Warming 2

the Bench
Using Estimation and Benchmark Percents

WARM UP LEARNING GOALS

Compute each product. • Order fractions, decimals, and percents.
• Estimate the percent of a quantity shaded in a model.
1 3 350
1. ___
10 • Use benchmark percents to calculate common percents
1 3 350 of quantities.
2. ____
100 • Estimate percents using benchmarks.
1 3 670
3. ___
10
1 3 670
KEY TERM
4. ____ • benchmark percents
100

You have used reasoning to calculate areas, volumes, decimal and fractional values, and
equivalent ratios. How can reasoning be used to solve percent problems?

LESSON 2: Warming the Bench • M2-123

 Getting Started

Putting It All in Perspective

In your opinion, what does each famous quotation or saying
really mean?

1. “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent

perspiration.”
-Thomas Edison

2. “Success is 99 percent failure.”

-Soichiro Honda

3. “You miss 100 percent of the shots you never take.”

-Wayne Gretzky

4. "Always give 110%. It's the extra 10% that everyone

remembers."
-Frank Sonnenberg

M2-124 • TOPIC 2: Percents

 AC T I V I T Y
Ordering Fractions,
2.1 Decimals, and Percents

Each student has been given a note card that contains a number
Think about all of
expressed as a fraction, decimal, or percent.
the different ways to
express your number.
As a class, order the set of numbers from least to greatest.

1. Explain the strategies used by your class to order the numbers.

Noah and Dylan were assigned the numbers 0.0¯ 6 and 0.1% but
they disagreed on which was larger. Noah says that 0.0¯ 6 is less
¯
than 0.1, so 0.06 is less than 0.1%. Dylan says that since 0.1%
is the same as as 0.001 and 0.001 is less than 0.0¯6, 0.1% is less
¯
than 0.06.

2. Who is correct? Explain your reasoning.

3. Order the numbers from least to greatest.

1 , ___
0.99, __ 3 , 70%, 4.3%, 0.81, 0.64
17 , 95%, 25%, __
9 20 8

LESSON 2: Warming the Bench • M2-125

 AC T I V I T Y
Estimating Percents from
2.2 Pictures

You know that 100% means one, or the whole, and 50% means half.
You can estimate a lot of percents when using a visual model.

A laptop computer uses an icon of a battery on the toolbar to show

how much power is left in the battery. When you glance at the icon,
you can get a good estimate of how much battery life remains before
you need to recharge the battery.

1. Estimate how much battery power remains by writing the

percent under each battery icon.

a. b. c.

Are your
estimates
the same
as your
partner's? d. e. f.

2. Estimate the shaded part of each circle shown, and write it as

a percent.

a. b. c.

M2-126 • TOPIC 2: Percents

 d. e. f.

3. Estimate the shaded part of each model, and write it as

a fraction, a decimal, and a percent. Write the fraction in
lowest terms.

a. b.

c. d.

Can I determine
the percent
shown if the
shading isn't all
together and the
parts are not all
e. f. the same size?

4. Describe the strategies that you used to make

your estimations.

LESSON 2: Warming the Bench • M2-127

 AC T I V I T Y

2.3 Benchmark Percents

A benchmark percent is a percent that is commonly used, such as

1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. With fractions and decimals,
benchmarks can be used to make estimations. With percents,
however, you can use benchmarks to calculate any whole percent
of a number.

100%

50% 50%

25% 25% 25% 25%

Remember,
you worked 20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
with the
benchmark
fractions of 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
1, and 1.
__
0, 2

1. Use the tape diagram to state each relationship.

a. How is 50% related to 100%?

b. How is 25% related to 100%? How is 25% related to 50%?

c. How is 10% related to 100%? How is 10% related to 50%?

M2-128 • TOPIC 2: Percents

2. Continue the pattern from the tape diagram to state
Remember that
each relationship.
1% = 0.01.
a. How is 5% related to 10%?

b. How is 1% related to 10%? How is 1% related to 5%?

3. Use the benchmark percents to determine each value

if 600 is 100%.

a. 50% b. 25%

c. 10% d. 5% e. 1%

LESSON 2: Warming the Bench • M2-129

 4. Use your calculator to determine the percent of each number.

a. 1% of 28 5 b. 10% of 28 5

c. 1% of 234 5 d. 10% of 234 5

e. 1% of 0.85 5 f. 10% of 0.85 5

g. 1% of 5.86 5 h. 10% of 5.86 5

i. 1% of 98.72 5 j. 10% of 98.72 5

k. 1% of 1085.2 5 l. 10% of 1085.2 5

M2-130 • TOPIC 2: Percents

 5. What patterns do you notice in your answers in Question 4?
NOTES

6. Write a rule to calculate 1% of any number.

7. Write a rule to calculate 10% of any number.

8. Use the patterns you recognized in Question 4 to calculate

each value.

a. 10% of 45.21 b. 1% of 45.21

c. 10% of 0.72 d. 1% of 0.72

e. 10% of 2854 f. 1% of 2854

LESSON 2: Warming the Bench • M2-131

 AC T I V I T Y
Determining Percents using
2.4 Benchmarks

Deciding how much tip to leave a server at a restaurant is one way

that percents are used in the real world.

Akuro eats at the Eat and Talk Restaurant and decides to leave a 15%
tip. Akuro says, “I can easily calculate 10% of any number, and then
calculate half of that, which is equal to 5%. I can then add those two
percent values together to get a sum of 15%.”

1. Is Akuro’s method reasonable?

2. How much should he leave for a tip of 15% on $16.00?

3. What is 15% of each restaurant check total given? Explain

how you calculated your answer. Round to the nearest
hundredth if necessary.

a. $24.00 b. $32.56 c. $47.00

You can determine any whole percent of a number by using 10%, 5%,
and 1%.

4. How can you use 10%, 5%, and/or 1% to determine each

percent given? Explain your reasoning.

a. 18% b. 25% c. 37%

M2-132 • TOPIC 2: Percents

5. Calculate each value using 1%, 5%, and 10%.

a. 27% of 84 b. 43% of 116

c. 98% of 389 d. 77% of 1400

e. 12% of 1248

6. About 12% of the United States population is left-handed.

Use this estimate to determine about how many left-handed
students there would be for each class of the given size.

a. 150 students
So, if 12 percent
of the U.S.
population is
left-handed,
b. 200 students what percent of
the population is
right-handed or
"both"-handed?
c. 375 students

LESSON 2: Warming the Bench • M2-133

 NOTES
TALK the TALK
Brain Weights
A chimpanzee’s brain weight can be compared to the brain
weight of other mammals. Assume that the weight of an average
chimpanzee’s brain is 400 grams. The table provides the average
brain weight of various mammals as a percent of a chimp’s
brain weight.

Lion Sheep Cat Rabbit Human Bear

Average
Brain
Weight as a
60% 35% 7% 2.5% 350% 119%
Percentage
of a Chimp’s
Brain Weight
Average
Brain Weight
(grams)

1. Order from least to greatest the brain weights of the

mammals in the table, along with the chimpanzee, based
on percents.

2. Use benchmarks to determine the average brain weights

for each animal. Show all of your work.

3. Does the order of the percents match the order of the

brain weights? Why or why not?

M2-134 • TOPIC 2: Percents

 Assignment

Write Remember
Explain how to use benchmark Benchmarks percents—1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100%—can
percents to order and estimate be used to perform mental estimation and calculation of percents.
the value of other percents. Values of benchmark percents can be added and subtracted to
calculate the value of other percents.

Practice
The students at Penncrest Middle School sold various products for a fall fundraiser. The table shows the
percent of profit the school earned and the total amount sold for each type of product.

Product Percent Profit Amount Sold

Candy 65% $6400

Wrapping paper 40% $1200

Stationery 50% $900

Calendars 25% $3120

1. Use benchmark percents to calculate the amount of profit the school earned on the sale of each product.
a. Candy
b. Wrapping paper
c. Stationary
d. Calendars

2. Suppose that the students also sold $4500 worth of pens and pencils, which earned a 42% profit.
Calculate the profit the school earned on pens and pencils.

LESSON 2: Warming the Bench • M2-135

 Stretch
Assume the weight of an average chimpanzee’s brain is 400 grams. If the average hedgehog’s brain
weight is 0.8% of a chimp’s brain weight, use benchmark percents to determine the average weight of a
hedgehog’s brain.

Review
1. Complete the table. Write each as a fraction, decimal, and percent.

Fraction Decimal Percent

3%

1.5

13
___
20

2
__
3

2. Miss Jenn is the teacher of a preschool class at Kids Unlimited Daycare. She must split the children’s time
between playing and learning. For every 30 minutes, the children will spend 18 minutes playing and
12 minutes learning. Complete the table of equivalent ratios.

Total amount of time 30 90

Playing time 18 144

Learning time 12 48

3. Use the standard algorithm to determine each quotient.

a. 8302 4 28 b. 39.13 4 4.3

M2-136 • TOPIC
LESSON2: 1:
Percents
A Trip to the Moon