6 PPT - ANT 101 - World System and Colonialism
6 PPT - ANT 101 - World System and Colonialism
• The British shared the exploration of the New World with the
Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Dutch. The British by and
large left Mexico, along with Central and South America, to
the Spanish and the Portuguese.
• Ireland in 1949.
• Today, the ties that remain between Britain and its former
colonies are mainly linguistic or cultural rather than
political (Cody 1998).
Neocolonialism
Colonial domination had established patterns of
economic exploitation that continued even after
nationhood was achieved—in part because
former colonies were unable to develop their
own industry and technology. Their dependence
on more industrialized nations, including their
former colonial masters, for managerial and
technical expertise, investment capital, and
manufactured goods kept former colonies in a
subservient position. Such continuing
dependence and foreign domination are referred
to as neocolonialism .
Neoliberalism
While globalization means the flows of
technology, media, people, ideas, and finance
(Appadurai, 1996), neoliberalism signifies
structural adjustment, such as the privatization
of public property and other necessary
overhauling of the state to facilitate these flows.
Global Inequality
• Inequality in life chances In the world today, there
differentiates nations are not only rich and poor
around the world. people but also rich and
• Simple measures of well- poor countries. Some
being reveal consequences countries are well-off ,
of a global system of some countries are doing
inequality: so-so, and a growing
number of countries are
– life expectancy
poor and getting poorer.
– infant mortality
– access to health services
World Bank Income Index 2017
Global Inequality Index
• GDP, GNP
• MDG, SDG
• HDI (life expectancy, education, and per capita)
• Wellbeing index
• First world, second world, third world
• North-South divide
• East-West divide (Orient/Occident)
• Developed, developing, least developed,
underdeveloped
• Modern, traditional
• Most livable, least livable city
• Most corrupt, least corrupt
• Doing business report
• Core, semi-periphery, periphery
Race and Global Inequality
• Labor migration from poor to rich
• Skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled labor
• Structural racism
• White-collar, blue-collar, pink-collar work
• Sweatshop/factory
• Pre-industrial, industrial, post-industrial
• Standard working hour
• Wage, salary, compensation
Theories of Global Inequality
• Modernization theory
• Dependency theory
• World System theory
Modernization Theory
• Economic development is a process by which
traditional societies become more complex.
• To develop, countries must embrace new
technologies and market driven values.
• Poverty results from adherence to traditional
values and customs that prevent competition
in a modern global economy.
Walt Whitman Rostow’ s economic growth model
Dependency theory
Dependency Theory (cont.)
• Disputes that economic growth is the key to meeting
important human needs in societies.
• Argues that the poor nations are caught in a cycle of
structured dependency on the richer nations.
• Most often applied to the newly industrializing
countries.
• SAP (Structural Adjustment Plan)
• Neoliberalization
• Neocolonialization
• IMF, WB, WTO
• MNCs, INGOs, NGOs
What is world system?
Poverty Results from adherence to Results from the dependence Is the result of core nations
traditional values and of low-income countries on extracting labor and natural
customs that prevent wealthy nations resources from peripheral
societies from nations
competing in a modern
global economy
Social Change Involves increasing Is the result of neocolonialism Leads to an international division of
complexity, and the expansion of labor that increasingly puts
differentiation, and international capitalism profit in the hands of a few while
efficiency exploiting those in the poorest and
least powerful nations