Unit of Competency: Agricultural Crop Production Ncii

AGRICULTURAL
CROP PRODUCTION NCII

UNIT OF COMPETENCY
UC 1. PERFORM NURSERY OPERATIONS.
UC 2. PLANT CROPS.
UC 3. CARE AND MAINTAIN CROPS.
UC 4. CARRY OUT HARVEST AND POST HARVEST OPERATION
UC 1. PERFORM NURSERY OPERATION
TOOLS IMPLEMENTS PERFORMANCE STANDARD
Appropriate farm tools are identified according to use.

Farm tools are checked for faults.
Appropriate tools are safely used according to job requirements and manufacturers‘ conditions.
NURSERY SITE SELECTION IN NURSERY SHED ESTABLISHMENT
Flat area
Good drainage
Availability of water supply
Accessible to transport
Near to the production area
MATERIALS IN NURSERY SHED ESTABLISHMENT

SUPPORT POST
fish net
plactic sheets
coconut leaves
wooden/bambpp benches
string/ wire
SEEDS
CHARACTERISTIC OF GOOD QUALITY SEEDS.

Free from pest, diseases and other damages
High viability
Free from mixtures
High germination rate
Seed germination
It is the series of events which take place when dry seeds imbibe water resulting in an increase in
metabolic activity and the instantiation of a seedling from the embryo
Seed dormancy
Physiologically or physical condition of viable seeds that prevents germination even in the presence
or otherwisefavourable germination conditions
Techniques in breaking dormancy

Scarification – treatments
• Soaking on water (tap,hot,boiling) treatment
• Rubbing on the sand paper, piercing
• Treatment with sulfuric acid and organic solvents
• Muratic acid and hydrogen peroxide treatment
• Light treatment
Stratification – using moist sand, soil or sawdust at high or low temperature.

• Vernalization– cold temperature prior to germination
Importance of germination test

To determine the viability of the seed
To determine the amount of seeds needed for planting
Component of growing media
Garden soil
Peat moss\saw dust
Coco coir
Rice hull
Compost river sand animal manure
Characteristics of good growing medium
Good aeration
Good water holding capacity
Good drainage
Can supply nutrients
Two types of Plant Propagation

Sexual Propagation
• Most common method by which plants reproduce in nature.
Asexual Propagation
• Involves reproduction from vegetative parts of the plants and is possible because the
vegetative organs of many plants have the capacity to regeneration.
Advantages of asexual propagation

1.Produce true to type plant
2.Shortened bearing age
3.Propagate plants that do not produce viable seeds
4.Propagate disease free plants
5.Improve aesthetic value of ornamental plants
UC 2. PLANT CROPS
Procedures in collecting soil samples
Pre sample preparation

Identify/locate soils sampling sites
Fill out field data sheet
Prepare sampling jars
Activities after soil sampling collection
 air-drying,
 pulverizing,
 sieving,
 packaging,
 labelling
Planting system
Square
Quincunx method
Hexagonal or Triangular
Rectangular
Contour
SQUARE
In this system, trees are planted on each corner of a square whatever the planting distance.
QUINCUNX METHOD
This is the square method but with one more plant in the center of square.
HEXAGONAL OR TRIANGULAR
In this method, the trees are planted in each corner of an equilateral triangle.
RECTANGULAR
In this system, trees are planted on each corner of a rectangle . A distance between any two rows is
more than the distance between any two tress in a row, there is no equal distribution of spaces per
tree.
Factors which decide the planting distance are the following

1. Kinds of fruits
2. Rainfall
3. Soil type and fertility
4. Rootstock
5. Pruning and training
6. Irrigation
Activities in land preparation

1. Clearing
2. Layouting
3. Plowing
4. Harrowing
5. Levelling
6. Digging of holes
7. Plant Crops
Benefits Of Preparing The Field Before Planting

1. Gives the soil fine tilth to increase nutrient adsorption
2. Control pests
3. Increases soil porosity and aerate the soil
4. Incorporate crop residues and other inputs (e.g. Organic fertilizer)
5. Mixes the soil to bring up leached deposits
6. Levels the field
7. Prepares the soil for the subsequent farm operations
TYPES OF SOIL TILLAGE OPERATIONS
Conventional ( use of plow, harrow and other farm tools or implements to prepare the field)
Conservation( the planting or sowing for the previous crop’s residues that are purposely left on the
soil surface.
Minimum tillage
Zero( a system where the soil is not disturbed between harvesting the crops and planting for the
next
Crops that are transplanted

