SAMAL HOUSE IN BOOK • tukalog, stud

• Traditional Samal houses are Secondary posts along the perimeter of the
elevated rectangular one-room wall used as vertical support for the exterior
structures near the coastal waters of thatch wall.
Southern Mindanao, Palawan, • taytayan-tikus, roof beam
Zamboanga, and Sulu
archipelago. The lumber or bamboo laid horizontally
• These houses are directly built on throughout the perimeter of the wall to hold
shallow water and connected to the the upper-end portion of the posts.
shore by a pantan (bridge) or
• salsal, joist
directly built on solid ground.
• The houses are clustered in groups A whole bamboo laid horizontally at about
by kinship, with 100 to 500 0.40-0.60 meter spacing to support the
members per group, and affiliated flooring of the house.
with the nearest mosque.
• Coastal house has ample space TAUSUG HOUSEIN THE BOOK
underneath the house for the
bay sinug, house
family's pelang (boat) and fishing
paraphernalia. • The traditional house of the Tausug
in the Southern Philippines. It is
SAMAL HOUSE PARTS
comprised of two or more houses
• bubung, roof on stilts that are connected by an
elevated open space serving as
The gable roof with moderate slope usually house extensions.
made of nipa thatch material on bamboo or • Tausug or "suluk" is the foremost
wood purlins. The roof also has an ethnic group in Sulu then followed by
extended roof for the open deck and built the Badjao (Bajau, Bajao, Badyaw,
just below the end of the main gable roof. SamaI or Sama), the Yakan, the
• pang-tuud, king post Kagayan, the lranun (llanun) and the
Kalibugan (Subanun or Suba' anun).
The central timber post that extends beyond • The word Tausug is said to come-
the perimeter wall to support the gable-end from-the words "tau" (meaning
wall and the ridge of the roof people) and "sug" (meaning tide),
hence they are the "people of the
• habong, tie beam
tide."
A rectangular lumber or bamboo laid across • The two distinct communities of the
the upper section of the room to connect the Tausug is the "tau gimba" (inland
two king posts. people) and the "tau higad" (people
along the shore).
• hanglad, girder
A thick lumber or bamboo which holds the
floor joists of the house.
TAUSUG HOUSE PARTS • tadjuk pasung, bargeboard-end
decoration
• lubing-lubing, rafter
The decoration at the upper-end of the
A rectangular lumber providing support on
bargeboard which covers the projecting end
the ridge beam at its upper end and the
of the gable. The decoration is usually in the
purlins throughout its length.
form of a sea-serpent (naga) or a bird
• tiyadtad, split bamboo wall (manuk-manuk).

A wall covering made from split bamboos • hanglad, roof beam

laid vertically at the exterior portion of the
The perimeter beams above the upper end
wall.
portion of the posts used to support the roof
• hag, post structure and the perimeter wall.

A post at the perimeter of the Tausug Types of "tajuk pasung":

house.
• naga tajuk pasung
• batang-bubungan, ridge beam A sea-serpent style of bargeboard-end
A thick lumber at the ridge of the roof and decoration.
kept in place by the king posts to provide • manuk-manuk tajuk pasung
support for the roof's purlins.
A sarimanok (bird) style of bargeboard-end
• pusal, king post decoration.
A vertical member often in a form similar to Types of Roof:
a baluster with belly base, placed above the
tie and roof beams to reinforce the ridge • sungan - hipped roof with triangular
beam. vents
• libut - pyramidal roof with vents at
• kasaw, purlins the apex
The bamboo or wood branches placed HOUSE SECTION
above the rafter to hold the thatch roof.
• pantan, open space
• ubung, tie beam
An elevated, open extension used as a hall,
A rectangular lumber that runs across the
living space, and place where fruits,
upper portion of the roof to connect the
vegetables, and fishing implements are
central columns and provide support for the kept.
king post.
• lawang, door
• liug, central post
An opening in the main house functioning
The shortest column placed at the center of
as access to adjoining spaces. It is often
the house to hold the crossing floor beams.
provided with a removable enclosing panel.
This post is the first post to be erected and
represents the navel (pipul) of the human
body.
 • dagtong, bamboo water BAHAY KUBO PARTS
containers
• sibi, eaves
A whole bamboo with a removable opening
The portion of the thatch roof that extends
at one-end to hold refilled water, usually laid
beyond the wall.
near the kitchen and bathing area.
• pasibi, lean-to roof
• pang gong, receiving area
A single slope extension of a gable or hip
A space intended to receive and entertain
type roof.
guests.
• banguerahan
• gibayan, main house
An elevated counter made of bamboo strips
The only structure in a Tausug house that is
usually projecting beyond the kitchen wall
provided with nine posts and used both as
living and sleeping areas. which is used to store food and kitchen
utensils.

