OVERVIEW
Home to the second largest coal reserves in the United States, Illinois is in a position to be the nation's leader in developing coal gasification projects. 1
The Illinois Clean Coal Portfolio Standard Act, signed into law January 2009, sets the stage for Illinois to usher in one of the first state-backed efforts to develop these kinds of coal power facilities. The legislation was supported by the state's coal association, utility boards, organized labor, health-care issue advocates and a number of major Illinois newspapers. Phil Gonet, president of the Illinois Coal Association, said the more than 100 billion tons of recoverable coal in Illinois amounts to more energy "than all the oil in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait." 2
Not surprising, the groups, companies and associations that stand to benefit from the Act are attempting to ensure that they have a say in how it is implemented. Most have donated heavily to legislators, especially those in leadership and powerful committee positions. In fact, lawmakers received $5 million of the $7.2 million given by these donors to candidates and party committees in 2008.
On the heels of that landmark legislation a number of energy-related companies, members of industry groups and associations (some of whom have voiced strong opposition to carbon caps and other climate-change policy) have taken an interest in the fate of six pieces of legislation making their way through the 2009 Illinois legislative process.
The legislation being considered this session – the Illinois Clean Car Act, The Illinois Energy to Jobs Act, and the Climate Action and Clean Energy Investment Act for 2009 – are aimed at establishing carbon standards, reducing emissions, setting the stage for more energy-related jobs, and revitalizing the state's economy. 3
The National Institute on Money in State Politics looked at campaign contributions made during the 2008 election cycle by two groups interested in climate-change policy. The first group includes members of 13 industry groups and associations identified as opponents to carbon caps and certain climate-change policy. The second group consists of other associations, organizations or individual companies that had either a position on the bills or a stake in their outcomes.
An analysis of the campaign finance contributions given by these two groups during the 2008 elections to Illinois state-level candidates and political party committees reveals:
- Contributors interested in climate-change policy gave $7.2 million, which accounted for 7 percent of the total contributions given to candidate and party committees in 2008.
- Members of the 13 industry groups and associations opposed to carbon regulation gave nearly $4.3 million, or 60 percent of the $7.2 million.
- All 53 lawmakers either sitting on the relevant committees hearing the bills or serving in key leadership positions received money from the interested parties.4
- On average, the four people in leadership received eight times as much as the 49 members of the pertinent committees, and almost ten times the amount received by other lawmakers.
- Leadership received $573,550 from members of the 13 industry groups and associations, and an additional $312,881 from other associations, organizations and individual companies.
- 51 committee members received nearly $1.5 million, or 20 percent of the total. $875,586 came from members of the 13 industry groups and associations, and $595,401 from other identified climate-change policy opponents.
- Associations and businesses in favor of stronger climate-change policies gave $21,450; $17,500 of that came from the Illinois Corn Growers Association.
Methodology
The National Institute on Money in State Politics analyzed campaign contributions to candidate committees and political party committees for the 2008 election cycle in Illinois.
The study looked at two groups of contributors. The first group, comprised of members of 13 industry groups and associations who were identified as opponents of carbon caps and certain climate-change policy, includes the Alliance for Energy and Economic Growth (AEEG), the American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity, and the Edison Electric Institute, along with 10 others detailed in the table titled Contributions and Number of Members by Industry Group or Association, 2008.
The second group includes a number of other associations, organizations and individual companies interested in the outcome of legislation related to climate change. Those groups include opponents of limits on carbon emissions such as automobile dealers, car and truck rental agencies, and energy and chemical companies. Other interested parties include the Chamber of Commerce, the Illinois Farm Bureau, the Illinois AFL-CIO and Auto Workers Region 4 (Illinois UAW). The second group also contains contributors from businesses and associations that favor stronger climate-change laws.
The status of the six pieces of legislation discussed here are current as of the publication date of this study.
Contributions from individuals employed by the industry groups, businesses or associations are not included in the totals. In some cases individuals are cited in the text; a separate discussion of individual donors appears later in this report.
Contributions from Industry Groups and Associations
During the 2008 election cycle in Illinois, 87 contributors who were members of one or more of the 13 industry groups and associations opposed to carbon regulation gave $4.3 million, which is 60 percent of the $7.2 million from all parties interested in climate-change policy.
Heading the list were 29 members of the Alliance for Energy and Economic Growth (AEEG), who collectively gave more than $2 million. Nine members of the American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity (ACCCE) gave $1.6 million, while eight from the Edison Electric Institute gave nearly $1.5 million.
