Sawdust 1

Sawdust as an Admixture in making Concrete Flower Pot
Chapter 1
Einführung
A.BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Sustainable development is a very important agenda in this

century. This is where the world needs balance in maintaining
resources, energy and resolving environmental problems. For
example, the use of sand in the production of glass, electronics
and concretes causing scarcity of sand is growing. In addition to
causing eco-system disturbance, the shortage of sand has turned
sand from local product into expensive commodity. In this study,
sawdust was used partially mixture for sand in concrete flower pot
production. The application of sawdust will
reduce the usage of sand which bring the fact that it also
ecofriendly and economical than conventional concrete.
The study on mixing of sand with sawdust in making flower

pot perhaps can give positive outcomes. The sawdust
flower pot production is to reduce the sawdust waste that could
save the environment for a long term run. This is because almost
all sawmill dumped the sawdust at landfill which causing the
landfill to pile up and increased its volume day by day.
Globally, sawdust waste production is approximately

24.15 million m 3 per year and are either burnt or
landfilled causing environmental problems such as air
pollution, emission of green-house gases (GHG), and
occupation of useful land (Dan & Fan, 2015 ).
(Chowdhury,et.al 2015) cited that 70% of wood ash produced
is landfilled while 20% is used as soil supplement which
indicates gross under-utilization of wood wastes and the
environmental dangers the poor disposal and incineration
poses to man and the environment at large. With this huge
number of disposal that is , it clearly shows that sawdust
pose a huge problem to the environment .
Huge quantity of saw dust is being generated

worldwide due to the rapid urbanization. The disposal of
saw dust in open areas or landfills is not an environment
friendly solution. Upholding and replacement of existing
pavements consumes a huge amount of budgets of
transportation departments in every country of the world.
Methods for reducing the cost of construction and
lengthening pavement life can help in better maintain the
road network on limited budgets.(Butt et.al 2016)
This study aims to reduce the sand usage and wood

residues in concrete flower pot mix which eventually
reduce the production cost. Besides, when the usage of
sand is reduced, the overall cost of production also can
be deducted as sawdust can be obtained
cheaply at sawmill or sometimes with cost-free.
The use of sawdust in flower pot production is

doubtful because of its easy to decompose properties.
However, there have been many studies conducted to test
the properties and abilities of this sawdust for use in
concrete production. The results of the study have shown
that sawdust has unique characteristics and is competitive
with other building materials.
Philippines are abundant in natural

resources, natural resources coming from water and
land. It has become the livelihood of many
Filipinos. There are many furniture making
establishments that make use of woods coming from
the forest. Cutting these woods using mechanical
equipment generates residues. Burning these woods
in factory furnaces will also generate residues.
Since Philippines are one of the countries who

widely used concrete in construction, these
residues may turn into something useful. Concrete
is a brittle material, it is high in compression
strength but less in tensile strength and the
tendency of the concrete is to crack. These
residues include waste wood ash and saw dust that
can be added to enhance the concrete’s workability.
B.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aimed to investigate the

properties and abilities of the admixture of
sawdust to concrete from the commercial concrete.
This study intend to answer the following

Questions:
1. What will be the effect in durability and
consistency in the flower pot mixture if saw
dust is mixed?
2. Would the mixing of sawdust affect the
hardness and durability of the concrete?
3. Is there any significance difference in terms
of compatibility between the plain concrete
flower pot and concrete flower pot containing
the mixture of sawdust?
C.HYPOTHESIS
There is no significant difference in
H02
terms of strength between the plain concrete flower
pot and concrete containing the mixture of sawdust.
D.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Success of this study would benefit the following:

1. Community- Help lessen the scarcity of sand in
the community by using sawdust waste as an
admixture for flower pot making.
2. Carpenters- Help them know the negative effect
from sawdust in the environment and inform
them how to make use of the waste sawdust.
3. Students- This will provide necessary

information that students of Civil Engineering
can be used in their future research. This
will also encourage others to study other
alternative materials that can be used in
construction.
4. Future Researcher- The study would help them
as their reference in conducting similar study
of how can sawdust be use as an admixture with
sand in concrete mix.
E. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
This research aims to study the

possibility of using saw dust as admixture and
study the behavior of the concrete flower pot, its
durability and its resistance.
F. TERMS AND DEFINITION
Sawdust- Sawdust (or wood shavings) is a by-product

or waste product of woodworking operations such as
sawing, milling, planning, routing, drilling and
sanding. It is composed of fine particles of wood.
Concrete- a heavy, rough building material made

from a mixture of broken stone or gravel, sand,
cement, and water, that can be spread or poured
into molds and that forms a mass resembling stone
on hardening.
Sand- a loose granular substance, typically pale

yellowish brown, resulting from the erosion of
siliceous and other rocks and forming a major
constituent of beaches, riverbeds, the seabed, and
deserts.
Admixture- a mixture, something mixed with

something else, typically as a minor ingredient.
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Sand may be the scarce resource that's key

to economic development in the 21st century. Just
as fluctuations in oil prices shaped the economic
prospects of nations in the 20th century, sand
could do the same now — with increased prices
triggering economic losses and valleys leading to
economic booms(Brown,2019). We use sand as a key
ingredient in the production of glass, electronics and –
most importantly – concrete, but the growing need for
construction materials means in some parts of the world,
supplies of sand are dwindling rapidly(Gabbatiss,2017).
Researchers from National University of Singapore have
discovered a way to make use of the saw dust: turning them
into a concrete admixture which helps enhance building
structures. The method essentially creates biochar,
usually employed in the agricultural industry as soil
amendment to improve crop yield. With its good water
absorption and retention properties, professors and
students from the Department of Building at NUS School of
Design and Environment innovated biochar by producing one
from saw dust with applications in building
construction(Aguirre,2019).
Another research was conducted as cited by(Ahmad
et al. 2017) Sawdust is considered a waste material and a
number of innovative ways are being taken to mitigate its