• sagang, railing
PANAY HOUSE BAHAY KUBO A waist-level railing, made using bamboo,
bahay kubo, cube-shaped house used as an enclosed and protected porch
area.
• A common type of dwelling in
lowland and coastal areas during the • hagdan, stair
Pre-Hispanic Philippines. "Bahay" is The main access to the house with the
a Tagalog word for house while entire framework made from bamboo or
"kubo" is from the Spanish "cubo”, combined with wood.
meaning cube.
• Bahay kubo is a one-room house, • Balangkas, framework
raised above the ground to protect
The skeletal structural element of a roof or
the dwellers from the dampness and
wall, assembled or fitted together to handle
humidity of the earth.
the exterior elements or finishes.
• The bahay kubo has three distinct
horizontal divisions, namely: the • batalan, washing area
stilts or posts, the one-room upper
living unit, and the steep roof. A small space adjacent to the cooking area
The posts are often covered or with a service door leading outside. It is
enclosed with bamboo latticework used for washing hands and feet, bathing
to serve as usable space kids and washing pots and dishes
underneath the house for house • abuhan, cooking area
implements and livestock
• The bahay kubo is often built with An elevated earthen fireplace with a stone
whole bamboo or tree branches stove for cooking and layers of open
as structural framework, and finished shelves for drying firewood and smoking
with bamboo strips for floors, palm fish.
leaves for roof, and bamboo strips or
palm leaves for walls.
 • bulwagan, main house • haligi, post
The main section of the house used as A whole bamboo, vertically set up to support
living, dining, and sleeping areas. the floor and roof members. A post buried
on the ground is called binaon (buried) and
• silong, underneath the house a post set up above a stone slab is referred
An enclosed/open space under the house to as pinatong (placed on)
where harvests are stored, tools and
• patukuran, secondary beam
implement are kept, and livestock (chicken,
pigs, goats) are tended. A whole bamboo laid over the main beam
(yawi) to carry the floor joist (soleras).
• bubong, roof
• soleras, floor joist
The steep thatch roof made from either
bamboo cogon grass, anahaw leaves or A whole bamboo laid parallel with each
nipa shingles as protection and shade from other of about 12 to 15 inches over the
the sun and torrential rains. secondary beam (patukuran) as support for
the flooring.
• nipa
• gililan, floor sill
"Nypa fruiticans," a tropical palm with a
short trunk and broad pinnate leaves that A whole bamboo laid around the perimeter
grows abundantly along rivers and of the house used to hold and support the
estuaries; its leaves are utilized both as walls.
roofing and walling materials.
BONTOC HOUSE IN BOOK
• sahig, flooring
afung, house
Bamboo strips laid perpendicular to the floor
joists, either closely laid or with ample • The traditional type of house in
spaces, allowing natural air to enter through Bontoc, Mountain Province
the floor. comprised of perimeter wooden
walls enclosed in an open living
• dingding, wall space, and central granaries. It is
Finished walls assembled on the ground covered by a steep, thick roof that is
and tightly secured using rattan strips on the almost covering the perimeter wall.
bamboo wall studs. The wall siding is either • Afung is the Bontoc house for
bamboo latticework (sala-sala), interlaced married couples and children up to
bamboo (amakan), woven bamboo (sawali), eight years old.
or woven coconut leaves (sulirap). • Afung is one of the houses in the
Cordillera that is built directly on the
• yawi, main beam ground and its ground space serving
as the main living and working
A whole bamboo, horizontally laid to define
areas.
the perimeter of the house and tied firmly on
each post with rattan strips.
 • babarey, village • falig, granary
The settlement area in a Bontoc community. An elevated one-room structure supported
by four hand-hewn wooden posts and
The village usually consists of ator (men's
enclosed by wooden plank walls. It is used
meeting place), afong (houses), pabafunan as space for storing rice grain
(boy's dormitory), pangis (girl's dormitory),
chap-ay(open space with flat stone in • soklut, cooking area
circular layout), and akhamang (rice
granary). The area, at the left corner of the house, is
intended for cooking and as fireplace for the
adjoining sleeping area.
• The steep roof, made from cogon • tap-an, pounding area
grass that grows abundantly near
the village, extends beyond the walls The section of the house with stone
and much lower than a standing pavement and a pounding hole where the
Bondoc man. task of pounding rice is done.
• The roof and the granary are both • ang-an, sleeping area
supported by independent wooden
posts and function distinctively: the The area utilized for sleeping with a tag
covered roof space as the main (reed mat) as bed for the couple and
house, and the elevated central children up to eight years old.
granary for storing rice grains.
• atep, roof
BONTOC HOUSE PARTS
A steep, thick cogon roof protecting the
• li-im, eating area central granary and the living space below
the granary
The most spacious in the house since it
contains only an elevated stick rack (patyay) • oway, roof undersheating
suspended on the wall, and the water jar
Closely- knit reeds, parallel to the ridge
(panannom) in one corner.
beam, as brace for the cogon grass roof
Stored in patyay are the following:
• tokod, post
khyag (rattan plates)
A heavy square or circular member as
palato (enamel plates) support for both granary and roof structure

ungot (coconut shells or wooden bowls) • fogsor, rafter

tasa (enamel cups) