution [1911 CE]:

  shorthand for 中華民國／中华民国.

• After the founding of the People's Republic of China [1949 CE]:

  shorthand for 中華人民共和國／中华人民共和国.

Synonyms

• (China):

Nomen

中國

1. (Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government
2. (Classical) central part of a country Галицијски
3. (Classical) the Central Plain Галицијски
4. (Classical) people of the Central Plain

Synonyms

• n

• n (archaic) 國中／国中
• n 中土, 中原, 中州

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (中國):

• → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)
• → Корејски: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)
• → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)

Others:

• → Bouyei: Zungyguef
• → Енглески: Middle Kingdom (calque)
• → Фински: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)
• → Француски: Empire du Milieu (calque)
• → German: Reich der Mitte (calque)
• → Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)
• → Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)
• → Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Cuñgo)
• → Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)
• → Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ
  ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (calque)
• → Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ
  ᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)
• → Portuguese: Reino Médio (calque), Reino do Meio (calque)
• → Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)
• → Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)
  • Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)
• → Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)
• Wutunhua: zhungo
• → Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek

Etymology 2

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC ʈɨuŋ, “the central part of a country”).

Proper noun

中國

1. (～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan

Etymology 3

(Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (“borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.

Nomen

中國

1. (Buddhism) "central countries"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism

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Јапански

Kanji in this term
中	國
ちゅう Grade: 1	こく > ごく Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

За изговор и дефиниције од 中國 – види 中国. (Овај појам, 中國, је an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(Следећи унос је нестворен: 中国.)

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Корејски

Hanja in this term
中	國

Proper noun

中國 (Jungguk) (hangeul 중국)

1. Hanja form^? of 중국 (“China”).

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Вијетнамски

Hán tự in this word
中	國

Proper noun

中國

1. Hán tự form of Trung Quốc, “China”

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Zhuang

Proper noun

中國

1. Sawndip form of Cunghgoz