CHECKLIST OF SPECIES IN FBS 21 (TAXONOMY OF FOREST PLANTS)1

12th revised edition 2007

EDWINO S. FERNANDO
Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources
The University of the Philippines- Los Baños, College,4031 Laguna, The Philippines

FERN ALLIES
SELAGINELLACEAE Willk. [1 genus. Widespread. Terrestrial or rarely epiphytic.]
Kamariang gubat Selaginella plana Hieron
Peacock fern Selaginella willdenowii Baker

FERNS

Order OPHIOGLOSSALES
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Martynov [3 genera. Widespread. Terrestrial or epiphytic.]
Tukod langit Helmintostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook.

Order MARATTIALES
MARATTIACEAE Kaulf. [4 genera. Tropics and subtropics. Terrestrial, often massive.]
Salaguisog Angiopteris palmiformis (Cav.) C. Chr.

Order HYMENOPHYLLALES
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE [9 genera. Pantropic & south-temperate. Terrestrial and epiphytic.]
Filmy fern Trichomanes thysanostomum Makino

Order GLEICHENIALES
GLEICHENIACEAE (R. Br.)C. Presl [6 genera. Pantropical. Terrestrial, often in dense stands.]
Kilob Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw.

DIPTERIDACEAE Seward & E.Dale[2 genera. India to Melanesia. Terrestrial, stems long creeping.]
Dipteris conjugata Reinw.

Order SCHIZAEALES
LYGODIACEAE M. Roem. [1 genus. Pantropical.Terrestrial, climbing.]
Nitong puti Lygodium circinnatum (Burm)Sw.
Nito Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw.
Nitong pula Lygodium japonicum Sw.

1
* The families of ferns follow the new classification by Smith et.al. in Taxon 55(3) : 705-731 (2006); gymnosperms and
angiosperms follow the classification system of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 85:
531-553 (1998) and subsequent updates as of 24 June 2007 (www. Mobot.org/research/APweb). Information on the number of
genera recognized in each of the families, geographical distribution, and growth habit is taken from R.K. Brumitt, Vascular Plant
Families and Genera (1992) and W.S. Judd,et.al Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach (1999), and recent updates in the APG
website. The common names of trees follow that of J.P. Rojo, Revised Lexicon of the Philippine Trees (1999). The name changes are
based on the most recent revisions, monographs, the Plant Resources of Southeast Asia (PROSEA) Handbook series, and the Flora
Malesiana series.
CAUTION: This checklist is only provisional, partial and mainly limited to the common vascular plants known from the
Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, the Makiling botanical Gardens, and the U.P. Los Baños campus as indigenous or introduced and
cultivated (= exotics are marked with *); many more hundreds of species in other parts of Mt. Makiling and of the Philippines are
not included in this checklist. A section on Philippine mangrove and beach plants is appended at the end. This checklist is intended
only for the use of students in FBS21 (Taxonomy of Forest Plants) at the College of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University
of the Philippines- Los Baños. -© E.S. FERNANDO, The University of the Philippines – Los Baños. 12th revised and updated
edition, 24th June 2007.
 Order SALVINIALES
SALVINIACEAE Martynov [2 genera. Widespread. Free-floating aquatics.]
Azolla Azolla pinnata R. Br.

Order CYATHEALES
CYATHEACEAE Kaulf. [5 genera. Pantropical. Scaly tree ferns.]
Pakong buwaya Cyathea contaminans (Wall. & Hook.) Copel.

Order POLYPODIALES
ASPLENIACEAE Newman [10 genera. Widespread. Terrestrial,epipetric,or epiphytic.]
Pakpak lawin Asplenium musaefolium Mett.
Pakpak lawin lalake Asplenium nidus L.

BLECHNACEAE Newman [9 genera. Widespread. Terrestrial, sometimes climbing.]

Patugo Blechnum egregium Copel.
Pakong alagdan Blechnum orientale L.
Diliman Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.) Bedd.

DAVALLIACEAE M.R. Schomb. [5 genera. Tropical and temperate. Terrestrial or lithophytic.]

Rabbit’s foot fern Davallia solida (G. Forst.) Sw.

DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Lotsy [11 genera. Pantropical & temperate. Terrestrial, occ. Scandent.]
Histiopteris incisa (Thumb.) J. Sm.

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Herter [45 genera. Pantropical. Terrestrial, epipetric. Epiphytic, or hemi-epiphytic.]

Bolbitis rhizophylla (Kaulf.) Hennipman
Elaphoglossum luzonica Copel.
Polystichum horizontale C. Presl

LINDSAEACEAE C. Presl [8 genera. Pantropical. Terrestrial, occ. epipetric or epiphytic.]

Lindsaea capillacea H. Christ
Lindsaea repens (Bory) Thwaites

LOMARIOPSIDACEAE Alston [4 genera. Tropics. Terrestrial, hemiepiphytic.]

Blue fern Cyclopeltis crenata (Fee) C. Chr.
Pakong kalabaw Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott

OLEANDRACEAE Ching ex Pic. Serm. [1 genus.Tropics.Terrestrial,epilithic or often hemi-epiphytic.]

Makiling kaliskis ahas Oleandra maquilingensis Copel.
Kaliskis ahas Oleandra pistillaris (Sw.)C. Chr.

POLYPODIACEAE J. Presl. [56 genera.Pantropical.Epiphytic and epipetric,some terrestrial.]

Kabkab Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Sm.
Pakong bato Microsorum longgisimum J. Sm. ex Fee
Common staghorn fern Platycerium coronarium (J. Koenig ex Muell.) Desv.
Giant staghorn fern Platycerium grande (Fee) Kunze
Pagong-pagongan Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) M.G. Price

PTERIDACEAE E.D.M. Kirchn. [50 genera. Widespread. Terrestrial,epipetric or epiphytic.]

Alambrillong gubat Adiantum caudatum L.
Kaikai Adiantum philippense L.
Anthrophyum reticulatum (G. Forst.) Kaulf.
Anthrophyum sessilifolium (Cav.) Spreng.
Silver fern Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link
Pakong sundang Pteris ensiformis Burm.
 Giant bracken fern Pteris tripartita Sw.
Rusty brake Pteris vittata L.

TECTARIACEAE Panigrahi [15 genera. Pantropical. Terrestrial.]

Tectaria crenata Cav.

THELYPTERIDACEAE Pic.Serm.[ 30 genera. Tropical,suntropical,some temperate,Terrestrial.]

Lokdo Amphineuron terminans (J.Sm.) Holttum
Pneumatopteris laevis (Mett.) Holttum
Pneumatopteris nitidula (C.Presl.) Holttum
Sphaerostephanos hirsutus (Kunze ex Mett) Holttum

WOODSIACEAE Herter [15 genera.Subcosmopolitan.Terrestrial]

Pako Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.

GYMNOSPERMS

Order CYCADALES
CYCADACEAE Pers. [1genus. Madagascar,tropical Asia to Australasia and Pacific.]
Oliva * Cycas revoluta Thunb.
Pitogo Cycas riuminiana Porte ex Regel
Pitogong dagat Cycas edentata de Laub.
Culion pitogo Cycas wadei Merri.

Order PINALES
PINACEAE Lindl. [10 genera. N. Hemisphere to Malesia and C. America. Mostly trees.]
Benguet pine Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon
Mindoro pine Pinus merkussii Jungh. & De Vr.

ARAUCARIACEAE Henkel & W. Hochst. [2 genera. S. America, Pacific, Australasia, S.E. Asia. Trees.]
Palawan almaciga Agathis celebica (Koord.) Warb.
Almaciga Agathis philippinensis Warb.
Bunya pine *Araucaria bidwillii Hook.
Araucaria *Araucaria columnaris (Forst) Hook.
Norkfolk Island pine *Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco

PODOCARPACEAE Endl. [17 genera. S. hemisphere, north to Japan and C. America. Trees and shrubs.]
Banahaw igem Dacrycarpus cumingii (Parl.) de Laub.
Igem Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub.
Malaalmaciga Nageia wallichianus (Persl) O. Kuntze
Dalung Phyllocladus hypophyllus Hook.
Igem dagat Podocarpus costalis Presl
Malaadelfa Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don ex Lamb
Igem bilog Podocarpus rotundus de Laub.
Malakauayan Podocarpus rumphii Blume

CUPRESSACEAE Bartl. [29 genera. Widespread. Shrubs to trees.]

Portuguese cypress *Cupressus lusitanica Mill.
Italian cypress *Cupressus sempervirens L.
Pencil cedar *Juniperus virginianus L.
Arbor vitae *Platytcladus orientalis (L.) Franco

TAXACEAE Gray [5 genera. N. hemisphere to Malesia and New Caledonia. Trees, shrubs.]
Amugauen Taxus sumatrana (Miq.) de Laub.
 Order GNETALES
GNETACEAE L. [1 genus. Widespread in tropics. Mostly lianas, some shrubs or trees.]
Bago Gnetum gnemon L.

ANGIOSPERMS (MONOCOTS)

Order ALISMATALES
ARACEAE Juss. [106 genera. Widespread, especially tropics. Mostly herbs, some climbers.]
Biga Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don
Micholitz’s alocasia Alocasia micholitziana Hort. ex Sander
Badyang Alocasia portei Schott
Sander’s alocasia Alocasia sanderiana Bull.
Gabing tigre Alocasia zebrina C. Koch & Vietch
Pongapong Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Denntedt) Nicolson
Devil’s tongue Amorphophallus konjac Koch
Lusegut Amydrium medium (Zoll. & Mor.) Nicolson
Corazon de Maria *Caladium bicolor (Ait.) Vent.
Gabi *Colocasia esculentum (L.) Schott
Dumb cane *Dieffenbachia amoena Bull.
Dieffenbachia *Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don
Alopayi Homalomena philippinensis Engl. ex Engl. & Krause
Pakpak paniki *Philodendron lacerum (Jacq.) Schott
Bolong kahinai Photoidium lobbianum Schott
Dugtong Photos hermaphroditus (Blanco) Merr.
Amlong Rhaphidophora merrillii Engl.
Tibatib Rhapidophora pinnata (L.) Schott
Yellow water plant *Scindapsus aureus (Lindl. & Andre) Engl.
Lukmoy Scindapsus curranii Engl. & Krause
Puto-putohan Scindapsus pictus Hassk.
Kamay kastila Syngonium podophyllum Schott
Gabing nuno *Typhonium trilobatum Schott
Yautia Xanthosoma violaceum Schott

Order ASPARAGALES
AGAVACEAE Endl. [9 genera. New World and India to Australia. Rosette herbs to trees.]
Maguey *Agave cantula Roxb.
Sisal hemp *Agave sisalana (Engl.) Perr.

