Name: Lachica, Royce Anne Marie J.

Grade & Section: 11 ABM-C

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS

(WEEK 5-6)
WHAT’S IN
Learning Task 1
1. ETHNOCENTRISM
2. CULTURAL RELATIVISM
3. ETHNOCENTRISM
4. CULTURAL RELATIVISM
5. CULTURAL RELATIVISM

WHAT’S NEW
Learning Task 2: The ICEMAN and the ALPS

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Your assignment:

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By yourself, use at least 6 pieces of evidence to tell a story about the events leading to the

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Iceman’s death. Remember that the only wrong answer in history is an answer that lack evidence.

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Be creative.
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In year 1991, hikers found a dead body and notified the authorities about it. They thought
that this was just a person who died on a recent hike, but later on they found out by
extensive scientific testing that the man is already 5,000 years old. According to the
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autopsy, they found out a cerebral trauma to the head, cuts and bruises on hands, arrow
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wound in shoulder (arrow probably removed), blood from 4 people (DNA), 57 carbon
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tattoos (dots and lines on lower spine, back of knees and right ankle), and like I said
earlier, about 5000 years old. They also found copper axe, flint knife, unfinished longbow,
flints (stones used for tools and fire), mushrooms, 14 bone-tipped arrows (two finished
and twelve unfinished).
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With that following information we could tell that the “Iceman” is a hunter because he
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has a flint knife which is mostly owned by a hunter. He had planned to climb the Alps to
hunt for animals. He brought with him his copper axe, flint knife, and mushrooms so he
could have something to eat. Days has passed already since the day he started to climb
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the Alps, he got some cuts and bruises on his hands when he is finding some foods to eat.
And while walking his way, he saw flint stones and get it. He used it to make fire to cook
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his food and warm himself, and he keep the other to use in sharpening his knife. A month
passed already, but he still hadn’t seen the reason why he climbed the Alps. It’s dark
already which means another day passed again. He started to set a fire using the flint
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stone and cook his food for that night. While waiting for his food to cook, he decided to
work on the bow and arrows he wanted to make. He got the materials while he was
roaming around the forest looking for something to eat. But when he was making the
bow and arrows which had already made a progress because he already finished 1 arrow,
he suddenly sensed someone probably looking at him. He got his flint knife, but the
unknown person was quick to follow because he shot the “Iceman” on his shoulder before

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 it could move from his place and run. The “Iceman” didn’t bother to follow him and chose
to treat his shoulder instead. He pulled the arrow in his shoulder and keep it. He tried to
treat his wounded shoulder and after that he rest. The morning came but the “Iceman”
still endured the fresh wound on his shoulder. But despite of that he continued his journey,
and while walking he faced a huge challenge which he needs to climb the steep mountain
not to mention that he is also wounded. But nothing stopped the “Iceman,” he started to
climb the steep mountain with his axe, to get a hold of the mountain. Even though he had
was hurt due to the fact that he has a wound on his shoulder, he still manages to reached
the middle part of the mountain. Although this situation didn’t last because he is getting
tired of climbing the mountain and don’t forget the fact that he is wounded that is why
his stamina was consumed more than usual. Due to the fact that he is now getting tired,
he stepped on the wrong place which almost made him fell. Luckily, his axe is holding on
the mountain, but his hand that is holding in the axe is the same hand which is connected
to his wounded shoulder. So later on, the axe slipped and he fell. When he was falling, his
head hit on a huge rock and darkness enveloped his consciousness. This scenario possibly

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caused his cerebral head trauma that they saw on the autopsy.

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1. Based from the activity, what is the significance of human material remains and artifactual
evidence in interpreting culture, social and political processes?

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- The importance of the human material remains and artifactual evidence in interpreting
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culture, social and political processes is that it helps us to have a better understanding of
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what and where everything started.
2. As compared to our lives today what differences do we have from these men who lived 5,000
years ago in terms of biological and cultural features? Use the reconstructed picture of the iceman
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below.
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Present day Human Beings

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Biological Differences:
The average human body size has become shorter. There
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also has been a marked change in diet for most people

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since the end of the last ice age. It is now less varied and
predominantly vegetarian around the globe with a heavy
dependence on foods made from cereal grains. It is likely
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that the human species has been able to adapt to these

and other new environmental pressures because it has
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acquired a steadily greater genetic diversity.

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 3. As you can see, there is a big difference between the biological and sociocultural features
between that Iceman and you. Why do you think changes happened in all aspects of your life from
time to time?
- Yes. I can see the difference between the biological and sociocultural features between
that Iceman and you. The changes happened in my life is mostly caused by the greater
population of human and the evolution of technology that help human in living their daily
lives.

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Cultural Differences:
People at the present day, buy their needs like food,
clothes, water, etc. We also pay for people to make the
clothes and weapons we need. People also promote
equality between men and women although some are
still not approved it.

