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Types of Fabrics
Types of Fabrics
There are 3 types of fabrics like Woven fabric, Knit fabric & Non-woven fabric.
In textile industry, woven fabrics are made by using two sets of yarn by interlacing among them. One set of
yarn is known as warp yarn another one is weft yarn. The total process of producing woven fabric is known
as weaving. Woven fabric may produce from hand loom or power loom. Shirt, trouser, denim etc. are the
example of woven fabric. Woven fabrics are generally more durable. They can be easily cut into different
shapes and are excellent for producing styles in garments. Woven fabrics are manufactured in different
widths depending on the end use. The fabrics used for apparels usually contain 90 cms width. The Sheeting
materials are generally made having a width of 160 cm/140cms and 150cms/180 cms.
i. Buckram Fabric
a. It is a stiff coated fabric made from a lightweight loosely
woven fabric, impregnated with adhesives and fillers. This
fabric is used as interfacing so as to provide support and
shape retention to necklines, collars, belts, cuffs, waistbands,
button closures etc in garments. They are also used as
reinforcements for handbags and other articles.
iii. Casement Fabric
a. Casement is a medium weight cotton fabric made of closely
packed thick warp yarns. Generally, it is used for curtains,
table linen, upholstery and rarely used for dresses.
vi. Chintz Fabric
Chintz is a medium weight, plain woven cotton yarn. It is often given
a glazed finish which may be temporary or semi-permanent glazed
chintz are available in solid colour as well as printed with floral
prints. These are often made from blends of cotton and polyester or
rayon. They are used for skits, dresses, blouses, pyjamas, aprons,
and draperies.
vii. Corduroy Fabric
It is a cut pile fabric available in solid colours. The cut pile fibres are
seen in the form of ribs on the surface. It is mainly used for pants,
jeans, and shirts.
viii. Crepe Fabric
A silk fabric is originally characterized by a crinkle, puckered surface
formed by highly twisted yarns in the warp or weft or both. By using
ordinary yarns similar crepe effects can also be produced. Synthetic
fabrics also impart crepe effect finish. It is used for sarees, shirts,
women and children’s dresses.
ix. Denim Fabric
It was traditionally a yarn dyed, warp-faced cotton twill fabric. Warp
is usually coloured (mostly blue, maroon, green and brown) and weft
is white. This fabric is made of two weights for sportswear and
overalls. Its use as jeans has made it very popular and so the nature
of denim is also changed to suit the trend. It is often napped, printed
and made with stretch yarn.
x. Drill Fabric
It is a warp-faced twill woven fabric. It has a stiff finish. Originally it
was produced in white and now it is available in solid colours. It is
mainly used for pants, knickers, and uniforms.
xi. Flannel Fabric
Flannel is a woollen fabric woven in plain or twill weave having the
characteristic soft handle. It looks like a bulky fabric due to the
milling that is usually done to this fabric. Flannel fabric is used for
suits and pants and infant’s clothing.
This fabric is popular as cleaning fabric due to its extreme softness.
This is also used to protect children from the cold atmosphere.
xii. Gabardine Fabric
Gabardine is a closely woven, clear finished warp-faced twill fabric. It
contains a number of warp yarns than weft yearns and also more
durable. It is usually woven in 2/1 or 2/2 twill and has a raised
diagonal twill effect on the right side. It largely used for raincoats,
suitings, and sportswear.
xiii. Georgette Fabric
Georgette is a sheer lightweight fabric, woven in plain weave. It has a
characteristic rough texture produced by hard twisted ply, yarns both
in warp and weft. Originally it was made in silk, but today it is
produced in rayon and polyester too. It’s mainly suitable for women’s
evening wear.
xv. Khadi Fabric
Khadi is a term used for a wide variety of fabrics that are hand spun
and hand woven. They are produced in mainly one cotton fibre,
blends of two or more fibres. They are known for durability and
simplicity. The fabrics can be suitings dhoties overalls and household
textiles.
xvi. Lawn Fabric
The lawn is a fine sheet, lightweight, crisp fabric either made of
cotton or linen. Various finishes are given to this fabric, in which the
fabric is called by the name of the finish. It is mainly used as lining in
a dress.
xvii. Mulmul Fabric
It is an Indian term generally applied to fine cotton fabric slightly
heavier, than muslin. These are often printed fabrics. They find use
as sarees.
xviii. Muslin Fabric
Muslin is a lightweight open cloth of plain weave. It may be used as
grey or bleached and dyed. It is used as household textiles and dress
materials. The name is derived from the city of Mosul where the
fabric was first made.