AMARYLLIDACEAE J. Saint-Hilaire [59 genera. Tropical (temperate), esp. South America and Africa,
also Mediterranean. Mostly bulbous herbs.]
Bakong Crinum asiaticum L.
Amazon lily *Eucharis grandiflora Planch.
Katunggal Eurycles amboinensis (L.) Lindl.
Spider lily Hymenocallis littorale (Jacq.) Salisb.

RUSCACEAE Sprengel [26 genera. Southeast Asia-Malesia, but mostly N. hemisphere, Europe and Near East, S.W. North
America, and Africa, esp. the Cape and S.W. herbs to Trees.]
Malasambal Dracaena angustifolia Roxb.
Fortune plant Dracaena fragrans Ker-Gawl.
Song of India *Dracaena reflexa Lam.
Rainbow tree *Dracaena marginata Lam.
Gold Dust Dracaena *Dracaena surculosa Lindl.
Bowstring *Sanseviera trifasciata Prain.
Striped Bowstring Hemp *Sanseviera trifasciata Prain. var. laurentii N.E. Br.
HYPOXIDACEAE R Br. [9 genera. Tropics and S. Africa. Rhizomatous and cormous herbs.]
Abang-abang Curculigo capitulata (Lour.) O. Kuntze

LAXMANNIACEAE Bubani [15 genera. Predominantly Australian, also Madagascar, India and
South America. Tufted perennial herbs]
Sagilala Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth.
Baston de San Jose Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth. var. ferrea

ORCHIDACEAE Juss. [880 genera. Widespread. Perennial herbs, epiphytic, some saphrophytes.]
Spider orchid Arachnis flos-aeris J.J. Smith
Forked pair Calanthe furcata Batem. Ex. Lindl.
Sanggumay Dendrobium anosmum Lindl.
Pajarito Dendrodium crumenatum Sw.
Comely marked orchid Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume
Mariposa Phalaenopsis aphrodite Reichb. f.
Tiger orchid Phalaenopsis schilleriana Reichb. f.
Pteroceras unguiculatum (Lindley) H. Pederson
Ground orchid Spathoglottis plicata Blume
Vanda luzonica Loher ex Rolfe
Waling-waling Vanda sanderiana Reichb. f.

Order DIOSCOREALES
DIOSCOREACEAE R. Br. [5 genera. Widespread trop and subtrop., rarely temp. Herbs, shrubs,vines.]
Ubi Dioscorea alata L.
Bayag turo Dioscorea bulbifera L.
Tugi Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk.
Nami Dioscorea hispida Dennst.
Pakit Dioscorea luzonensis Schauer
Lima lima Dioscorea pentaphylla L.

TACCACEAE Dumort. [1 genus. Widespread in tropics,esp. S.E. Asia. Rhizomatous or tuberous herbs.]
Bat flower Tacca chantrieri André
Payong-payongan Tacca palmata Blume

Order PANDANALES
CYCLANTHACEAE Poit. ex. A. Rich. [12 genera. New World tropics. Rhizomatous herbs, shrubs, lianas.]
Panama hat palm *Carludovica palmata Ruiz & Pav.

PANDANACEAE R. Br. [3 genera. Old World tropics to New Zealand. Trees, shrubs, lianas.]
Looi-looi Freycinetia sphaerocephala Gaudich.
Vayasubas Freycinetia williamsii Merr.
Pandan banguhan Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.
Bariu Pandanus copelandii Merr.
Taboan Pandanus dubius Spreng.
Pandan layugan Pandanus exaltatus Blanco
Laguloi Pandanus gracilis Blanco
Alas-as Pandanus luzonensis Merr.
Pandan dagat Pandanus tectorius Soland.
Mottled pandan *Pandanus veitchii Hort.

Order ARECALES
ARECACEAE C.H. Schultz- Schulztzenstein [200 genera. Widespread trop.subtrop.,rarely temp.
Trees/subshrubs/lianas.]
Manila palm Adonidia merrillii (Becc.) Becc.
Martinez palm * Aiphanes caryotaefolia (HBK.) H. Wendl.& Drude
Queensland palm * Archantophoenix alexandriae H. Wendl.& Drude
Mono Areca camarinensis Becc.
Bunga Areca catechu L.
Bungang ipod Areca ipot Becc.
Takobtob Areca parens Becc.
Malayana * Areca vestiaria Giseke
Kaong Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.
Dumayaka Arenga tremula (Blanco) Merr.
Ambong Arenga undulatifolia Becc.
Sika Calamus caesius Blume
Kumaboi Calamus discolor Mart.
Litoko Calamus manillensis H. Wendl.
Palasan Calamus merrillii Becc.
Tandulang dagat Calamus microcarpus Becc.
Limuran Calamus ornatus Blume
Apas Calamus reyesianus Becc.
Biri Calamus siphonospathus Mart.
Tandulang parang Calamus usitatus Blanco
Pugahan Caryota cumingii Lodd.
Takipan Caryota rumphiana Mart. var. philippinensis Becc.
Niog Cocos nucifera L.
Buri Corypha utan Lamk.
Red palm * Cyrtostachys renda Blume
Ditaan Daemonorops mollis (Blanco) Merr.
Sumulid Daemonorops orchrolepis Becc.
Triangle palm *Dypsis decaryi (Jum.) Beentje & J. Dransf.
Palmera * Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.) Beentje & J. Dransf.
Madagascar palm *Dypsis madagascariensis (Becc.)Beentje & J.
Dransf.
African oil palm *Elaeis guineensis Jacq.
Saguisi Heterospathe elata Scheff.
Marighoi Heterospathe intermedia (Becc.) Fernando
Spindle palm *Hyophorbe verschaffeltii H. Wendl.
Bottle palm *Hyophorbe lagenicaulis (L.H. Bailey)H.E. Moore
Danan Korthalsia laciniosa Mart.
Balatbat bilog *Licuala grandis H. Wendl.
Balatbat Licuala spinosa Wurmb.
Chinese anahau * Livistona chinensis Mart.
Merrill anahau Livistona merrillii Becc.
Anahau Livistona rotundifolia (Lam.) Mart.
Tarau Livistona saribus (Lour.) Merr. ex. A. Chev.
Anibong liitan Oncosperma gracilipes Becc.
Palindan Orania palindan (Blanco) Merr.
Date palm *Phoenix dactylifera L.
Bicol abiki Pinanga bicolana Fernando
Abiki Pinanga copelandii Becc.
Kuhl abiki *Pinanga coronata (Blume ex Mart.) Blume
Sarauag *Pinanga insignis Becc.
Mottled abiki Pinanga maculata Porte ex Lem.
Bungang dakigan Pinanga philippinensis Becc.
Banisan Pinanga speciosa Becc.
Solitaire palm *Ptychosperma elegans Blume
MacArthur’s palm *Ptychosperma macarthurii H. Wendl.
Rhapis *Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.)Henry
Royal palm *Roystonea regia (HBK.) O.F. Cook
Salak *Salacca zalacca (J. Gaertner) Voss ex Vilmorin
Tamy’s palm *Siphokentia beguinii Burr.
 Order COMMELINALES
COMMELINACEAE R.Br . [40 genera. Widespread in tropics,rarele temp.Herbs,sometimes climbing]
Alikbangon Commelina benghalenis L.
Kulasing Cyanotis cristata L.
Alikbangon lalaki Murdania nudiflora (L.) Brenan
Salibangon Pollia secundiflora (Blume) Bakh.f.
Sundang hari *Tradescantia spathacea Swartz
Wandering dew *Zebrina pendula Schritzl.

Order POALES
CYPERACEAE Juss. [122 genera.Widespread.Herbs]
Umbrella grass *Cyperus flabelliformis Rottb.
Busikad Cyperus kyllingia Endl.
Mutha Cyperus rotundus L.
Sarat Scleria scrobiculata Nees.

FLAGELLARIACEAE Dumort. [1 genus.Paleotropics, to the Pacific Islands.Lianas.]

Baling-uai Flagellaria indica L.

POACEAE Barnhart [668 genera. Widespread. Herbs or bamboos.]

Indian bamboo *Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss
Kawayan tinik *Bambusa blumeana J.A.& J.H. Schultes
Chinese dwarf bamboo Bambusa glaucescens (Willd.) Sieb. ex Munro
Bayog Bambusa merrilliana (Elmer) Rojo & Roxas
Laak Bambusa philippinensis (Gamble) McClure
Merrill bamboo Bambusa merrillii Gamble
Spineless Indian bamboo Bambusa tulda Roxb.
Buddha bamboo Bambusa tuldoides Munro
Kawayan kiling Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.
Kawayan dilaw Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex Wedl.var. Striata(Lodd) Gamble
Tigbi *Coix lachryma-jobi L.
Paua Cyrtochloa fenixii (Gamble) S. Dransf.
Bokaui Cyrtochloa topinggii (Gamble) S. Dransf.
Giant Bamboo Dendocalamus asper (Schultes f.) Backer ex Heyne
Bikal Dinochloa acutiflora (Munro) S. Dransf.
Bikal Babui Dinochloa luconiae (Munro) Merr.
Bagto Dinochloa palawanense (Gamble) S. Dransf.
Bolo Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merr.
Cogon Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.
Taiwan bamboo *Phyllostachys edulis (Cam.) Riviere
Running bamboo *Phyllostachys negripes Hayata
Talahib Saccharum spontaneum L.
Anos Schizostachyum lima (Blanco) Merr.
Buho Schizostachyum lumampao (Blanco) Merr.
Kalbang Schizostachyum textorium (Blanco) Merr.
Buhong dilau Schizostachyum zollingeri (Steud)
Ayas-as Setaria palmifolia (Koenig) Stapf.
Laak Sphaerobambos philippinensis (Gamble) S. Dransf.
Tambo Thysonolaena latifolia (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Honda

TYPHACEAE Juss. [2 genera. Widespread esp. N. hemisphere. Rhizomatous herbs, aquatic or wetland.]
Cat tail Typha angustifolia L.
 ORDER ZINGIBERALES
CANNACEAE Juss. [1 genus. New World tropics. Rhizomatus herbs.]
Tikas pula *Canna coccinea Mill.
Bandera Española *Canna flacida Salisb.
Canna *Canna glauca L.
Tikas tikas *Canna indica L.
Tikas *Canna warcewiczii Dietr.