1. Tomato,
2. eggplant,
3. Pepper
4. ,lettuce
5. ,rice,
6. coffee,
7. cacao,
8. Coconut
9. ,santol,
10. Mango
11. ,black pepper,
12. ornamentals
Crops that are direct seeded
1. okra,
2. pole sitao,
3. corn,
4. ampalaya
5. ,radish,
6. carrots,
7. peanut,
8. soybean,
9. mungbean,
10. upo
11. ,patola,
12. squash,
13. cucumber,
UC 3. CARE AND MAINTAIN CROPS

MAJOR TYPES OF PEST
1. insects,
2. diseases,
3. weeds
Major insect pests in rice

1. rice planthopper
2. ,black bug,
3. rice bugs,
4. rice stem borer,
5. mealy bugs
6. ,grasshopper,
7. snail,
Major insect pests in corn

1. corn borer,
2. corn earworm,
3. Aphids
4. ,mites,
5. stink bugs
Major insect pests in fruit trees/plantation crops
Mango
1. fruit fly,
2. twig borer,
3. shoot borer,
4. scale insects,
5. mealy bugs,
Cacao
1. bugs,
2. cacao pod borer,
3. mealy bugs,
4. aphids,
5. planthopper,
6. rose beetle
Coffee
1. twig borer,
2. weevil,
3. berry borer,
4. aphids,
5. scale insects
Coconut
1. coconut scale insects,
2. brontispa,
3. rhinoceros beetle,
4. coconut leaf beetle,
5. mites,
6. mealy bug
Major insect pests in vegetables

1. diamond back moth,
2. fruit worm,
3. cut worm,
4. white fly,
5. aphids,
6. mites,
7. shoot borer,
8. leafhoppers
Major insect pests in ornamentals

1. Scale insects,
2. Moth
3. ,leafhoppers,
4. aphids
DIFFERENT PEST CONTROL MEASURES

1. Mechanical,
2. Physical,
3. Sanitation
4. ,Bio control,
5. Cultural control
6. ,Chemical control
WHAT IS IPM?
IPM refers to the sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological,physical and
chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic,health and environmental risks
CLASSES OF WEED
1. grasses,
2. Sedges
3. ,broad leaves
NOTE it is important to control weed to prevent the competition for nutrients , water and sunlight in
crops.
Weeding
Weeding must be done early vegetative stage of crops and as the needs arises in all crops.
Different Kinds Of Fertilizers
1. Urea, 46%
2. Complete, 14%
3. Ammonium phosphate 16%
4. ,Ammoniumsulphate 21%
5. ,Compost based on the compost materials
Methods Of Fertilizer Application

1. Broadcast,
2. Sidedress
3. ,Basal ,
4. Topdress
5. ,localized
6. ,band,foliar spray
Pruning
1. The removal of undesirable branches/stem.
2. importance of pruning
3. growth orientation
4. Removal of infected plants
5. Ease of maintenance and harvesting
6. Flower induction
7. Increase light penetration for growth and pest control
8. Increase production
METHODS OF PRUNING
1. Topping-vegetable,ornamentals,plantation crops
2. Pinching-vegetable and ornamentals
3. Top pruning-fruit trees
4. Deleafing-vegetable and ornamentals
Cultivation after planting
Off barring and hilling up
Importance of hilling-up and off-barring
1. Aeration,
2. control of soil boring insect pests and weeds
Crops needs cultivation after planting are :
1. Fruit trees,
2. vegetables,
3. ornamentals
4. cereals
Different Methods Of Watering Crops
1. Drip-plantation,ornamentals,vegetable and fruits

2. Furrow-corn,banana,coffee,cacao
3. Sprinkler-ornamental and vegetables
4. Flooding-rice
Rejuvenation
The process where the old plants cut to produce new sprout for production.
Importance of rejuvenation
1. To improve/increase the productivity of the crop
2. To maintain desired height
3. To remove diseased plant parts
Growth training - the removal to branches/stem to control the growth of plant.
Purpose of training
1. Control shading
2. ,increase production
3. ,improve aesthetic value in selected ornamentals
Mulching
 Used of plastic sheets and other materials to cover the soil.
 benefits of mulching are:
1. to conserve moisture,
2. minimize erosion,
3. suppress weed growth,
4. insect control,
5. provide additional soil nutrient
Good Agricultural Practices
1. food safety,
2. prevent cross contamination,
3. practice field sanitation and personal hygiene,
4. clean workplace/surrounding
UC4 . CARRY-OUT HARVEST AND POSTHARVEST OPERATIONS
Types Of Maturity Indices
1. Physiological indices
 Days after flower inducition

