Cell Biology: MGMP Biologi Smak Frateran Surabaya

CELL BIOLOGY
Cell biology is the study of cell structure and function, and it

revolves around the concept that the cell is the fundamental unit of
life. Focusing on the cell permits a detailed understanding of the
tissues and organisms that cells compose. Some organisms have only
one cell, while others are organized into cooperative groups with
huge numbers of cells. On the whole, cell biology focuses on the
structure and function of a cell, from the most general properties
shared by all cells, to the unique, highly intricate functions particular
to specialized cells.
MGMP BIOLOGI SMAK FRATERAN SURABAYA

Henrika Dwi Hendrastuti, S.Si. +62 813-3063-6767
Veronica Ervina Pudjiastuti , S.Si. +62 857-3094-4488
Christina Handoyo, S.Si +62 838-3061-4100
The starting point for this discipline might be considered the
1830s. Though scientists had been using microscopes for centuries,
they were not always sure what they were looking at. Robert
Hooke's initial observation in 1665 of plant-cell walls in slices of cork
was followed shortly by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's first
descriptions of live cells with visibly moving parts. In the 1830s two
scientists who were colleagues — Schleiden, looking at plant cells,
and Schwann, looking first at animal cells — provided the first clearly
stated definition of the cell. Their definition stated that that all living
creatures, both simple and complex, are made out of one or more
cells, and the cell is the structural and functional unit of life — a
concept that became known as cell theory.
As microscopes and staining techniques improved over the

nineteenth and twentieth centuries, scientists were able to see more
and more internal detail within cells. The microscopes used by van
Leeuwenhoek probably magnified specimens a few hundredfold.
Today high-powered electron microscopes can magnify specimens
more than a million times and can reveal the shapes of organelles at

the scale of a micrometer and below. With confocal microscopy a
series of images can be combined, allowing researchers to generate
detailed three-dimensional representations of cells. These improved
imaging techniques have helped us better understand the wonderful
complexity of cells and the structures they form.
There are several main subfields within cell biology. One is the
study of cell energy and the biochemical mechanisms that
support cell metabolism. As cells are machines unto themselves, the
focus on cell energy overlaps with the pursuit of questions of how
energy first arose in original primordial cells, billions of years ago.
Another subfield of cell biology concerns the genetics of the cell and
its tight interconnection with the proteins controlling the release of
genetic information from the nucleus to the cell cytoplasm. Yet
another subfield focuses on the structure of cell components, known
as subcellular compartments. Cutting across many biological
disciplines is the additional subfield of cell biology, concerned
with cell communication and signaling, concentrating on the
messages that cells give to and receive from other cells and

themselves. And finally, there is the subfield primarily concerned
with the cell cycle, the rotation of phases beginning and ending with
cell division and focused on different periods of growth and DNA
replication. Many cell biologists dwell at the intersection of two or
more of these subfields as our ability to analyze cells in more
complex ways expands.
In line with continually increasing interdisciplinary study, the

recent emergence of systems biology has affected many biological
disciplines; it is a methodology that encourages the analysis of living
systems within the context of other systems. In the field of cell
biology, systems biology has enabled the asking and answering of
more complex questions, such as the interrelationships of gene
regulatory networks, evolutionary relationships between genomes,
and the interactions between intracellular signaling networks.
Ultimately, the broader a lens we take on our discoveries in cell
biology, the more likely we can decipher the complexities of all living
systems, large and small.


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CELL BIOLOGY

Cell biology is the study of cell structure and function, and it

MGMP BIOLOGI SMAK FRATERAN SURABAYA

As microscopes and staining techniques improved over the

MGMP BIOLOGI SMAK FRATERAN SURABAYA

MGMP BIOLOGI SMAK FRATERAN SURABAYA

In line with continually increasing interdisciplinary study, the

MGMP BIOLOGI SMAK FRATERAN SURABAYA

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