COSTACEAE (Meisn.) Nakai [4 genera. Widespread in tropics. Rhizomatous herbs.]

Tubang-usa Costus speciosus (Koenig) Smith

HELICONIACEAE (A. Rich.) Nakai [1 genus. Tropical America to Pacific. Rhizomatous herbs.]
Rusty banana *Heliconia angusta Vell.
Yellow plantain *Heliconia bihai (L.) L.
Lobster’s claw *Heliconia humilis Jacq.
Red leaf heliconia *Heliconia metallica Planch. & Lind. ex Hook.
False bird of paradise *Heliconia plastachys Baker
Narrow leaf heliconia *Heliconia psittacorum L. f.

MARANTACEAE O. Petersen [30 genera. Tropical, esp. New World. Rhizomatous herbs to lianas.]
Bamban Donax cannaeformis (G. Forst.) K. Schum.
Arrow root *Maranta arundinacea L.
Mottled arrow root *Maranta arundinacea L. var. variegata Hort.
Hagithit Phrynium philippinensis Ridl.

MUSACEAE Juss. [2 genera. Old World tropics. Giant herbs with pseddostems.]
Saging matsing Musa acuminata Colla
Saging pula Musa coccinea Andr.
Ornamental banana *Musa ornata Roxb.
Abaca Musa textilis Nees

STRELITZIACEAE (K. Schum.) Hutch.[3 genera.S. Africa,Madagascar,S. America.Giant herbs to trees.]

Traveller’s palm *Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn.

ZINGIBERACEAE Lindl. [50 genera. Widespread in tropics.Rhizomatous herbs.]

Tagbak Alpinia elegans (Presl.) K. Schum.
Pal-la/ Lankuwas Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.
Shell ginger Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt & Smith
Lampuyang *Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc.
Dilaw *Curcuma longa L.
Torch ginger *Etlingera elatior (Jack.) R.M. Smith
Luya-luyahan Globba campsophylla K.Schum.
Kamia *Hedychium coronarium Koenig.
Luya *Zingiber officinale Rosc.
Wild ginger *Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm.

ANGIOSPERMS (DICOTS)

Order MAGNOLIALES
ANNONACEAE Juss. [125 genera. Widespread trop and subtrop.,rarely warm temp.Trees,shrubs,lianas.]
Bagang aso Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray
Atemoya *Annona atemoya Hort.
Guayabano *Annona muricata L.
Anonas *Annona reticulata L.
Atis *Annona squamosa L.
 Ilang-ilang Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Hook. f. & Thoms.
Amuyong Goniothalamus amuyon (Blanco) Merr.
Takulau Miliusa vidalii Sinc.
Lanutan Mitrephora lanotan (Blanco) Merr.
Anolang Papualthia lanceolata (Vidal) Merr.
Kalimatas Phaeanthus ebracteolatus (Presl.) Merr.
Bolon Platymitra arborea (Blanco) Kessler
Yellow lanutan Polyalthia flava Merr.
Indian lanutan *Polyalthia longifolia Benth. & Hook.f.
Biriba *Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill.

MAGNOLIACEAE Juss. [17 genera. Widespread tropics to warm-temperate.Trees,shrubs.]

Patangis Magnolia candollii (Blume) H. Keng var. candollii
Magnolia *Magnolia coco (Lour.) DC.
Champakang puti *Michelia alba DC.
Champaka *Michelia champaca L.

MYRISTICACEAE R. Br. [18 genera.Tropical, mostly Asia and America.Trees.]

Anuping Gymnacranthera farquhariana (Hook.f. &
Thomson) var paniculata (A.DC.) R.T. Schouten
Yabnob Horsfieldia costulata (Miq.) Warb.
Tambalau Knema glomerata (Blanco) Merr.
Tanghas Myristica elliptica Wall. Ex. Hook.f. & Thoms.
subsp. simiarum (A.DC.) Sincl.
Duguan Myristica philippinensis Lam.

Order LAURALES
LAURACEAE Juss. [49 genera.Tropical and warm temperate. Trees,shrubs,rarely
herbs or vines]
Tirukan Beilschmiedia glomerata Merr.
Kauad-kauad Cassytha filiformis L.
Camphor *Cinnamomum camphora Nees & Eberm.
Kalingag Cinnamomum mercadoi Vidal
Mindanao cinnamon Cinnamomum mindanaense Elmer
Bagarilau Cryptocarya ampla Merr.
Margapali Dehassia triandra Merr.
Tambulian Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijm. & Binn.
Bangulo Litsea garciae Vidal
Dungoi Litsea luzonica (Blume) F.-Vill.
Marang Litsea cordata (Jack.) Hook.f.
Sablot Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)C.B. Rob.
Puso-puso Neolitsea vidalii Merr.
Malabunga Nothaphoebe malabonga (Blanco) Merr.
Avocado *Persea gratissima Gaertn.

HERNANDIACEAE Blume [4 genera.Tropical.Trees, shrubs,lianas.]

Lapó- lapó Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq.
Binat Illigera luzonensis (Presl) Merr.

Order PIPERALES
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Juss. [7 genera.Tropical to warm temperate. Herbs, shrubs,lianas.]
Timbangan Aristolochia tagala Cham.

PIPERACEAE C.Agardh [10 genera.Mostly tropical. Herbs, shrubs, lianas, small trees]
Pansit-pansitan Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth
Ikmo Piper betle L.
 Pamintang aso Piper interruptum Opiz var. interruptum
Litlit Piper interruptum Opiz var. loheri (C.DC.) Quis.
Paminta Piper nigrum L.
Kubamba Piper umbellatum L.

Order CHLORANTHALES
CHLORANTHACEAE Blume [4 genera. Tropical and subtropical. Trees, shrubs, herbs.]
Baraw-baraw Chloranthus erectus (Buch.-Ham.) Verdc.

Order PROTEALES
PROTEACEAE Juss. [69 genera. S. hemisphere to tropics, rarely N. hemisphere.
Trees, shrubs.]
Silky oak *Grevillea robusta Cunn. Ex R. Br.

SABIACEAE Blume [3 genera. Trop. And E. Asia, trop. America. Trees, shrubs,
lianas.]
Balilang-uak Meliosma pinnata (Roxb.) Maxim.
Subsp. macrophylla (Merr.) v. Beuss.

Order RANUNCULALES
MENISPERMACEAE Juss. [73 genera Trop. to subtrop. occas. temp. Mostly lianas, rarely trees, herbs.]
Ligtang Anamirta cocculus (L.) Wight & Arn.
Albutra Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.
Kalaad Cissampelos pareira L.var.hirsuta (Buck ex DC.)
Forman
Silong pugo Pericampylus glaucus (Lam.) Merr.
Ambal Pycnarrhena manillensis Vidal
Bayating Tinomiscum petiolare Hook.f. & Th.
Makabuhai puti Tinospora glabra (Burm.f.) Merr.

Order DILLENIALES
DILLENIACEAE Salisb. [11 genera. Trop. And subtrop to Tasmania. Trees, lianas, shrubs,
herbs.]
Handapara Dillenia indica L.
Malakatmon Dillenia luzoniensis (Vidal) Martelli
Katmon Dillenia philippinensis Rolfe
Katmon kalabaw Dillenia reifferscheidia Naves
Simpor *Dillenia suffructicosa Griff.
Katmon baging Tetracera scandens (L.) Merr.

Order CARYOPHYLLALES
AMARANTHACEAE Juss. [70 genera. Widespread. Mostly herbs.]
Aribugbug Deeringia amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr.
Bayambang Deeringia polysperma (Roxb.) Moq.

NEPENTHACEAE Dumort. [1genus. Madag. To Australia, Malesia and New Caledonia. Pitcher plants.]
Pitcher plant Nepenthes alata Blanco

NYCTAGINACEAE Juss. [38 genera. Tropics and subtropics, rarely temp. Trees, shrubs, herbs.]
Bougainvillea *Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.
Maluko *Pisonia grandis R. Br.
Anuling Pisonia umbellifera (Forst.) Seem.

POLYGONACEAE Juss. [49 genera. Widespread. Mostly herbs, some shrubs, lianas, trees.]
Palosanto *Triplaris cumingiana Fisch. & Mey.
 Order SANTALES
LORANTHACEAE Juss. [77genera widespraed. Hemiparasites usually on trees.]
Dapong Kahoy Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) Danser

SANTALACEAE R. Br. [37 genera Widespread Hemiparasitic trees, shrubs, herbs.]

Sandal Wood *Santalum album L.

OLACACEAE Mirb. Ex DC. [27 genera Trop. And subtrop. Mostly hemiparasitic trees, shrubs, lianas.]
Balingayo Erythropalum scandens Blume
Malabagio Olax imbricata Roxb.
Tamayuan Strombosia philippinensis (Baill.) Rolfe

Order VITALES
LEEACEAE (DC.) Dumort. [1 genus. Africa, Madagascar, trop. Asia. Trees, shrubs,
herbs.]
Amamali Leea aculeata Blume ex Spreng.
Mali-mali Leea guineensis G. Don
Kaliantan Leea philippinensis Merr.

VITACEAE Juss [14 genera.Tropics to warm temperate. Mostly climbing

shrubs, some herbs.]
Alangingi Cayratia trifolia (L.) Quis.
Ayo Tetrastigma harmandii Planch.
Loher’s ayo Tetrastigma loheri Gagnep.