* Because a member may belong to more than one of the groups or associations, dollar amounts may be attributed to more than one industry group or association.
Top Contributors
The top 20 energy-industry contributors accounted for 73 percent of the $7.2 million. Ten of the top contributors, which collectively gave almost $1.7 million, were not members of one of the 13 industry groups but were identified as opponents of carbon emissions limits. The ten include state-level labor organizations, automobile dealer associations, and energy and chemical companies.
* Not a member of one of the 13 industry groups or associations
2009 Legislation
The six pieces of legislation introduced to address Illinois' climate-change policy are being heard in five committees. The 16-member Senate Energy Committee is hearing HB 3854, SB 1823 and SB 1941. The 13-member Senate Executive Committee and the 9-member Senate Environment Committee is hearing SB 856. The 14-member House Environmental Health Committee is hearing HB 422. The 11-member House Executive Committee is hearing HB 3854 and HB 3668.
Of the $7.2 million given by the two groups, lawmakers received $5 million. On average, the four members of leadership received eight times as much as the 49 members of the pertinent committees, and almost ten times the amount received by other lawmakers. 5
![Interested Party Contibutions to Lawmakers, 2008](/assets/press/Reports/images/ILClimate/ContToLawmakers.png)
The Illinois Clean Car Act (SB 1941 and HB 422)
SB 1941, and its duplicate HB 422, are modeled after California's Pavley Law that calls for the reduction in the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by vehicles beginning with the 2012 model year.
Powerful industry groups claim the Illinois Clean Car Act would allow Illinois' fuel standards to be determined by California policymakers. A coalition strongly opposed to SB1941/HB422 includes the Auto Dealers Association, the Illinois AFL-CIO, Illinois UAW, the Illinois Farm Bureau and the Illinois Chamber of Commerce.
The coalition includes the Illinois Manufacturer's Association (IMA) that gave $210,925. Of that, $10,990 went to committee members hearing the legislation and $21,000 to leadership. The IMA, a member of the National Association of Manufacturers (one of the 13 industry groups and associations), claimed the bill "would increase the price of vehicles, limit choice, reduce the use of ethanol and tie Illinois' emission laws to another state."6
The Illinois Automobile Dealers' Association (IADA) gave $215,050. Members of the committees hearing the legislation received $36,950. The IADA said that adopting these standards would put Illinois in the position of "ceding its authority to a state that is vastly different and tying itself to all future regulatory changes that California makes." 7
Other groups echoed that sentiment, claiming this law would bind Illinois to California standards. The Illinois Chamber of Commerce gave $414,300 – $23,250 of which went to committee members – and called the legislation "California Emissions Standards." 8 The Chamber also gave $35,500 to legislative leaders.
The Illinois AFL-CIO opposed SB 1941. Together with the UAW, the Illinois state federation opposed HB 422, its sister version in the House. 9 The Illinois AFL-CIO gave $204,035, of which $22,684 went to committee members. The Auto Workers Region 4 (Illinois UAW) gave $241,525, with $14,025 of it going to committee members.
The Illinois Farm Bureau (IFB) gave $49,651, of which $2,000 went to Speaker of the House Michael Madigan, a Democrat. The IFB did not contribute to committee members. The organization told its members the bill would negatively impact the "availability and sale of Flexible Fuel Vehicles that run on E85."10 The Illinois Farm Bureau belongs to the American Farm Bureau Federation, which is a member of AEEG.
A number of opponents gave more to the four legislative leaders than they gave to members of the committees hearing the bill. The Illinois AFL-CIO and the Illinois Automobile Dealers' Association gave more to committee members than they gave to leadership.
* Member of one of the 13 industry groups or associations identified as opponents to carbon regulation. The Illinois Farm Bureau's parent organization is a member of the AEEG. The IMA is a member of the National Manufacturers Association.
Spotlight on Transportation Industry Contributors
Excluding the $215,050 from the Illinois Automobile Dealers Association discussed above, other transportation industry contributors (excluding the air transport industry) with a stake in the outcome of the Clean Car Act were auto dealers, trucking companies and associations, car rental businesses, and express delivery companies.
Transportation industry contributors gave $741,483, the bulk of which ($638,109) went to legislative candidate committees. Members of the Senate Energy Committee and the House Environmental Health Committee – the two committees hearing SB 1941 and HB 422 – received 21 percent ($157,205) of the $741,483.
The Chicago Automobile Trade Association (CATA) is not a member of one of the 13 industry groups or associations. CATA gave $243,774 to candidate committees, with $223,200 going to legislative candidates. Senate Energy Committee members received $18,000, but the CATA did not contribute to House Environmental Health Committee members. Legislative leaders got $42,000.
Other new and used car and truck dealers and associations gave $80,214. Nearly all of that ($69,840) went to candidate committees. Members of the Senate Energy Committee and the House Environmental Health Committee received $7,188.
Trucking companies and associations gave $121,967. Of that, $16,875 went to members of the Senate Energy Committee and the House Environmental Health Committee, and $9,750 went to legislative leaders. The top contributor in the trucking industry was the Mid-West Truckers' Association that gave $83,415.
![Top Transportation Sector Contributions to Committee Members, 2008](/assets/press/Reports/images/ILClimate/TopTransportation.png)
The Illinois Energy to Jobs Act - SB 1823 and HB 3854
The Illinois Energy to Jobs Act, introduced in the Senate as SB 1823 and in the House as HB 3854, is an Illinois Chamber of Commerce initiative, which calls for business regulations, tax credits and environmental regulations that would attract new energy projects and energy industry to the state. The Chamber believes those changes would lead to job creation and economic growth.11
The Illinois Chamber of Commerce gave $414,300, $19,750 of which went to members of the House Executive Committee and the Senate Energy Committee – the two committees hearing the bills.
The Illinois AFL-CIO supports the chamber's initiative SB 1823 and gave $204,035. Of that, $18,604 went to members of the House Executive Committee and the Senate Energy Committee. 12
The environmental policy group, Sierra Club, opposed HB 3854 13 The environmental policy organization gave $14,471 to 14 candidate committees, with only $501 going to one member of the House Executive Committee, Democrat Arthur L. Turner.
The Climate Action and Clean Energy Investment Act of 2009 – SB 856 and HB 3668
HB 3668 would create the Climate Action and Clean Energy Investment Act for 2009. This bill would establish a cap on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from large sources. A so-called "cap and trade" policy that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency defines as "a market-based policy tool … A cap and trade program first sets an aggressive cap … on emissions. Sources covered by the program then receive authorizations to emit in the form of emissions allowances, with the total amount of allowances limited by the cap." 14
The Illinois Manufacturer's Association (IMA) voiced strong opposition to HB 3668, saying the measure would result in lost jobs and industry for Illinois, and declaring their position is backed by a large coalition of opponents "ranging from business groups, labor unions, and electric generating companies…" 15
The IMA and seven other members of the National Association of Manufacturers (one of the 13 industry groups and associations) gave $277,525, with the lion's share ($210,925) coming from the IMA. Members of the three committees hearing these bills – the Senate Energy Committee, the Senate Environment Committee and the House Executive Committee – received $22,045.
Three legislative leaders received a combined $27,000, with $19,500 going to House Republican Leader Tom Cross.
Contributions to Legislative Leadership
Industry groups and association members, along with other interested parties, made significant contributions to members of leadership. House leadership in both parties accounted for 86 percent of the funds industry groups gave the leadership. Republicans in the two minority leadership positions received $452,072. The two Democratic leaders, who enjoy a majority in both chambers, received $434,359.
Former Senate President Emil Jones, Jr., who announced in August 2008 that he intended to retire, received $159,350 from contributors interested in climate-change issues. $100,400 of that came from members of the 13 industry groups and associations. Interestingly, Jones' son, Emil Jones III, who went on to win his father's seat, received no money from the industry group or association members. He did get $500 from the Illinois AFL-CIO and $250 from the Illinois Automobile Dealers Association.
Statewide Constitutional Officials
With the exception of ten candidates running in judicial elections, none of Illinois' statewide-elected officials were up for election in 2008. Four of the judicial candidates received money from contributors in one or both groups. Six incumbent statewide officials not up for election raised money, and they all received contributions from both groups. At the top of the list was then-Gov. Rod Blagojevich. Another recipient of donations from both groups was Attorney General Lisa Madigan, who was instrumental in the passage of the Clean Coal Act 16 .
* won judicial retention
Contributions to Political Party Committees
Contributions from both groups to political party committees totaled $1.1 million. The members of the 13 industry groups and associations gave 71 percent ($809,722) and favored Republican committees.
The top two contributors to party committees were utility companies and members of one or more of the 13 industry groups and associations. Ameren, a utility company, gave $187,220 — $86,000 to Democratic party committees and $101,220 to Republican party committees. ComEd, the next biggest contributor, gave $101,800, with $55,000 going to Democratic committees and $46,800 to Republican. Ameren is a member of Alliance for Energy and Economic Growth (AEEG), the American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity (ACCCE) and the Edison Electric Institute. ComEd is a member of the Edison Electric Institute.
Contributions From Individual Donors
Individual contributors identified as employees of the energy industry businesses or associations gave more than $402,000: $335,000 to candidate committees and $67,000 to political party committees. Employees of one of the 13 industry groups or associations account for $169,000 of the $427,000. Individuals opposed to certain climate-change legislation gave $168,000. Another $65,550 came from individuals in favor of stronger climate-change policies.
Eight of the top-10 individual donors gave exclusively to candidates. But the top contributing individual, Recycled Paper Greetings founder Michael L. Keiser, gave to candidate committees and state party committees.He gave $3,000 to candidate committees, $1,000 of which went to House Republican Leader Tom Cross. He also gave $50,000 to the Illinois Republican Party and $1,000 to the House Republican Organization.
Nearly one-third of the money given by individual donors went to legislative leaders and members of the committees included in this study.
* Member of Edison Electric Institute
** Member of Air Tranport Association
Additional Interested Parties
Two groups interested in climate-change policies – the Illinois Corn Growers Association, which maintains a strong position for the need for renewable fuels and the Illinois League of Conservation Voters – contributed $17,500 and $2,766 respectively. Neither have taken a public position on the six bills reviewed here.
The Illinois Corn Growers Association are proponents of alternative fuel sources. Their $17,500 went to either successful legislative candidates or lawmakers who were raising money but not up for re-election. $2,500 of it went to House Republican Leader Tom Cross.17
Appendix A: Industry Group and Association Member Contributions, 2008
Appendix B: Contributions to Senate Energy Committee Members, 2008
Member | Party | From Industry Group & Association Members | From Other Interested Contributors | Total Interested Party Contributions | Percent of Total Campaign Contributions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clayborne, Jr., James F. | Democrat | $138,909 | $54,910 | $193,819 | 18% |
Hendon, Rickey R. | Democrat | $27,516 | $60,500 | $88,016 | 20% |
Risinger, Dale E. (Minority Spokesperson) * | Republican | $39,419 | $15,200 | $54,619 | 21% |
Trotter, Donne E. | Democrat | $33,500 | $16,725 | $50,225 | 15% |
Jacobs, Mike (Chairperson) | Democrat | $35,650 | $11,800 | $47,450 | 12% |
Dillard, Kirk W. | Republican | $30,242 | $13,500 | $43,742 | 12% |
Pankau, Carole | Republican | $27,500 | $15,727 | $43,227 | 18% |
Munoz, Antonio (Tony) * | Democrat | $23,750 | $19,400 | $43,150 | 18% |
Brady, Bill | Republican | $25,850 | $17,100 | $42,950 | 7% |
Syverson, Dave * | Republican | $7,360 | $33,400 | $40,760 | 14% |
Sandoval, Martin A. | Democrat | $20,100 | $17,025 | $37,125 | 13% |
Koehler, David (Vice-Chairperson) * | Democrat | $7,950 | $11,850 | $19,800 | 17% |
Martinez, Iris Y. | Democrat | $9,600 | $9,850 | $19,450 | 3% |
Jones, John O. | Republican | $12,500 | $5,000 | $17,500 | 8% |
Noland, Michael * | Democrat | $7,700 | $4,750 | $12,450 | 9% |
Jones III, Emil | Democrat | $0 | $750 | $750 | 2% |
Total | $447,546 | $307,486 | $755,033 | 13% |
* Not up for election in 2008
Appendix C:Contributions to Senate Environment Committee Members, 2008
Member | Party | From Industry Group & Association Members | From Other Interested Contributors | Total Interested Party Contributions | Percent of Total Campaign Contributions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Harmon, Don | Democrat | $30,500 | $30,450 | $60,950 | 11% |
Risinger, Dale E. (Minority Spokesperson) * | Republican | $39,419 | $15,200 | $54,619 | 21% |
Pankau, Carole | Republican | $27,500 | $15,727 | $43,227 | 18% |