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 Learning Task 3: The 3-IN-1 Learning Stations

STATION 1
1. The people depend on fishing, planting crops, and raising animals for their supply of food.
They also create small villages with few inhabitants that made their own houses with the
materials they see in their surroundings.

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2. They accomplish tasks by helping one another. They build houses, plant crops, and raise their
animal hand in hand. The ability of every individual to provide their own are recognized

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3. Leadership these days aren’t so prominent and fully concentrated on one person pronouncing

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the rules. They tend to make decision makings with everyone’s opinion involved.
STATION 2 rs e
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1. The picture shows a market place where people buy and sell their own necessities and such.
This is the kind of living is what you can see in present way of living.
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2. People look for jobs to earn their own money and use it to get the resources they need.
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3. Since it is a market place, the kind of leadership they have, must also be organized. Hence,
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they should have some rules and regulations to follow so no seller would be better than the
other.

STATION 3
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1. The picture shows an infrastructure which I think is based on modern era. So, for me the way
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of their loving is much more modern and dependent in technologies.

2. Not all humans in this era have the same physical state because, nowadays not only physical
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state matters but also the mental or emotional state and etc.
3. The relationship in this era is mostly formed and organized by group of people led by one or a
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small group of people whom we call leaders. They are the one who handle and decide for the
sake of the group he is leading.
STATION 4
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1. The way of people lives in this era is more religious. They follow a scripture about the way of
their living and their own beliefs. They also have God or creature that they worship.
2. People here are able to do any task as long as have faith on the one they believe as their
creator.
3. The leadership they have does not signify having greater power but it helps them guide on
what is right according to the scripture lend by their creator.
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 STATION 5
1. The people in this station lives where technologies and sciences are present and continuously
evolving. Humans are educated which makes a lot of new ways in how people live. They also live
in society where money runs all over the world and get whatever you want with just a piece of
paper.
2. In this era, people have more and different skills and capabilities due to being educated.
3. The leadership is also modernized; most governments recognize a leader to follow. All in all,
this person is in charge of the society's rising economy, communication, transportation and etc.
All possible sorts of action to improve the community needs to be evaluated and approved by
this figurehead.
Guide Question:
 In two to three sentences, explain how our cultural and sociopolitical ways has
changed over the years?

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- Cultural and sociopolitical ways has changed over the years due to the

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continuous evolution of human's way of living. This is evolution includes the

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technology and introduction of education to people's lives. Due to the increase

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of people over the time, people choose to have a leader which is chosen by
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people and with its leadership skills.
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WHAT IS IT
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Learning Task 4: Think it over

1. When we try to compare then and now, what are differences in terms of how people carry out
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things physically, culturally, and socio-politically?

- Before, people carry out things with their physical capabilities. They depend on the
resources in their surroundings to survive. They fish, plant crops, raise animals, hunt, and
trade for the things they need. They are also mostly the one who make the equipments that
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they need for living such as knives, houses, furniture, and such. And now, people also do
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things on their own, but with the help of various technology which is produced by people due
to their skills of being educated.
2. What are the different stages in the cultural development of human?
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- The different stages in cultural development are Paleolithic Period, Neolithic Period, and
Age of Metal.
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3. How does human grow culturally, socially, and politically in Paleolithic Period? Neolithic Period?
Age of Metal?
- During the Paleolithic Period, the early humans who existed during this period showed their
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skills with fire and stones that changed their diet and food consumption. Hunting and fishing
were the primary activities of the early humans. They also had their religious rituals based
on nature and developed their own language based on sounds and hand signals.
- During Neolithic Period, modern humans started to exist. From being food gatherers, they
became food producers and introduced the concept of farming. They also became herders
from being hunters during the Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods. They crafted better stone

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 tools and invented the axe. Pots and jars were evident during this period which served as
their food containers and storage. Modern humans also formed their permanent homes and
started to have their own tribes and villages. There was a wide-scale transition of many
human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to of agriculture and settlement
kind of society which eventually led to population increase. People depend on domesticated
plants and animals. They learned to create such crafts as pottery and weaving. They likewise
developed boat as means of transportation and for fishing as well.
- And in Age of Metal, from being nomads during the early stage, human began to develop a
sedentary type of society of which they built-up villages and towns. Furthermore, they were
never contented of their accomplishments. They kept on discovering things for their own
convenience. So, they discovered metals, and they gradually abandoned stone as the basic
element for their instrument and tools. The used of metal such as bronze, copper, and iron
produced a new historical development. During this age, agricultural tools were developed
with bronze, such as plows and sickles, military weapons like swords, spears and shields, as
well as household utensils like jars, bowls and cups. Likewise, a more developed social,

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cultural, political, and economic system were improved. Tribes, empires, and state were

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recognized at this point. This is also when the civilization started.