Order MYRTALES
COMBRETACEAE R. Br. [20 genera.Tropics and subtropics. Trees,shrubs, climbers, rarely herbs.]
Tangulo Quisqualis indica L.
Arjun * Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) W.& A.
Malakalumpit Terminalia calamansanai (Blanco) Rolfe
Talisai Terminalia catappa L.
Binggas Terminalia citrina (Gaertn.) Roxb.
Talisai gubat Terminalia foetidissima Griff.
Kalumpit Terminalia microcarpa Decne. Subsp.
microcarpa
Sakat Terminalia nitens Presl.
Dalinsi Terminalia pellucida Presl.

LYTHRACEAE J. St.-Hil. [30 genera. Widespread.Trees, shrubs,herbs.]

Singapore bush *Cuphea hyssopifolia HBK.
Loktob Duabanga moluccana Blume
Melendres *Lagerstroemia indica L.
Batitinan Lagerstroemia piriformis Koehne
Banaba Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers.
Pomegranate *Punica granatum L.

MELASTOMATACEAE Juss. [194 genera. Mostly tropical.Shrubs, herbs,rarely trees or

lianas.]
Badling Astronia cumingiana Vidal
Dungau puti Astronia glauca Merr.
Dungau Astronia wiliamsii Merr. Ex C.B. Rob. var. wiliamsii
Baladu Medinilla pendula Merr.
Kapa kapa Medinilla magnifica Lindl.
Red kapa kapa Medinilla miniata Merr.
MYRTACEAE Juss. [127 genera. Tropics, subtropics and S. Temperate. Trees,
shrubs.]
Binoloan Acmena acuminatissima (Blume) Merr. & Perry
Red bottle-brush *Callistemon citrinus (Curt.) Skeels
Bagras Eucalyptus deglupta Blume
Swamp mahogany *Eucalyptus robusta Smith
Guava *Psidium guajava L.
Kalubkob Syzygium calubcob (C.B. Rob.) Merr.
Kurasam Syzygium claviflorum (Roxb.) Wall.ex. A.M. &
J.M.Cowan
Duhat *Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels
Tampui *Syzygium jambos (L.) Skeels
Manangkil Syzygium mananquil (Blanco) Merr.
Makaasim Syzygium nitidum Benth.
Makopa *Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & Perry
Panglomboein Syzygium simile (Merr.) Merr.
Malatampoy Syzygium xanthophyllum (C.B. Rob.) Merr.
Malabayabas Tristaniopsis decorticata (Merr.) Wilson &
Waterhouse
Mangkono Xanthostemon verdugonianus Naves

CRYPTERONIACEAE A.DC. [3 genera. Tropical Asia. Trees,shrubs.]

Tiaui Crypteronia paniculata Blume

Order CROSSOSOMATALES
STAPHYLEACEAE Martynov [3 genera. North temp. & trop. America & Malesia.Trees, Shrubs.]
Anonggo Turpinia ovatifolia Elmer

Order CELASTRALES
CELASTRACEAE R. Br. [85 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, lianas.]
Oriental Saffranhout *Elaeodendron orientale Jacq. f.
Malasangki Euonymus javanicus Blume
Abuab Lophopetalum javanicum (Zoll.) Turez.
Matang ulang Siphonodon celastrineus Griff.

Order MALPIGHIALES
ACHARIACEAE Harms [30 genera. Pantropical. Trees, shrubs.]
Sanglai Ahernia glandulosa Merr.
Dudua Hydnocarpus alcalae C. DC.
Duduang bulate *Hydnocarpus anthelminthica Pierre
Bagarbas Hydnocarpus sumatrana (Miq.) Koord.
Pangi Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume
Malapinggan Trichadenia philippinensis Merr.

CHRYSOBALANACEAE R. Br. [17 genera. Tropics and subtropics. Trees, shrubs.]

Tabon-tabon Atuna racemosa Rafin.
Liusin Maranthes corymbosa Blume

CLUSIACEAE Lindl. [47 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, lianas, herbs.]

Bitanghol Calophyllum blancoi Pl. & Tr.
Bitaog Calophyllum inophyllum L.
Salingogon Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Dyer
Paguringon Cratoxylum sumatranum (Jack) Blume
Bunog Garcinia benthami Pierre
Binukaw Garcinia binucao (Blanco) Choisy
 Pildes Garcinia dives Pierre
Taklang anak Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz
Mangosteen *Garcinia mangostana L.
Kamandiis Garcinia rubra Merr.
Gatasan Garcinia venulosa (Blanco) Choisy

EUPHORBIACEAE Juss. [222 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, herbs.]

Bogus Acalypha amentacea Roxb.
Lumbang *Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Balakat gubat Balakata luzonica (Vidal) Esser
Busilak Claoxylon albicans (Blanco) Merr.
Santiki Cleidion spiciflorum (Burm. F.) Merr.
Kulispakatan Dimorphocalyx luzoniensis Merr.
Gubas Endospermum peltatum Merr.
Para rubber *Hevea brasiliensis (HBK.) Muell.-Arg.
Sandbox *Hura crepitans L.
Tubang bakod *Jathropa curcas L.
Hamindang Macaranga bicolor Muell.-Arg.
Takip asin Macaranga grandifolia (Blanco) Merr.
Binunga Macarnga tanarius (L.) Muell.-Arg.
Banato Mallotus philippensis (Lamk) Muell.-Arg.
Hinlaumo Mallotus ricinoides (Pers.) Muell.-Arg.
Alim Melanolepis multiglandulosa (Reinw. Ex Blume)
Reichb. f. & Zoll.
Apanang Neotrewia cumingii (Muell.-Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm.
Balanti Omalanthus populneus (Geisel.) Pax
Baguilumbang Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw
Anislag Securinega flexuosa muell.-Arg.
Katap Trigonostemon philippinensis Stapf.

PHYLLANTHACEAE Martynov [56 genera. Pantropical, but esp. Malesia. Herbs to

trees.]
Bignai Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.
Binayuyu Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.
Bignai pugo Antidesma pentandrum (Blanco) Merr.
Bignai kalabaw Antidesma pleuricum Tul.
Baloiboi Baccaurea philippinensis (Merr.) Merr.
Dilak Baccaurea tetrandra (Baill.) Muell.-Arg.
Tuai Bischofia javanica Blume
Subiang Bridelia insulana Hance
Malabagang Glochidion album (Blanco) Boerl.
Sampa-sampalukan Phyllanthus debilis Klein ex Willd.
Tinta-tintahan Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.

PUTRANJIVACEAE Endlicher [3 genera. Tropical, esp. Africa and Malesia. Trees,]

Gakakan Drypetes falcata (Merr.) Pax & K. Hoffm.
Tinaang pantai Drypetes maquilingensis (Merr.) Pax & K. Hoffm.
Kari-kari Drypetes subcrenata (Mer.) Pax & K. Hoffm.

PASSIFLORACEAE Juss. Ex Kunth [ 17 genera. Widespread trop. And warm temp. Shrubs, herbs, often climbing.]
Pasionaria *Passiflora edulis Sims
Karunggut *Passiflora foetida L.
Pasionariang liitan *Passiflora pulchella H.B.K.

MALPIGHIACEAE Juss. [65 genera. Trop. Subtrop., esp. New World. Trees, shrubs,
often climbing.]
 Binusisi Tristellateia australasiae Rich.

RAFFLESIACEAE Dumort. [9 genera. Tropics occasionally warm-temperate. Root

or stem parasites.]
Malaboo Rafflesia manillana Teschem.

RHIZOPHORACEAE R. Br. [14 genera. Trees, shrubs, some mangrove.]

Bakauan gubat Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr.

SALICACEAE Mirbel [55 genera. Pantropical, also temp. (excl. Australea,

New Zealand) to arctic. Trees.]
Talitan Casearia fuliginosa (Blanco) Blanco
Governor’s plum *Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeuschel
Bitongol Flacourtia rukam Zoll & Moritzi
Oonog Osmelia philippina (Turez.) Benth.

Order OXALIDALES
CONNARACEAE R. Br. [12 genera. Widespread in tropics. Trees, shrubs, lianas.]
Ulali Agelaea trinervis (Llanos) Merr.
Palala Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merr.
Sadalino Connarus semidecandrus Jack
Kamagsa Rourea minor (Gaertn.) Leenh.

CUNONIACEAE R.Br. [23 genera.S. Hem. (esp. Australasia, New Cal.) to

Philippines, W. Indies. Woody.]
Itangan Weinmannia luzonensis Vidal

ELAEOCARPACEAE Juss. ex DC. [9 genera. Trop.Subtrop.excl. Africa,occas. Temp.

Trees,shrubs.]
Kalomala Elaeocarpus calomala (Blanco) Merr.
Tabian Elaeocarpus monocera Cav.

OXALIDACEAE R.Br. [6 genera. Widespread. Herbs, shrubs, some small, trees.]

Kamias *Averrhoa bilimbi L.
Balimbing *Averrhoa carambola L.
Makahiyang lalake Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC.

FABACEAE: CAESALPINIODEAE (=LEGUMINOSAE: CAESALPINIODEAE) [150 genera.Mostly in tropics.

Trees, shrubs, climbers, some herbs.]
Malaipil Afzelia borneensis Harris
Tindalo Afzelia rhomboidea (Blanco) Vidal
Amherstia *Amherstia nobilis Wall.
Kulibangbang *Bauhinia acuminata L.
Hongkong tree *Bauhinia blakeana Dunn.
Alibangbang pula *Bauhinia galpinii N.E. Br.
Agpoi Bauhinia integrifolia Roxb.
subsp. cumingiana (Benth.)K.& S.S. Larsen
Alibangbang Bauhinia malabarica Roxb
Fringon *Bauhinia monandra Kurz
Fringon pula *Bauhinia purpurea L.
Brownea *Brownea grandiceps Jacq.
Divi-divi *Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd.
Kamot kabag Caesalpinia latisiliquum (Cav.) Hattink
Caballero *Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz
Golden shower * Cassia fistula L.
Yellow shower *Cassia fruticosa Mill.
Anchoan Cassia javanica L.
Pink shower Cassia javanica L. subsp. nodosa (Roxb.)K&S.S. Larsen
Balitbitan Cynometra ramiflora L.
Fire tree *Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf.
Tiri Gleditsia rolfei Vidal
Logwood *Haematoxylon campechianum L.
Jatoba *Hymenaea courbaril L.
Ipil Instia bijuga (Colebr.) O. Ktze.
Balete Kingiodendron alternifolium (Elmer) Merr. & Rolfe
Siar Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Back ex Heyne
Saraca *Saraca declinata (Jack) Miq.
Narrow-leaf saraca *Saraca cauliflora Baker
Brazilian fire tree *Schizolobium parahybum (Vell.) Blake
Thailand shower Senna siamea (L.) Irwin & Barneby
Antsoan dilau Senna spectabilis (DC.) Irwin & Barneby
Kayugalo Sindora inermis Merr.
Supa Sindora supa Merr.
Kamatog Sympetalandra densiflora (Elmer) Steen.
Sampalok *Tamarindus indica L.

FABACEAE: MIMOSOIDEAE (=LEGUMINOSAE: MIMOSOIDEAE) [40 genera. Mostly in

tropics. Trees, shrubs,climbers, some herbs.]
Acacia *Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn.ex Benth.
Ayangile Acacia confusa Merr.
Aroma *Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.
Mangium *Acacia mangium Willd.
Tanglin Adenanthera intermedia Merr.
Malatanglin Adenanthera pavonina Merr.
Akle Albizia acle (Blanco) Merr.
Langil Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.
Akleng parang Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth
Salingkugi Albizia saponaria (Lour.) Blume ex Miq.
Tiagkot Archidendron clypearia (Jack) Nielsen
Anagap Archidendron scutiferum (Blanco) Nielsen
Calliandra *Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn.
Fireball *Calliandra haematocephala Hassk.
Pinkball *Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth
Gogo Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr.
Earpod *Enterolobium cyclocarpum Griseb.
Ipil-ipil Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Makahiya *Mimosa pudica L.
Moluccan sau Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen
Kupang Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr.
Kamachile *Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb) Benth.
Rain tree *Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.
Banuyo Wallaceodendron celebicum Koord.
Pinkado *Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub.

FABACEAE: FABOIDEAE (=LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEAE) [429 genera.

Widespread. Trees,shrubs, climbers, herbs.]
Dhak *Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.
Dilang butiki *Centrosema pubescens Benth.
Pukinggan kahoi *Clitoria racemosa G. Don
Chinese rosewood *Dalbergia conchinchinensis Lour.
Indian rosewood *Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.
 Dapdap palong *Erythrina crista-galli L.
Dapdap Erythrina variegata L.
Rarang Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.
Payang-payang Flemingia strobilifera (L.) Roxb. ex W. Aiton
Kakaute *Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.
Bahai Ormosia calavensis Azaola
Bani Pongomia pinnata (L.) Merr.
Smooth narra Pterocarpus indicus Willd. forma indicus
Prickly narra Pterocarpus indicus Willd. forma echinatus (Pers.)Rojo
Katurai *Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers.
Jade vine Strongylodon macrobotrys A. Gray

Order ROSALES
CANNABACEAE Martynov [11 genera. Worldwide, but not Arctic. Trees, or herbaceous shrubs.]
Alasiis Aphananthe philippinensis Planch
Magabuyo Celtis luzonica Warb.
Malaikmo Celtis philippensis Blanco
Anabiong Trema orientalis (L.) Blume

MORACEAE Link [37 genera. Trop. and warm-temp., occas. temp. Trees, or herbaceous shrubs.]
Upas Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch.
Rimas (seedless form)/ Kamansi (seeded form)*Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosb.
Antipolo Artocarpus blancoi (Elmer) Merr.
Nangka Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
Kubi Artocarpus nitidus Trec.
Marang banguhan Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco
Anubing Artocarpus ovatus Blanco
Kalulot Artocarpus rubrovenius Warb.
Himbabao Broussonetia luzonica (Blanco) Bur.
Paper mulberry *Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent.
Panama rubber *Castilloa elastica Cerv.
Upling gubat Ficus ampelas Burm. f.
Kataupi Ficus punctata Thunb.
Benghal fig *Ficus benghalensis L.
Salisi Ficus benjamina L.
Basikong Ficus botryocarpa Miq.
Basikong kalauang Ficus linearifolia Elmer
Kalukoi Ficus callosa Willd.
India rubber Ficus elastica Roxb.
Butli Ficus gul Lauterb. & K. Schum.
Alangas Ficus heteropoda Miq.
Upling-buntotan Ficus heteropleura Blume
Aplas Ficus irisana Elmer
Kanapai Ficus magnoliifolia Blume
Hagimit Ficus minahassae (Teijsm. & de Vr.) Miq.
Tibig Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr.
Pakiling Ficus odorata (Blanco) Merr.
Fiddle leaf fig *Ficus pandurata Hance
Niog-niogan Ficus pseudopalma Blanco
Dungo Ficus nervosa B. Heyne ex Roth
subsp. pubinervis (Blume) C.C. Berg
Bo tree Ficus religiosa L
Tabgun Ficus ruficaulis Merr.
Malatibig Ficus satterthwaitei Elmer
Hauili Ficus septica Burm. f.
 Marabotum Ficus subcordata Blume
Baleteng-baging Ficus subulata Blume
Is-is Ficus ulmifolia Lamk
Tangisang-bayawak Ficus variegata Blume
Dolalog Ficus variegata Blume var. sycomoroides (Miq.)Corner
Patdang labuyo Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner
Malaisis Malaisia scandens (Lour.) Planch.
Mulberry *Morus alba Lour.
Malanangka Parartocarpus venenosus (Zoll. & Moritzi) Becc.
subsp. papuanus (Becc.) Jarret
Kalios Streblus asper Lour.
Agus-us Trophis philippinensis (Bur.) Corner

RHAMNACEAE Juss [51 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, lianas, few herbs.]
Maladuklap Ziziphus cumingiana Merr.
Lumuluas Ziziphus hutchinsonii Merr.
Balakat Ziziphus talanai (Blanco) Merr.

ROSACEAE Juss. [97 genera. Widespread, esp. N. Hemisphere. Trees,

shrubs, herbs.]
Lago Prunus grisea (C. Muell.) Kalkm.

URTICACEAE Juss. [55 genera. Widespread, but mainly tropical. Herbs, shrubs,
occas. lianas, trees.]
Trumpet tree *Cecropia peltata L.
Lipang kalabau Dendrocnide meyeniana (Walp.) Chew
Lipang aso Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew
Alagasi Leucosyke capitellata (Poir.) Wedd.
Musanga *Musanga cecropioides R. Br.
Alabong *Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm.
Dalunot Pipturus arborescens (Link) C.B. Rob.
Hanopol tindig Poikilospermum erectum (Blanco) Merr.
Hanopol Poikilospermum suaveolens (Blume) Merr.
Alilaua Vellerbrunea trinervis Wedd.

Order CUCURBITALES
CUCURBITACEAE Juss. [120 genera. Widespread. Herbs, usually climbing, rarely
woody.]
Kabatete Alsomitra macrocarpa (Blume) Roem.
Tamling Coccinea grandis (L.) Voigt
Tabuyok Trichosanthes quinquangulata A. Gray.
Kabalonga Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour.
Melon daga Zehneria indica (Lour.) Keraudren

DATISCACEAE R. Br. [3 genera. E. Medit. To Australia, S.W. usA and Mexico.

Trees, herbs.]
Binuang Octomeles sumatrana Miq.

Order FAGALES
BETULACEAE Gray [2 genera. Temp. Eurasia to Indochina, Andes. Mostly
trees.]
Japanese alnus *Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud.

CASUARINACEAE R. Br. [4 genera. Tropical Asia to Australia and Pacific. Trees,

shrubs.]
 Agoho Casuarina equisetifolia Forst.
Agoho del monte Gymnostoma rumphianum (Miq.) L. Johnson
Maribuhok Gymnostoma sumatranum (Jungh. Ex De Vriese) L.
Johnson

FAGACEAE Dumort. [8 genera. Widespread except tropical Africa. Mostly trees.]

Malagasa Castanopsis inermis (Lindl. Ex Wall.) B. & H.
Gasa Castanopsis javanica (Blume) A. DC.
Philippine chestnut Castanopsis philippinensis (Blanco) Vidal
Pangnan Lithocarpus sulitii Soepadmo
Manggasiriki Lithocarpus ovalis (Blanco) Rehd.

JUGLANDACEAE A. Rich. Ex Kunth [8 genera. Med. To trop. and E. Asia, N. and S.

Amer. Mostly trees.]
Lupisan Engelhardtia spicata Blume

Order BRASSICALES
CAPPARACEAE Juss. [42 genera. Widespraed trop., some warm temp. Shrubs,
some herbs, trees.]
Tarabtab Capparis sepiaria L.

CARICACEAE Dumort. [4 genera. Trop. and subtrop. America, trop. Africa. Trees,
herbs.]
Papaya *Carica papaya L.

MORINGACEAE R. Br. Ex Dumort. [1 genus. Africa, Madagascar, India, naturalised

elsewhere. Trees.]
Malungai *Moringa oleifera Lamk

Order MALVALES
BIXACEAE Link [1 genus, monotypic. Trop. America, introd. Elsewhere. Shrubs to small
trees.]
Achuete *Bixa orellana L.

COCHLOSPERMACEAE Planch. [2 genera. Trop. Africa, Asia to Australia, trop. Amer. Trees,
subshrubs.]
Buttercup tree *Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Spreng.

DIPTEROCARPACEAE Blume [16 genera. Old World trop. esp. Indomal, and Guyana,
S. America. Trees.]
Dagang Anisoptera aurea Foxw.
Palosapis Anisoptera thurifera (Blanco) Blume
Tailed-leaf apitong Dipterocarpus caudatus Foxw.
Panau Dipetrocarpus gracilis Blume
Apitong Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Balnco
Malapanau Dipterocarpus kerrii King
Hairy-leaf apitong Dipetrocarpus alatus Roxb. ex G. Don.
Broad-winged apitong Dipterocarpus kunstleri King
Hagakhak Dipterocarpus validus Blume
Manggachapui Hopea acuminata Merr.
Dalingdingan Hopea foxworthyi Elmer
Kaliot Hopea malibato Foxw.
Gisok-gisok Hopea philippinensis Dyer
Saplungan Hopea plagata (Blanco) Vidal
Bagtikan Parashorea malaanonan (Blanco) Merr.
 Tiaong Shorea ovata Dyer ex Brandis
Almon Shorea almon Foxw.
Yakal Shorea astylosa Foxw.
White lauan Shorea contorta Vidal
Guijo Shorea guiso (Blanco) Blume
Red lauan Shorea negrosensis Foxw.
Mayapis Shorea palosapis (Blanco) Merr.
Malaanonang Shorea polita Vidal
Tanguile Shorea polysperma (Blanco) Merr.
Narig Vatica mangachapoi Blanco

MALVACEAE Juss. [204 genera. Cosmopolitan. Trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs.]