 Days after fruit setting
2. Physical indices
 change in color
 change in size
 change in texture
Items you are going to record related to crop to be harvested

1. variety of crop
2. source of seed and planting materials
3. planting calendar and planting crops
Materials,Tools And Equipment
Tools are manual and hand-operated gadgets

Equipment are normally driven with small engines or motors
Materials are common supplies to carry-out activity
Post harvest facilities treatment
1. hot-water treatment
2. vapour heat treatment
Pre-cooling process for vegetables - the process of lowering the vegetable temperature to slow
down deterioration and extend shelf life
Industry-Required Quality Indicator In Fruits
1. Size
2. Weight
3. Appearance
Types of post harvest processing
1. Primary processing
2. Secondary processing
Some maturity indices or stages of ripeness

1. Green
2. Breaker
3. Turning
4. Semi-ripe
5. Ripe
6. Over ripe
Common mechanical type of fruit damage
1. Bruising
2. Wounding
3. Abrasion
Note: To avoid this damages use crates liners.
Common Storage Pest

a) Insects
b) rodents
c) fungi
d) bacteria
e) mites
Note: Pest logbook should contain date observed , location and pest I.D
Insect and pest identification purpose

a) related to control measures
b) ,economic value
c) ,food safety,
d) quarantine requirement
QUARANTINE- control of transportable pest and diseases that may be present in transportation of
plants and plant materials
Please add the following in your review.
Local and Scientific Name of Vegetables
Local and Scientific Name of Fruits
Local and Scientific Name of weeds, diseases and insects.
THANK YOU AND GOOD LUCK !

Unit of Competency: Agricultural Crop Production Ncii

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AGRICULTURAL

CROP PRODUCTION NCII

UC 1. PERFORM NURSERY OPERATIONS.

UC 3. CARE AND MAINTAIN CROPS.

UC 4. CARRY OUT HARVEST AND POST HARVEST OPERATION

UC 1. PERFORM NURSERY OPERATION

TOOLS IMPLEMENTS PERFORMANCE STANDARD

Appropriate farm tools are identified according to use.

NURSERY SITE SELECTION IN NURSERY SHED ESTABLISHMENT

MATERIALS IN NURSERY SHED ESTABLISHMENT

CHARACTERISTIC OF GOOD QUALITY SEEDS.

Techniques in breaking dormancy

Stratification – using moist sand, soil or sawdust at high or low temperature.

Importance of germination test

Component of growing media

Characteristics of good growing medium

Two types of Plant Propagation

Advantages of asexual propagation

Procedures in collecting soil samples

Pre sample preparation

Activities after soil sampling collection

Factors which decide the planting distance are the following

3. Soil type and fertility

5. Pruning and training

Activities in land preparation

Benefits Of Preparing The Field Before Planting

TYPES OF SOIL TILLAGE OPERATIONS

Crops that are transplanted

Crops that are direct seeded

UC 3. CARE AND MAINTAIN CROPS

Major insect pests in rice

Major insect pests in corn

Major insect pests in fruit trees/plantation crops

Major insect pests in vegetables

Major insect pests in ornamentals

DIFFERENT PEST CONTROL MEASURES

Different Kinds Of Fertilizers

Methods Of Fertilizer Application

Cultivation after planting

Off barring and hilling up

Importance of hilling-up and off-barring

Crops needs cultivation after planting are :

Different Methods Of Watering Crops

1. Drip-plantation,ornamentals,vegetable and fruits

Growth training - the removal to branches/stem to control the growth of plant.

 Used of plastic sheets and other materials to cover the soil.

 benefits of mulching are:

Good Agricultural Practices

UC4 . CARRY-OUT HARVEST AND POSTHARVEST OPERATIONS

Types Of Maturity Indices

 Days after flower inducition

Items you are going to record related to crop to be harvested

Materials,Tools And Equipment

Tools are manual and hand-operated gadgets

Post harvest facilities treatment

Industry-Required Quality Indicator In Fruits

Types of post harvest processing

Some maturity indices or stages of ripeness

Common mechanical type of fruit damage

Note: To avoid this damages use crates liners.

Common Storage Pest

Insect and pest identification purpose