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4. Why do you think people need a transformation or evolution to adapt to his/her environment?

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- People need transformation or evolution because the environment they are living are also
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constantly changing as time passed by. So, in order to follow with these constant changes,
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we need also need transform to help us survive and live longer.
5. Do you observe practices that preserve culture in today’s living? Explain by giving an example.
- Yes, because there are various practices that show the preservation of our culture. For
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example, the process of "pagba-batik" or drawing through the traditional way is still alive is
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currently being done in the mountains of Luzon. The way of how we eat using our hands.
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6. As a human, how do you progress? List down at least five things that you can’t do 10 years ago,
and the things that you can do at present.
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10 years ago, I CANNOT At present, I CAN

1. I cannot cook my own food. 1. I can now cook my own food.
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2. I cannot go to other places alone. 2. I can now go to the places on my

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own like SM.

3. I cannot have my own phone and
social media accounts. 3. I can now have and manage my
own accounts.
4. I cannot vote.
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4. I can now vote.

5. I cannot manage my own money
5. I can now manage my own money.

WHAT’S MORE

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 ARTICLE READING 101
a. Vividly envision the Stonehenge. No, because people in Stonehenge could be physically fit
Imagine how they built it. Could you and prepared when it comes to number of people that
say that early people were physically will build the infrastructure, but they are still not well
fit and prepared as we are today? educated enough about the things that we have right
now.
b. How did ancient humans end their Ancient humans stopped being nomads because small
“being nomads”? nomadic communities started growing in size. They
discover the agriculture and people found the farming
lifestyle more sustainable.
c. Looking at the “lens” of It gives importance to the creation of civilization and to
Stonehenge, how will you describe the emergence of towns and cities came the birth of trade
the kind of sociopolitical way? and marketplaces which are led to the economy and a
hierarchical society with public leaders and castes.
d. Why Neolithic Revolution is Neolithic Revolution is considered as the most important
considered as the most important development in human history because it facilitated an

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development in human history? economic and societal shift that paved the way for
further developments in the early human lifestyle. As

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such, advances in different aspects of human life started
during this era. It also known as the Agricultural

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Revolution, marked the transition in human history from
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agricultural settlements and early civilization. The
domestication of crops and animals, abundant supplies of
food and resources were maintained. A selective breeding
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process of plants and animals that would allow for the

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development of new species was introduced. There was

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increase in lifespan and human population across

civilizations. And, people learned to play different social
roles apart from being farmers (e.g. craftsman, priest,
leader)
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WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

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Learning Task 5
3 Thoughts I Have Learned
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- Change is something we cannot prevent because whether we like it or not, change is a

must.
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- Change is not bad like what we mostly think because we do it to adapt to the changes in
our surrounding.
- As time passed by, we grow to be better, we left the things that we used to do. This is
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because we want to be better.

2 Things I Want to Remember
- Neolithic period is the period where the biggest change in the cultural
development in our lives.
- Knowing where everything that is happening now all started and how
everything evolves in each period of development.

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 1 Question I Have in Mind
- Will there be still prints or should I say practices that will be left when
things in our lives continuously change?

Life as a Symbol…
I see life as a coin because when a coin was tossed, it
could only have one result and it is either head or tails.
Same with life, it has always one end out of two possible
ends, or your choices and decisions can only have one
result out of two. You must choose your choices and
decisions wisely because it only has two possible result, a
good and a bad. Alhough, you will never know the result
if you will not take the risk. You need to risk things like
how you tossed a coin, while waiting for it to go down to

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catch it and see the results. Risk like your life depends on

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it. The results or end can be a bad or a good, but what

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matters is you don't have any regrets about not taking it.

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I often fear what could happen in the future. But

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whenever I think of this, I find courage to faced the

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going to take.

WHAT I CAN DO
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Learning Task 6:” A Better Me in My Society”

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Your physical attributes & capacity in Your manner of living where some
the midst of health crisis
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ways are now unbecoming

- As a millennial and a Filipino youth, - As a millennial and a Filipino youth,
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I would take care of myself more to I would understand the things more
strengthen my immune system by since the situation we have right now
exercising and eating more healthy wasn't anyone's fault and none of us
foods. This will help to lessen the wanted to be in this situation. And, I
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burden to the front liners due to the would also adjust some of my daily
health crisis we are facing today. activities to adapt on our current
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situation.

ASSESSMENT Your commitment to abide as a citizen

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where some authorities are not

1. D performing well
2. C - As a millennial and a Filipino youth, I
would gladly abide the authorities who
3. D are implementing the health protocols
4. C because this is also to protect me and
5. D the people around me. It is also a way to
honor and to thank the authorities for
performing their duties well.

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 6. A
7. A
8. A
9. C
10. D
11. B
12. A
13. B
14. C
15. B

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