Malibayo Berrya ammonilla Roxb.
Malabulak Bombax ceiba L.
Peruvian parasol *Cavanillesia hylogeiton Ulbr.
American kapok *Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.
Anilau Colona serratifolia Cav.
Kakaag Commersonia bartramia (L.) Merr.
Saluyot Corchorus acutangulus Lam.
Balobo Diplodiscus paniculatus Turez.
Durian Durio zibethinus Murr.
Danglin Grewia multiflora Juss.
Guasimo *Guazuma tomentosa HBK.
Lumbayao Heritiera javanica (Blume) Kosterm.
Dungon late Heritiera littoralis Ait.
Dungon Heritiera sylvatica Vidal
Vidal’s lanutan Hibiscus camphylosiphon Turez.
var. glabrescens (Warb. Ex Perk.) Bross.
Gumamela *Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.
Gumamela de Araña *Hibiscus schizopetalus (M.T. Mast.) Hook. f.
Tan-ag Kleinhovia hospita L.
Kinay lumpang Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Sarcke
Labayo Melochia umbellata (Houtt.) Stapf
Kamuling Microcos stylocarpa (Warb.) Burr.
Balsa *Ochroma pyramidale (Cav.) Urb.
Taluto Pterocymbium tinctorium (Blanco) Merr.
Kulatingan Pterospermum obliquum Blanco
Bayok Pterospermum diversifolium Blume
Bayok-bayokan Pterospermum celebicum Miq.
Walis-walisan *Sida acuta Burm. f.
Igat-igat *Sida javensis Cav.
Takling baka *Sida rhombifolia L.
Banilad Sterculia comosa Wallich
Tapinag Sterculia crassiramea Merr.
Tapinag bundok Sterculia cordata Blume var. montana (Merr.)
Tantra
Kalumpang Sterculia foetida L.
Malabuho Sterculia oblongata R. Br.
Sinaligan Sterculia rubiginosa Vent. var. rubiginosa
Malubago Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell.
Cacao *Theobroma cacao L.
Buntan Trichosperma discolor Elmer
Sayapo Trichosperma eriopodum (Turez.) Merr.
Kulot-kulotan *Triumfetta rhombiodea Jacq.
Kollo-kollot *Urena lobata L.
MUNTIGIACEAE Bayer, Chase, & Fay [1 genus. Trop. Subtrop. Trees, shrubs.]
Datiles *Muntigia calabura L.

THYMELAEACEAE A. DC. [58 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, lianas, herbs.]

Salagong sibat Wikstroemia lanceolata Merr.

Order SAPINDALES
ANACARDIACEAE Lindl. [68 genera. Widespread, mostly tropical. Trees, shrubs,
lianas.]
Kasoy *Anacardium occidentale L.
Balinghasai Buchanania arborescens (Blume) Blume
Balitantan Buchanania nitida Engl.
Dao Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr.
Lamio Dracontomelon edule (Blanco) Skeels
Amugis Koordersiodendron pinnatum (Blanco) Merr.
Pahutan Mangifera altissima Blanco
Baluno Mangifera caesia Jack
Mangga *Mangifera indica L.
Sangilo *Pistacia chinensis Bunge
Ligas Semecarpus cuneiformis Blanco
Manalu Semecarpus longifolius Blume
Kamiring Semecarpus philippinensis Engl.
Hog plum *Spondias mombin L.
Libas Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz
Sineguelas Spondias purpurea L.

BURSERACEAE Kunth [18 genera. Widespread in tropics. Trees, shrubs.]

Pagsahingin Canarium asperum Benth.
Pagsahingin bulog Canarium calophyllum Perk.
Dulit Canarium hirsutum Willd.
Piling liitan Canarium luzonicum (Blume) A. Gray
Pili Canarium ovatum Engl.
Bogo Garuga floribunda Decne

MELIACEAE Juss. [51 genera. Widespread trop. And subtrop, rarely temp. Trees, some
shrubs.]
Iloilo Aglaia argentea Blume
Malasaging Aglaia edulis (Roxb.) Wall.
Salakin pula Aglaia elliptica Blume
Bayanti Aglaia rimosa (Blanco) Merr.
Kangko Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.N. Parker
Neem tree *Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
Spanish cedar *Cedrela odorata L.
Balukanag Chisocheton camingianus (C. DC.) Harms. Subsp.
cumingianus
Katong matsing Chisocheton pentandrus (Blanco) Merr
. subsp. pentandrus
Kalimutain Dysoxylum arborescens (Blume) Miq.
Tara-tara Dysoxylum cumingianum C. DC.
Igyo Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum (A. Juss.) Miq.
Himamao Dysoxylum mollissimum Blume subsp. mollissimum
Kalibaian Heynea trijuga Roxb. ex Sims
Lansones Lansium domesticum Correa
Bagalunga Melia dubia Cav.
 Santol Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr.
Big leaf Mahogany *Swietenia macrophylla King
Small leaf mahogany *Swietenia mahogany (L.) Jacq.
Kalantas Toona calantas Merr. & Rolfe
Danupra Toona sureni (Blume) Merr.

RUTACEAE Juss. [158 genera. Widespread, mostly trop. and subtrop. Trees, shrubs,
lianas, few herbs.]
Malarayap intsik *Atalantia citrioides Pierre
Satin wood *Chloroxylon swietenia DC.
Kalamansi *Citrofortunella microcarpa (Bunge) Wijnands
Kabuyau Citrus hystrix DC.
Lukban Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.
Sintones Citrus reticulata Blanco
Kayumanis Clausena anisum-olens (Blanco) Merr.
Kalomata Clausena brevistyla Oliv.
Bugauak Evodia confusa Merr.
Kukong banog Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr.
Lunas Lunasia amara Blanco
Matang-araw Melicope triphylla (Lam.) Merr.
Tulibas tilos Micromelum minutum (J.G. Forster) Wight & Arn.
Kamuning Murraya paniculata Jack
Limoncito *Triphasia aurantiola Lour.

SIMAROUBACEAE A. DC. [20 genera. Tropics and subtropics, occas. warm-temp. Trees, shrubs.]
Malasapsap Ailanthus integrifolia Lam.
Malakamias Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alst.
Makamara Brucea mollis Wall. ex Kurz
Coralis *Quassia amara L.

SAPINDACEAE Juss. [135 genera. Worldwide distribution. Trees, shrubs,

lianas.]
Philippine Maple Acer laurinum Hassk.
Barotongol Allophyllus cobbe (L.) Raeusch.
Baloon vine *Cardiospermum halicacabum L.
Kubili Cubilia cubili (Blanco) Adelb.
Mamoko Glenniea philippinensis (Radlk.) Leenh.
Tamaho Gloeocarpus patentivalvis (Radlk.) Radlk.
Alahan Guioa koelreuteria (Blanco) Merr.
Uas Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk.
Kulayo Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh.
Pospos Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl.) Radlk.
Alupag Litchi chinensis Sonn. Subsp. Philippinensis
(Radlk.) Leenh.
Ambalag Mischoscarpus pentapetalus (Roxb.) Radlk.
Rambutan Nephelium lappaceum L.
Kapulasan Nephelium rambutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.
Malugai Pometia pinnata Forst. & Forst.
Malugai liitan Pomelia pinnata Forst. & Forst. forma repanda
Jacobs
Kusibeng Sapindus saponaria L. forma mirocarpa Radlk.

Order CORNALES
CORNACEAE (Dumort.) Dumort. [13 genera. N. temp. trop. Asia, Africa, rare S. Amer. Trees, shrubs.]
Bagaloan Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms & Rehd.
 Malatapai Alangium longiflorum Merr.
Putian Alangium javanicum (Blume) Wangerin
Apanit Mastixia philippinensis Wang

Order ERICALES
ACTINIDIACEAE Hutch [3 genera. Warm-temp. Asia, Auatralia, Fiji, Trop. America. Trees,
shrubs, lianas.]
Daguey Saurauia bontocensis Merr.
Kolalabang Saurauia latibractea Choisy

EBENACEAE Gurke [3 genera. Widespread tropics, occas. warm-temperate. Trees,

shrubs.]
Talang gubat Diospyros copelandii Merr.
Burma kanomoi *Diospyros ehretioides Wall.
Ebony Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) Bakh.
Kamagong Diospyros blancoi A. DC.
Bolong eta Diospyros pilosanthera Blanco
Anang Diospyros pyrrhocarpa Miq.

LECYTHIDACEAE Poit [20 genera. Tropics,esp. New World. Trees, shrubs.]

Botong Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz
Putat Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Blume ex DC.
Brazil nut *Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl.
Cannon ball tree *Couroupita guianensis Aubl.
Toog Petersianthus quadrialatus Merr.
Lamog Planchonia spectabilis Merr.

MYRSINACEAE R. Br. [39 genera. Widespread trop.,occas.temp. Mostly trees,shrubs,lianas.]

Katagpo Ardisia clementis Presl.
Aunasin Ardisia pyramidalis (Cav.) Pers.
Tagpo Ardisia squamulosa Elmer
Paginga Discocalyx cymbianthoides (A.DC.) Mez.

SAPOTACEAE Juss. [53 genera. Widespread in tropics,rarely warm-temperate.