It is a very light and open tabby (plain) weave fabric used
for summer dresses and utility use. At first, the cloth was not always
plain but could also have silk and gold thread woven into it. As the
ability to spin yarns of greater fineness developed cotton was used
more readily than silk. In this muslin, the motif weaves in and out of the cloth, as if it has been
embroidered. In the Madras net, the motif is predominately woven on the surface.
xix. Poplin Fabric
Poplin is a medium weight, the cotton fabric having a fine weft rib. it
is generally used for shirting, dresses, and upholstery.
xx. Sheeting Fabric
These are primarily used for bed coverings. They are medium weight,
closely woven fabrics woven either in plain or twin weave. Sheeting
fabrics are made in different widths. High-quality cotton sheetings are
made in plain weave with a width of 64″ x 58″ and in a twill weave
with a width of 60″x72″.
xxi. Taffeta Fabric
Taffeta is a smooth, crisp, transparent fabric having a fine rib.
Originally it is made with silk fibres but now it is also made of rayon.
It has a characteristic finish which produces crispness. It is used as
women’s evening wear.
xxii. Tissue Fabric
It is a fine fabric either made of silk or man-made fibre. They are
characteristically interwoven with gold or silver threads. It is
produced in rich colours and they are used as women’s dress
material, sarees etc.
xxiii. Velvet Fabric
It is a warp cut pile fabric, originally made from silk. It is also
produced in Rayon. The dense cut pile makes it very soft and
lustrous. It is used as dress materials for women and children. It is
also produced with special high twisted yarns which are single or ply
yarns. Based on the yarns used and twist given, they are named as
semi violes (single yarns1x1) full voiles. (ply yarns 2×2) or half voile
(double in warp and single in weft 2×1).
xxiv. Mousseline Fabric
A term used to denote very fine clear fabrics, finer than muslins.
Made of silk, wool or cotton, the weave structure is either (plain)
tabby or two and one twill. In the 18th century, the British term
referred to a fine cloth with a cotton warp and a worsted weft. In
France, from the late 18th century onwards mousseline-delaines
were made of very fine wool which was printed in beautiful designs.
This fabric proved very popular for fashionable as dress and shawl
fabrics. The mousseline cloth is so fine and transparent it is often
found backed with another cloth of either a satin or taffeta silk.
xxvi. Leno Fabric
A fabric in which an open effect is created by causing certain thread
ends or doup threads to cross over. Two threads or ends act as one
thread; when a weft thread passes between them, the doup ends
twist catching the weft and holding it tightly in place. Very fancy and
beautiful clothes can be produced by combining the cross weaving,
with other weave structures.
xxvii. Aertex Fabric
A trade name for a cloth patented in Britain in 1886, which was first
manufactured in 1888. The cloth traps air in between its structure,
keeping the body cool in summer, and warm in winter. Two threads
or ends act as one thread; when a weft thread passes between
them, the doup ends twist catching the weft and holding it tightly
in place. Very fancy and beautiful clothes can be produced by
combining the cross weaving with other weave structures.
Knit fabrics have produced by using one set of yarn by inter-looping. The whole process of knit fabric
manufacturing is termed as knitting. It is done in knitting factory by using circular knitting machine or flat
knitting machine. T-shirt, Polo shirt, inner wear or leggings are the example of knit fabric.