Brady, Bill | Republican | $25,850 | $17,100 | $42,950 | 7% |
Jones, John O. | Republican | $12,500 | $5,000 | $17,500 | 8% |
Hunter, Mattie | Democrat | $7,000 | $5,250 | $12,250 | 9% |
Collins, Jacqueline Y. (Jacqui) * | Democrat | $4,450 | $1,000 | $5,450 | 9% |
Garrett, Susan (Chairperson) | Democrat | $4,000 | $500 | $4,500 | 3% |
Steans, Heather (Vice-Chairperson) | Democrat | $500 | $3,589 | $4,089 | 1% |
Total | $151,719 | $93,816 | $245,535 | 10% |
* Not up for election in 2008
Appendix D:Contributions to Senate Executive Committee Members, 2008
Member | Party | From Industry Group & Association Members | From Other Interested Contributors | Total Interested Party Contributions | Percent of Total Campaign Contributions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clayborne, Jr., James F. | Democrat | $138,909 | $54,910 | $193,819 | 18% |
Hendon, Rickey R. (Vice-Chairperson) | Democrat | $27,516 | $60,500 | $88,016 | 20% |
Cullerton, John J. (Senate President) | Democrat | $46,100 | $19,000 | $65,100 | 6% |
Harmon, Don | Democrat | $30,500 | $30,450 | $60,950 | 11% |
Radogno, Christine (Senate Republican Leader) | Republican | $39,000 | $21,590 | $60,590 | 11% |
Pankau, Carole | Republican | $27,500 | $15,727 | $43,227 | 18% |
Munoz, Antonio (Tony) * | Democrat | $23,750 | $19,400 | $43,150 | 18% |
DeLeo, James A. * | Democrat | $9,550 | $29,650 | $39,200 | 7% |
Righter, Dale A. (Minority Spokesperson) * | Republican | $15,650 | $15,547 | $31,197 | 10% |
Burzynski, J. Bradley | Republican | $17,015 | $5,405 | $22,420 | 9% |
Jones, John O. | Republican | $12,500 | $5,000 | $17,500 | 8% |
Lightford, Kimberly A. * | Democrat | $11,000 | $2,790 | $13,790 | 11% |
Silverstein, Ira I. (Chairperson) | Democrat | $2,500 | $9,400 | $11,900 | 4% |
Total | $401,490 | $289,369 | $690,859 | 12% |
* Not up for election in 2008
Appendix E: Contributions to House Environmental Health Committee Members, 2008
Member | Party | From Industry Group & Association Members | From Other Interested Contributors | Total Energy Industry Contributions | Percent of Total Campaign Contributions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
McCarthy, Kevin A. (Vice-Chairperson) | Democrat | $17,250 | $9,650 | $26,900 | 22% |
Winters, Dave | Republican | $14,050 | $9,767 | $23,817 | 16% |
Stephens, Ron | Republican | $14,300 | $8,450 | $22,750 | 11% |
Hamos, Julie | Democrat | $16,250 | $5,000 | $21,250 | 5% |
Schmitz, Timothy L. | Republican | $10,895 | $10,250 | $21,145 | 8% |
Rita, Robert | Democrat | $11,995 | $6,900 | $18,895 | 8% |
Rose, Chapin | Republican | $12,600 | $4,300 | $16,900 | 10% |
Nekritz, Elaine | Democrat | $9,350 | $7,425 | $16,775 | 8% |
Tryon, Michael W. | Republican | $7,900 | $3,550 | $11,450 | 9% |
Yarbrough, Karen A. | Democrat | $7,350 | $3,600 | $10,950 | 6% |
Tracy, Jil (Republican Spokesperson) | Republican | $6,250 | $3,700 | $9,950 | 8% |
Froehlich, Paul D. | Democrat | $4,500 | $5,338 | $9,838 | 1% |
May, Karen (Chairperson) | Democrat | $2,100 | $2,100 | $4,200 | 3% |
Jakobsson, Naomi D. | Democrat | $300 | $750 | $1,050 | 2% |
Total | $135,090 | $80,780 | $215,870 | 7% |
Appendix F: Contributions to House Executive Committee Members, 2008
Member | Party | From Industry Group & Association Members | From Other Interested Contributors | Total Energy Industry Contributions | Percent of Total Campaign Contributions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turner, Arthur L. | Democrat | $30,500 | $19,038 | $49,538 | 13% |
Acevedo, Edward J. | Democrat | $26,800 | $9,350 | $36,150 | 12% |
Rita, Robert (Bob) | Democrat | $11,995 | $6,900 | $18,895 | 8% |
Brady, Dan (Republican Spokesperson) | Republican | $10,970 | $7,875 | $18,845 | 8% |
Sullivan Jr., Ed | Republican | $10,150 | $7,700 | $17,850 | 15% |
Biggins, Robert A. (Bob) | Republican | $8,575 | $8,150 | $16,725 | 14% |
Tryon, Michael W. | Republican | $7,900 | $3,550 | $11,450 | 9% |
Lyons, Joseph M. (Vice-Chairperson) | Democrat | $5,400 | $5,300 | $10,700 | 9% |
Arroyo, Luis | Democrat | $7,885 | $1,750 | $9,635 | 5% |
Burke, Daniel J. (Chairperson) | Democrat | $4,500 | $3,050 | $7,550 | 7% |
Berrios, Maria Antonio (Toni) | Democrat | $855 | $750 | $1,605 | 1% |
Total | $125,530 | $73,413 | $198,943 | 10% |
- 1. "Table: U.S. Coal Reserves by State and Type - 2007 (updated November 2008)," National Mining Association, available from http://www.nma.org/statistics/coal.asp, accessed April 5, 2009.