Trees,shrubs.]
Caimito *Chrysophyllum cainito L.
Betis Madhuca betis (Blanco) Macbr. & Merr.
Chico *Manilkara sapota (L.) Royer.
Bansalagin Mimusops elengi L.
Tagotoi Palaquium foxworthyi Merr.
Nato Palaquium luzoniense (F. Vill.) Vidal
Dulitan Palaquium merrillii Dub.
Malakmalak-bundok Palaquium montanum Elmer
Malakmalak Palaquium philippinense (Perr.) C.B. Rob.
Maniknik Palaquium tenuipetiolatum Merr.
Duklitan Pouteria duclitan (Blanco) Baehni
White Nato Pouteria macrantha (Merr.) Baehni
Tiesa *Pouteria rivicoa (Gaertn.f.) Ducke

SYMPLOCACEAE Desf. [1 genus. Trop. and subtrop. Asia, Australia, Pacific,America.

Mostly trees]
 Agosip Symplocos ahernii Brand.

THEACEAE D. Don [25 genera. Tropical to warm-temperate. Mostly trees,shrubs.]

Haikan Camellia lanceolata (Blume) Seem.
Tsa *Thea sinensis L.

UNPLACED EUASTERID I FAMILY

BORAGINACEAE Juss. [117 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs,herbs.]
Anonang Cordia dichotoma G. Forster
Tanaua Ehretia acuminata R. Br.
Halimomog Ehretia philippinensis A.DC.

Order GENTIANALES
APOCYNACEAE Juss. [355 genera. Widespread, tropical & subtrop. Trees, shubs,
lianas, herbs.]
Batino Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex DC.
Dita Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
Chichirica *Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don
Kalipkip Dischidia purpurea Merr.
Shooting Stars Hoya multiflora (Blume) Decne
Hingiw Ichnocarpus volubilis Merr
Laneteng Gubat Kibatalia gitingensis (Elmer) Woods.
Adelfa *Nerium oleander L.
Alibutbut Tabernaemontana mucronata Merr.
Pandakaki Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir.
Yellow oleander *Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum.
Bayag usa Voacanga globosa (Blanco) Merr.
Lanete Wrightia pubescens R. Br. subsp. laniti (Blanco)
Ngan

LOGANIACEAE R. Br. ex Mart. [20 genera. Widespread trop. Rarely temp. Trees, shrubs,
lianas, occas, herbs.]
Balat-buaia Fagraea racemosa Jack ex Wall.
Strychnine tree Strychnos nux-vomica L.

RUBIACEAE Juss. [606 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, herbs, some lianas.]
Ligad-ligad Borreria articularis (L. f.) F. N. Will.
Borreria Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb.
Landrina Borreria ocymoides (Burm.f.) DC.
Malakape Canthium diococcum (Gaertn.) Merr.
Tadiang anuang Canthium monstrosum (A. Rich.) Merr.
Red rubia *Carphalea kirondron Baill.
Kape *Coffea arabica L.
Rosal Gardenia jasminoides Ellis
Balanigan Gardenia longiflora Vidal
Hedyotis Hedyotis biflora (L.) Lam.
Santan *Ixora chinensis Lam.
Mayanman Ixora longistipula Merr.
Ludek Ludekia bernardoi (Merr.) Ridsd.
Nino Morinda citrifolia L. bracteata (Roxb.) Hook. f
Kahoy dalaga Mussaenda philippica A. Rich
Doña Aurora Mussaenda philippica A. Rich var. aurorae Sulit
Bangkal Nauclea orientalis (L.) L.
Kaatoan Bangkal Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser
Lisak Neonauclea bartlingii (DC.) Merr.
 Kalamansanai Neonauclea calycina (Bartl.) Merr.
Wisak Neonauclea media (Havil.) Merr.
Gusakan Pavetta indica L.
Adina Pertusadina multifolia (Havil.) Ridsd.

Order LAMIALES
ACANTHACEAE Juss. [229 genera. Mostly tropical. Herbs, vines or trees; some
mangroves.]
Kisul-amu Hemigraphis primulaefolia (Nees) F. Vill.
Shrimp plant *Justicia brandegeana Wassh. & L.B. Sm.
Red jacobinia *Justicia coccinea Aubl.
Red odontonema *Odontonema strictum (Nees.) O. Kuntze
Sili-silihan *Ruellia tuberosa L.
Sky flower *Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb.

BIGNONIACEAE Juss. [111 genera. Tropics, occasionally warm-temp. Trees, lianas,

rarely herbs.]
Calabash tree *Crescentia cujeta L.
Sausage tree *Kigelia africana (Lamk.) Benth.
Pinkapinkahan Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz
Banai-banai Rodermachera pinnata (Blanco) Seem.
Candle tree *Parmentiera cereifera Seem.
Binalimbing *Parmentiera aculeata (HBK.) Seem.
African tulip *Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv.

LAMIACEAE Lindl. [258 genera. Cosmopolitan. Herbs, shrubs, or trees.]

Palis Callicarpa erioclana Schauer
Tambabasi Callicarpa formosana Rolfe
Atimla Callicarpa magna Schauer
Kasupangil Clerodendrum intermedium Cham.
Pay-at Clerodendrum macrostegium Schauer
Bagauak Clerodendrum minahassae Teijsm. & Binn.
Fireworks Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Blanco) Merr.
Music bush Clerodendrum syphonanthus R. Br.
Gmelina *Gmelina arborea Roxb.
Magilik Premna cumingiana Schauer
Alagau Premna odorata Blanco
Teak *Tectona grandis L. f.
Philippine Teak Tectona philippinensis Benth. & Hook
Dangula Teijsmanniodendron ahernianum (Merr.) Bakh.
Lagundi Vitex negundo L.
Molave Vitex parviflora Juss.
Lingo-lingo Viticipremna philippinensis (Turcz.) H. J. Lam.

VERBENACEAE J. St.-Hil. [36 genera. Widespread, mostly tropical. Trees, shrubs,

herbs.]
Coronitas *Lantana camara L.
Molawin baging Symphorema luzonicum (Blanco) F.-Vill.

OLEACEAE Hoffmanns. & Link [24 genera.. Widespread tropics and warm-temp. Trees,
shrubs, climbers.]
Philippine ash Fraxinus griffithii C.B. Clarke
Sampaguita Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.
Chinese privet *Ligustrum philippinensis Carr.
Kuratan Linociera philippinensis Merr.
 Karaksan Linociera ramiflora Wall.

PAULOWNIACEAE Nakai [1 genus. Warm temperate East Asia. Trees.]

Paulownia *Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc.
Ex Steud.

Order SOLANALES
CONVOLVULACEAE Juss. [55 genera. Widespread. Mostly herbs, often climbing, rarely
trees.]
Sweet potato Ipomea batatas (L.) Lamk.
Bangbangau Ipomea obscura (L.) Ker.-Gawl.
Lambayong Ipomea pes-carpae (L.) R. Br.
Morning glory Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth.
Agau Ipomea quamoclit L.
Aurora Ipomea triloba L.
Wood rose Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle
Kalalaknit Merremia vitifolia (Burm. f.) Hall. f.

SOLANACEAE Juss. [96 genera. Widespread. Mostly herbs, shrubs, occasionally

trees.]
Dama de Noche Cestrum nocturnum L.
Talong punay Datura metel L.
Bagan bagan Lycianthes biflora (Lour.) Bitter
Malatabako Solanum erianthum D. Don
Talong gubat Solanum ferox L.
Taong-talungan Solanum torvum Sw.

Order AQUIFOLIALES
STEMONURACEAE (M. Roem.) Karehed [53 genera. Tropics and subtropics. Trees,
shrubs, lianas.]
Mabunot Gomphandra luzoniensis (Merr.) Merr.
Taingang babui Gonocaryum calleryanum (Baill.) Becc.
Olo-olo Phytocrene blancoi (Azaola) Merr.

Order APIALES
ARALIACEAE Juss. [47 genera. Mostly tropical. Trees, shrubs, climbers,
rarely herbs.]
Malapapaya Polyscias nodosa (Blume) Seem.
Yellow papua *Polyscias ornatum (Bull.) Merr.
Octopus tree *Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms.
Sainat Schefflera blancoi Merr.
Galamay-amo Schefflera elliptica (Blume) Harms.

PITTOSPORACEAE R. Br. [9 genera. Trop. to warm-temp. old World esp. Australasia.

Trees, shrubs.]
Mamalis Pittosporum pentandrum (Blanco) Merr.
Petroleum nut Pittosporum resiniferum Hemsl.

Order ASTERALES
ASTERACEAE Dumort. [1535 genera. Widespread. Mostly herbs or shrubs, some
trees.]
Gonoi *Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob.
Uoko Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Rob.
Wild sunflower Tithonia diversifolia Asa Gray
Malasambong Vernonia vidalii Merr.
 CHECKLIST OF MANGROVE AND BEACH PLANTS OF THE PHILIPPINES

EDWINO S. FERNANDO
Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources
The University of the Philippines – Los Baños, Colege, 4031 Laguna, Philippines

FERNS
PTERIDACEAE Spreng. ex Jameson [44 genera. Widespread. Terrestrial.]
Lagolo Acrostichum aureum L.

ANGIOSPERMS (DICOTS)
AIZOACEAE F. Rudolphi. [128 genera. Trop. subtrop. esp. S. Africa. Herbs,
succulents, rarely shrubs.]
Dampalit Sesuvium portulacastrum L.

CASUARINACEAE R. Br. [4 genera. Tropical Asia to Australia and Pacific. Trees,

shrubs]
Agoho Casuarina equisetifolia Forst.

CLUSIACEAE Lindl. [47 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, lianas,herbs.]

Bitaog Calophyllum inophyllum L.

MALVACEAE Juss. [204 genera. Widespread. Herbs, shrubs, some trees.]

Maragomon Brownlowia lanceolata Benth.
Gapas-gapas Camptostemon philippinense (Vidal) Becc.
Dungon-late Heritiera littoralis Dryand ex W. Ait.
Malubago Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell.
Banalo Thespesia populnea Soland.
Malabanalo Thespesia populneoides (Roxb.) Kostel

EBENACEAE Gurke [3 genera. Widespread tropics,occas. Warm-temperate.

Trees,shrubs.]
Malatinta Diospyros maritima Blume

LECYTHIDACEAE Poit. [20 genera. Tropics,esp. New World. Trees, shrubs.]

Botong Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz
Putat Barringtonia racemosa (L). Blume ex DC.