Purl Knit is made by knitting yarn as alternate knit and purl stitch in
one wale of the fabric. The fabric has alternate courses of knit stitch
and purl stitch. The fabric is reversible and identical on both sides of
the fabric. The fabric does not curl and lies flat. It is more stretchable
in length direction.
o Cardigans
Cardigans are a variation of Rib Knit with half Cardigan and Full Cardigan varieties. The fabric has
specific patterns of tuck stitches. These produce a raised effect and hence, cardigans are a thicker
fabric.
Half Cardigan
The Half Cardigan is made of one course of all knit on both needle beds and second
course of all knit on front needles and all tuck on back needles. The tuck loops present in
the fabric reduce the stretch in width direction. It is not reversible fabric. They are
generally coarsely knitted and used for making pullovers and sweaters.
Full Cardigan
The Full Cardigan is made of a repeat of one course of all knit on front needles and all
tuck on back needles, the second course of all tuck on front needles and all knit on back
needles. Full Cardigan looks identical on both sides. Excessive tuck loops make the fabric
bulky and thick. It is usually knitted in coarser gauge and widely used in making sweaters
and fashion garments. Cardigans are usually made of Wool or Acrylic.
o Milano Ribs
Milano Ribs are a variant of Rib Knit with half Milano and full Milano variations. The fabric has
specific patterns of knitting and misses.
Half Milano
Half Milano is made of a repeat of one course of all knit on both needle beds and second
course of all knit on front needles only. It has an unbalanced structure. It is usually
knitted coarse gauge and widely used for making sweaters.
Full Milano
Full Milano is made of a repeat of one course of all knit on both needle beds, the second
course of all knit on front needles only and the third course of all knit on back needles
only. Full Milano is finely knitted fabric and has better coverage. It has greater
dimensional stability than half Milano rib. It is widely used as suiting fabrics.
Combinations of stitches, or
Combinations of yarn types in terms of color textures etc.
Jacquard fabrics have different colored loops made of different threads in the same ourse. Floats are an
inherent feature of single jersey jacquards. They are widely used in the sweater industry.
It can be defined as the textile structure made directly from the fibre rather than yarn. These types of
fabrics are normally made from the fibre webs or from the continuous filaments or batts strengthened by
bonding using different techniques. These include adhesive bonding, fluid jet entanglement or mechanical
interlocking by needing, stitch bonding and thermal bonding.
Non-Woven Fabric
According to ASTMD,
A textile structure is produced by interlocking or bonding of fibres or both accomplished by chemical,
mechanical or solvent means and combination is known as non-woven fabric.
5. Difference between Knit Fabric and Woven Fabric?
Sl.N
Knit Fabric Woven Fabric
o.
01 Produced by using one set of yarn. It is produced by using two sets of yarn.
02 It has higher elastic properties. Elastic properties not more than knit fabric.
03 It needs less labor cost during Higher labor cost than knit fabric manufacturing.
manufacturing.
04 It is comfortable to put on. It is not more comfortable than knit fabric.
05 It has high extensibility properties. It has lower extensibility characteristics.
06 Knit fabric has higher recovery Woven fabric has lower recovery properties.
characteristics.
07 It has no dimensional stability. Woven fabric has dimensional stability.
08 Finishing is advantageous in knit fabric. In case of woven fabric, finishing is not advantageous.
09 It requires stretch stiches, like zig zags. It is easy to sew on and feed through a sewing
machine.
10 Wrinkle resistant. Hold a crease well.
11 No seam finish is required. Requires seam finishing, like serging, to prevent ravel.
12 Edges curl and some knits run. Edges are prone to ravel.
13 Cool and breathable. Thick and wind resistant.
14 Most stretch is either in the cross grain or Most stretch is always on the bias (diagonal stretch).
the bias.
15 Mold and fit the contours of the body Look good with pleats and sharp corners.
better.
Classification of Fabric
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There are mainly three types of fabric, which are in the below:
Woven fabric,
Knit or knitted fabric,
Non-woven fabric.
All the above fabrics have explained in the following:
Woven fabric:
The fabrics which are produced by interlacing two sets of yarn i.e. war yarn and weft yarn by in is termed
as woven fabric.
Non-woven Fabric:
This type of fabric is produced by connecting yarn with gummy or bonded materials.