- 2. "Bill Signing Finalizes Year-Long Push For Clean Coal Portfolio Standard in Illinois," PR Newswire, Jan. 12, 2009, available from http://sev.prnewswire.com/oil-energy/20090112/LA5774312012009-1.html, accessed March 30, 2009.
- 3. As of this report's publication date, all six bills are still making their way through Illinois' legislative process.
- 4. Two legislative leaders, Senate President John J. Cullerton (Democrat) and Senate Republican Leader Christine Radogno, are also members of the Senate Executive Committee, one of the three senate committees included in this study.
- 5. Appendices B, C, D, E and F show contributions to committee members from industry and association members, and other contributors interested in climate-change policy on both sides of the issue. Also included is the percentage of total campaign funds that these donors represent. Legislators may be members of more than one committee. Their grand total is included in each instance.
- 6. "Springfield Highlights," Illinois Manufacturers Association, March 13, 2009, available from http://www.ima-net.org/library/highlights/sphlts031309.cfm, accessed March 27, 2009.
- 7. Automobile Dealer's Association opposition Web site available from www.NOCALEVinIL.com, accessed on March 27, 2009.
- 8. "2009 Key Legislation," Illinois Chamber of Commerce, available from http://www.ilchamber.org/government_affairs/key_legislation/key_legis_0408.html#SB1823, accessed April 5, 2009.
- 9. "AFL-CIO Bill Tracking," Illinois AFL-CIO, available from http://www.ilafl-cio.org/forms/bill_trak.pdf, accessed April 5, 2009.
- 10. "State House QuickView," Illinois Farm Bureau, April 3, 2009, available from http://www.ilfb.org/viewdocument_file.asp?did=16739&filename=QuickView-4-3-2009_16739.doc, accessed April 5, 2009.
- 11. "2009 Key Legislation," The Illinois Chamber of Commerce, available from http://www.ilchamber.org/government_affairs/key_legislation/key_legis_0408.html#SB1823, accessed April 5, 2009.
- 12. "AFL-CIO Bill Tracking," Illinois AFL-CIO, available from http://www.ilafl-cio.org/forms/bill_trak.pdf, accessed April 5, 2009.
- 13. "Energy to Jobs Act, Sierra Club Legislative Tracker," Illinois Sierra Club, available from http://illinois.sierraclub.org/legislation/HB3854.html, accessed April 9, 2009.
- 14. "Basic Information," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, available from http://www.epa.gov/captrade/basic-info.html, accessed April 14, 2009.
- 15. "Springfield Highlights," Illinois Manufacturer's Association, March 19, 2009, available from http://www.ima-net.org/library/highlights/sphlts031909.cfm, accessed on April 13, 2009.
- 16. Michael Hawthorne, "Clean Coal: Law Could Open Door To New Generation Of Coal-Burning Power Plants," Chicago Tribune, Jan. 13, 2009, available from http://archives.chicagotribune.com/2009/jan/13/local/chi-clean-coaljan13, accessed March 30,2009.
- 17. "Welcome to Illinois Corn," Illinois Corn, available from http://www.ilcorn.org/index.php, accessed on April 6, 2009.
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