6 PPT - ANT 101 - World System and Colonialism

The World System and Colonialism
Chapter: 14 (Kottak) and Beyond.
Dr. Md. Harisur Rahman

Assistant Professor
Dept. of Political Science and Sociology
Objectives
• How do colonialism, communism, neoliberalism,
development, and industrialization exemplify
intervention philosophies?
• When and how did European colonialism develop and

how is its legacy expressed in postcolonial studies?
• When and why did the world system develop, and

what is it like today?
• Global inequality and more

Colonialism in action
A British merchant
being carried by a
barefoot Sikkimese
woman in West Bengal,
India . 1903
A ‘memsahib’ in a basic sedan chair in 1895
On January 1, 1900, a British officer in India receives a pedicure from a servant.
A family of semi-
starved Indians who
have arrived in
Calcutta in search of
food, during the
famine of 1943
The Koh-i-
Noor stone in
the Queen
Mother's crown
Colonialism
• Colonialism occurs when a foreign power
maintains political, social, economic, and
cultural domination over a people for an
extended period. In simple terms, it is rule by
outsiders.
• Expansion of business was one of the key
facilitating figure of colonialism. This process
accelerate the imperialism.
• Imperialism: Imperialism refers to a policy of

extending the rule of a country or empire over
foreign nations and of taking and holding
foreign colonies.
Colonialism
• Colonialism occurs when a foreign power
maintains political, social, economic, and
cultural domination over a people for an
extended period. In simple terms, it is rule by
outsiders.
• Expansion of business was one of the key
facilitating figure of colonialism. This process
accelerate the imperialism.
• Imperialism: Imperialism refers to a policy of
extending the rule of a country or empire over
foreign nations and of taking and holding
foreign colonies.
Colonialism and Imperialism
• There are some key difference between these
two terms:
– Imperialism is the idea or policy of extending

political and economic dominance over another
country where, colonialism is the practice.
– Movement of people: For example people from

Britain move from the UK and settled in various
countries i.e., USA, Australia, Canada and India.
– Imperialism is ruling a colony from outside by

creating an empire by extending into the
enamouring regions.
British Colonialism
• At its peak about 1914, the British empire covered a fifth of
the world’s land surface and ruled a fourth of its population
(see Figure 14.2).
• The British shared the exploration of the New World with the
Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Dutch. The British by and
large left Mexico, along with Central and South America, to
the Spanish and the Portuguese.
• The end of the Seven Years War in 1763 forced a French

retreat from most of Canada and India, where France
previously had competed with Britain (Cody 1998; Farr 1980).
• The American revolution ended the first stage of British

colonialism. A second colonial empire, on which the “sun
never set,” rose from the ashes of the first. Beginning in 1788,
but intensifying after 1815, the British settled Australia.
Fall of British Colonialism
• World War II
• Nationalist Movements for independence.
• India became independent in 1947.
• Ireland in 1949.
• Decolonization in Africa and Asia accelerated during the

late 1950s.
• Today, the ties that remain between Britain and its former
colonies are mainly linguistic or cultural rather than
political (Cody 1998).
Neocolonialism
Colonial domination had established patterns of
economic exploitation that continued even after
nationhood was achieved—in part because
former colonies were unable to develop their
own industry and technology. Their dependence
on more industrialized nations, including their
former colonial masters, for managerial and
technical expertise, investment capital, and
manufactured goods kept former colonies in a
subservient position. Such continuing
dependence and foreign domination are referred
to as neocolonialism .
Neoliberalism
While globalization means the flows of
technology, media, people, ideas, and finance
(Appadurai, 1996), neoliberalism signifies
structural adjustment, such as the privatization
of public property and other necessary
overhauling of the state to facilitate these flows.
Global Inequality
• Inequality in life chances In the world today, there
differentiates nations are not only rich and poor
around the world. people but also rich and
• Simple measures of well- poor countries. Some
being reveal consequences countries are well-off ,
of a global system of some countries are doing
inequality: so-so, and a growing
number of countries are
– life expectancy
poor and getting poorer.
– infant mortality
– access to health services
World Bank Income Index 2017
Global Inequality Index
• GDP, GNP
• MDG, SDG
• HDI (life expectancy, education, and per capita)
• Wellbeing index
• First world, second world, third world
• North-South divide
• East-West divide (Orient/Occident)
• Developed, developing, least developed,
underdeveloped
• Modern, traditional
• Most livable, least livable city
• Most corrupt, least corrupt
• Doing business report
• Core, semi-periphery, periphery
Race and Global Inequality
• Labor migration from poor to rich
• Skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled labor
• Structural racism
• White-collar, blue-collar, pink-collar work
• Sweatshop/factory
• Pre-industrial, industrial, post-industrial
• Standard working hour
• Wage, salary, compensation
Theories of Global Inequality
• Modernization theory
• Dependency theory
• World System theory
Modernization Theory
• Economic development is a process by which
traditional societies become more complex.
• To develop, countries must embrace new
technologies and market driven values.
• Poverty results from adherence to traditional
values and customs that prevent competition
in a modern global economy.
Walt Whitman Rostow’ s economic growth model
Dependency theory
Dependency Theory (cont.)
• Disputes that economic growth is the key to meeting
important human needs in societies.
• Argues that the poor nations are caught in a cycle of
structured dependency on the richer nations.
• Most often applied to the newly industrializing
countries.
• SAP (Structural Adjustment Plan)
• Neoliberalization
• Neocolonialization
• IMF, WB, WTO
• MNCs, INGOs, NGOs
What is world system?
• The idea of the World System and the

relations among the countries are shaped by
the capitalist world economy.
• What is Capitalist World Economy?

– Profit-oriented global economy based on
production for sale.
– Wealth invested with the intent of producing
profit.
World Systems Theory (WST)
• Immanuel Wallerstein coined WST

• Economic development is explained by
understanding each country’s place and role in
the world economic system.
• Poverty is the result of core nations extracting
labor and natural resources from peripheral
nations.
World System Theory
World System Theory
Comparison of theories of global stratification
Indicators Modernization Dependency World System Theory
Economic Arises from relinquishing Exploits the least powerful Has resulted in a single economic
Development traditional cultural values nations to the benefit of system stemming from the
and embracing new wealthier nations that then development of a world market
technologies and market- control the political and that links core, semiperipheral,
driven attitudes economic systems of the and peripheral nations
and values exploited countries
Poverty Results from adherence to Results from the dependence Is the result of core nations
traditional values and of low-income countries on extracting labor and natural
customs that prevent wealthy nations resources from peripheral
societies from nations
competing in a modern
global economy
Social Change Involves increasing Is the result of neocolonialism Leads to an international division of
complexity, and the expansion of labor that increasingly puts
differentiation, and international capitalism profit in the hands of a few while
efficiency exploiting those in the poorest and
least powerful nations

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The World System and Colonialism

Chapter: 14 (Kottak) and Beyond.

Dr. Md. Harisur Rahman

• When and how did European colonialism develop and

• When and why did the world system develop, and

• Global inequality and more

• Imperialism: Imperialism refers to a policy of

– Imperialism is the idea or policy of extending

– Movement of people: For example people from

– Imperialism is ruling a colony from outside by

• The end of the Seven Years War in 1763 forced a French

• The American revolution ended the first stage of British

• Nationalist Movements for independence.

• India became independent in 1947.

• Decolonization in Africa and Asia accelerated during the

• The idea of the World System and the

• What is Capitalist World Economy?

• Immanuel Wallerstein coined WST

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