MYRSINACEAE R. Br. [39 genera. Widespread trop,occas. temp. Mostly

trees,shrubs, lianas.]
Saging-saging Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco
Tinduk-tindukan Aegiceras floridum Roem & Schult.

FABACEAE: CAESALPINIODEAE (=LEGUMINOSAE: CAESALPINIODEAE)[150 genera. Mostly in tropics.

Trees,shrubs,climbers, some herbs.]
Kalumbibit Caesalpinia crista L.
Sapinit Caesalpinia nuga (L.) Ait.
Ipil-laut Intsia retusa (Kurz.) O. Ktze.

FABACEAE: MIMOSOIDEAE (=LEGUMINOSAE: CAESALPINIODEAE) [40 genera. Mostly

in tropics. Trees, shrubs, climbers, some herbs.]
Aroma *Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.
 FABACEAE: FABOIDEAE (=LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEAE) [429 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, climbers,
herbs.]
Pataning dagat Canavalia maritima (Aublet) Thouars
Malapigas Dendrolobium umbellatum Wight. & Arn. ex Benth
Mangasin Derris trifoliata Lour.
Dapdap Erythrina variegata L.
Bani Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre

LYTHRACEAE J. St.-Hil. [30 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, herbs. Some

mangroves.]
Bantigi Pemphis acidula J.R. & Forst.
Pagatpat Sonneratia alba (L.) Smith
Pedada Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl.

MYRTACEAE Juss. [127 genera. Tropics, subtropics and S. Temperate. Trees,

shrubs.]
Taualis Osbornia octodonta F. Muell.

COMBRETACEAE R. Br. [20 genera. Tropics and subtropics. Trees, shrubs,

climbers rarely herbs.]
Tabau Lumnitzera littorea (Jack.) Voigt.
Kulasi Lumnitzera racemosa Willd.
Talisai Terminalia catappa L.

RHIZOPHORACEAE R. Br. [14 genera. Tropics. Trees, shrubs, some mangroves.]

Pototan lalake Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume
Busain Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk.
Langarai Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) W. & A. ex Griff.
Pototan Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir.
Malatangal Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou
Tangal Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob.
Bakauan-lalake Rhizophora apiculata Blume
Bakauan-babae Rhizophora mucronata Lamk.
Bangkau Rhizophora stylosa Griff.

EUPHORBIACEAE Juss. [331 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs,herbs]

Buta-buta Excoecaria agallocha L.
Lamingo Euphorbia atoto G. Forst.

PHYLLANTHACEAE Martynov [56 genera. Pantropical,but esp. Malesia. Herbs to trees.]

Kayong Glochidion littorale Blume

MALPIGHIACEAE Juss. [65 genera. Trop. and subtrop esp. New World. Trees,
shrubs,often climbing.]
Binusisi Tristellateia australasiae A. Rich.

MELIACEAE Juss. [51 genera. Widespread trop. and subtrop., rarely temp.
Trees,some shrubs.]
Tabigi Xylocarpus granatum Koen.
Piagau Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk.) M. Roem.

APOCYNACEAE Juss. [355 genera. Widespread, tropical & subtrop. Trees, shrubs,
lianas, herbs.]
Baraibai Cerbera manghas L.
CONVOLVULACEAE Juss. [55 genera. Widespread. Mostly herbs, often climbing, rarely
trees.]
Lambayong Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) Roth.

BORAGINACEAE Juss. [117 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, herbs.]

Patayud Tournefortia argentea L. f.

LAMIACEAE Lindl. [258 genera. Cosmopolitan. Herbs,shrubs, or trees.]

Alagau dagat Premna integrifolia L.

ACANTHACEAE Juss. [229 genera. Mostly tropical. Herbs, vines, or trees; some
mangroves.]
Tigbau Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl.
Diluario Acanthus ilicifolius L.
Bungalon puti Avicennia alba Blume
Bungalon sahing Avicennia eucalyptifolia Zipp. ex. Miq.
Bungalon Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.
Piapi Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.var. Rumphiana
(Hallier) Bakh.
Api-api Avicennia officinalis L.

BIGNONIACEAE Juss. [111 genera. Tropics, occasionally warm-temp. mostly herbs,

rarely trees.]
Tui Dolichandrone spathacea (L.f.) K. Schum.

GOODENIACEAE R. Br. [12 genera. Australia, trop. and E. Asia, S. Amer., Ind. Ocean
shores. Shrubs,herbs.]
Linu Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.

RUBIACEAE Juss. [606 genera. Widespread. Trees, shrubs, herbs.]

Tabug Guettarda speciosa L.
Bangkoro Morinda citrifolia L.
Nilad Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn. f.

ANGIOSPERMS (MONOCOTS)
AMARYLLIDACEAE J. Saint- Hilaire [59 genera. Tropical (temperate), esp. South America and Africa, also
Mediterranean. Mostly herbs.]
Kabong Crinum asiaticum L.

ARECACEAE C.H. Schultz-Schulztzenstein [200 genera. Widespread trop. subtrop., rarely

temp.Trees, subshrubs, lianas.]
Nipa Nypa fruticans Wurmb.
PANDANACEAE R.Br. [3 genera. Old World tropics to New Zealand. Trees, shrubs,lianas.]
Pandan dagat Pandanus tectorius Soland.
Bakong Pandanus dubius Spreng.

© 2007 E.S.FERNANDO, The University of the Philippines Los Baños.

Index to families
ACANTHACEAE 21, 25 DIPTERIDACEAE 1 PASSIFLORACEAE 12
ACHARIACEAE 11 DIPTEROCARPACEAE 17 PAULOWNIACEAE 22
ACTINIDIACEAE 20 DRYOPTERIDACEAE 2 PHYLLANTACEAE 12, 25
ADIANTACEAE 1 EBENACEAE 20, 24 PINACEAE 3
AGAVACEAE 4 ELAEOCARPACEAE 13 PIPERACEAE 9
AIZOACEAE 23 EUPHORBIACEAE 12, 25 PITTOSPORACEAE 23
AMARANTHACEAE 10 FABACEAE: CAESALPINIODEAE 13, 24 POACEAE 6
AMARYLLIDACEAE 4,25 FABACEAE: FABOIDEAE 14, 24 PODOCARPACEAE 3
ANACARDIACEAE 18 FABACEAE: MIMOSOIDEAE 14, 24 POLYGONACEAE 10
ANNONACEAE 8 FAGACEAE 16 POLYPODIACEAE 2
APOCYNACEAE 21, 25 FLAGELLARIACEAE 6 PROTEACEAE 9
ARACEAE 3 GLEICHENIACEAE 1 PTERIDACEAE 2, 23
ARALIACEAE 23 GNETACEAE 3 PUTRANJIVACEAE 12
ARAUCARIACEAE 3 GOODENIACEAE 25 RAFFLESIACEAE 13
ARECACEAE 5, 25 HELICONIACEAE 7 RHAMNACEAE 16
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE 9 HERNANDIACEAE 9 RHIZOPHORACEAE 13, 24
ASPLENIACEAE 2 HYPOXIDACEAE 4 ROSACEAE 16
ASTERACEAE 23 HYMENOPHYLLACEAE 1 RUBIACEAE 21, 25
AZOLLACEAE 1 JUGLANDACEAE 16 RUSCACEAE 4
BETULACEAE 16 LAMIACEAE 22, 25 RUTACEAE 19
BIGNONIACEAE 22, 25 LAURACEAE 8 SABIACEAE 9
BIXACEAE 17 LAXMANNIACEAE 4 SALICACEAE 13
BLECHNACEAE 2 LEEACEAE 10 SALVINIACEAE 2
BORAGINACEAE 21 LECYTHIDACEAE 20, 24 SANTALACEAE 10
BURSERACEAE 18 LINDSAEACEAE 2 SAPINDACEAE 19
CANNACEAE 7 LOGANIACEAE 21 SAPOTACEAE 20
CANNABACEAE 15 LOMARIOPSIDACEAE 2, 23 SCHIZAEACEAE 2
CAPPARACEAE 16 LORANTHACEAE 10 SELAGINELLACEAE 1
CARICACEAE 16 LYGODIACEAE 1 SIMAROUBACEAE 19
CASUARINACEAE 16, 23 LYTHRACEAE 10, 24 SOLANACEAE 23
CELASTRACEAE 11 MAGNOLIACEAE 8 STAPHYLEACEAE 11
CHLORANTHACEAE 9 MALPIGHIACEAE 13, 25 STEMONURACEAE 23
CHYSOBALANACEAE 11 MALVACEAE 17,23 STRELITZIACEAE 8
CLUSIACEAE 12, 23 MARANTACEAE 7 SYMPLOCACEAE 20
COCHLOSPERMACEAE 17, 24 MARATTIACEAE 1 TACCACEAE 5
COMBRETACEAE 10, 24 MELASTOMATACEAE 11 TAXACEAE 3
COMMELINACEAE 6 MELIACEAE 18,25 TECTARIACEAE 2
CONNARACEAE 13 MENISPERMACEAE 9 THEACEAE 21
CONVOLVULACEAE 22, 25 MORACEAE 15 THELYPTERIDACEAE 3
CORNACEAE 20 MORINGACEAE 17 THYMELAEACEAE 18
COSTACEAE 7 MUNTIGIACEAE 18 TYPHACEAE 7
CRYPTERONIACEAE 11 MUSACEAE 8 URTICACEAE 16
CUCURBITACEAE 16 MYRISTICACEAE 8 VERBENACEAE 22
CUNONIACEAE 13 MYRSINACEAE 20, 24 VITACEAE 10
CUPRESSACEAE 3 MYRTACEAE 11, 24 WOODSIACEAE 3
CYATHEACEAE 2 NEPENTHACEAE 10 ZINGIBERACEAE 8
CYCADACEAE 3 NYCTAGINACEAE 10
CYCLANTHACEAE 5 OLACACEAE 10
CYPERACEAE 6 OLEACEAE 22
DATISCACEAE 16 OLEANDRACEAE 2
DAVALLIACEAE 2 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 1
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE 2 ORCHIDACEAE 4
DILLENIACEAE 9 OXALIDACEAE 13
DIOSCOREACEAE 5 PANDANACEAE 5, 25