effects on the environment. The use of sawdust as
additional admixture in cement-sand brick production is an
alternative option to mitigate the problem.
A study of (Janarthanan, 2017) uses sawdust to
replace fine aggregate and also to analyze the effect of
sawdust concrete in terms of wokability,adhesion of
aggregates and etc. The result indicate that both the
density and the compressive strength may decrease with
respect to the sawdust mixed in the concrete. The sawdust
can be used as an aggregate in both non-structural
lightweight concrete and structional concrete.
A major use of sawdust is for particleboard; coarse
sawdust may be used for wood pulp. Sawdust has a variety
of other practical uses, including serving as a mulch, as
an alternative to clay cat litter, or as a fuel. Sawdust
is used in the manufacture of charcoal briquettes. The
claim for invention of the first commercial charcoal
briquettes goes to Henry Ford who created them from the
wood scraps and sawdust produced by his automobile
factory(Wikipedia,2019)
The ideas presented of the review are relevant to
the new study since it discussed the usefulness and
strength of sawdust as an admixture. However, the
production of flower pot with the use of sawdust as an

admixture is not yet explored. The result of this study
could best serve the fast urbanization of the the
community and helps lessen the scarcity of sand

Chapter 3
Methodology
A.Materials and Equipment
The primary material use in this study which is the
sawdust and were collected in barangay Tag-
abaca,Basilisa,Dinagat Islands.Using the sack and store
it,then prepare the weighting scale and measure 3kg of
sawdust that were collected and then weight 3kg of cement
and ½ kg of sand.
After weighting all of the main material prepare to
mix it all together. For the first set-up 1kg of cement
and ½ kg of sand is being use, using the shovel the cement
and sand is being mix.After the mixing process place the
mixture in the molding tools to mold it like a shape of
flower pot and let it dry under the sun.
For the third set-up 1kg of sawdust and 1kg of cement
is being use, the same procedure in the first set-up is
being done.And for the third set-up 1kg of sawdust and 1kg
of cement and ½ kg of sand is being use with the same
procedure being mentioned above.
The first set-up was the control and the two set-up
is the exeperiment.To test the strength, durability and
resistency of the two object that is being compared with
the control group. The result of the experiment conducted

shows that using sawdust as an admixture for making flower
pot is effective and the strength,durability and
resistency of the two sawdust mix flower pots has no
difference with the normal mix of flower pot.
FLOW-CHART
COLLECT THE SAWDUST WASTE
MEASURE THE WEIGHT OF SAWDUST,SAND AND CEMENT
PREPARATION FOR THE MIXING OF THREE SET-UP
TESTING THE THREE SET-UP
GATHER THE RESULTS

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Sawdust as an Admixture in making Concrete Flower Pot

A.BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Sustainable development is a very important agenda in this

The study on mixing of sand with sawdust in making flower

Globally, sawdust waste production is approximately

Huge quantity of saw dust is being generated

This study aims to reduce the sand usage and wood

The use of sawdust in flower pot production is

Philippines are abundant in natural

Since Philippines are one of the countries who

B.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to investigate the

This study intend to answer the following

D.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Success of this study would benefit the following:

3. Students- This will provide necessary

E. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This research aims to study the

F. TERMS AND DEFINITION

Sawdust- Sawdust (or wood shavings) is a by-product

Concrete- a heavy, rough building material made

Sand- a loose granular substance, typically pale

Admixture- a mixture, something mixed with

Sand may be the scarce resource that's key

Researchers from National University of Singapore have

discovered a way to make use of the saw dust: turning them

into a concrete admixture which helps enhance building

structures. The method essentially creates biochar,

usually employed in the agricultural industry as soil

amendment to improve crop yield. With its good water

absorption and retention properties, professors and

students from the Department of Building at NUS School of

Design and Environment innovated biochar by producing one

from saw dust with applications in building

Another research was conducted as cited by(Ahmad

et al. 2017) Sawdust is considered a waste material and a

number of innovative ways are being taken to mitigate its

additional admixture in cement-sand brick production is an

alternative option to mitigate the problem.

A study of (Janarthanan, 2017) uses sawdust to

replace fine aggregate and also to analyze the effect of

sawdust concrete in terms of wokability,adhesion of

aggregates and etc. The result indicate that both the

density and the compressive strength may decrease with

respect to the sawdust mixed in the concrete. The sawdust

can be used as an aggregate in both non-structural

lightweight concrete and structional concrete.

A major use of sawdust is for particleboard; coarse

sawdust may be used for wood pulp. Sawdust has a variety

of other practical uses, including serving as a mulch, as

an alternative to clay cat litter, or as a fuel. Sawdust

is used in the manufacture of charcoal briquettes. The

claim for invention of the first commercial charcoal

briquettes goes to Henry Ford who created them from the

wood scraps and sawdust produced by his automobile

The ideas presented of the review are relevant to

the new study since it discussed the usefulness and

strength of sawdust as an admixture. However, the

production of flower pot with the use of sawdust as an

could best serve the fast urbanization of the the

community and helps lessen the scarcity of sand

A.Materials and Equipment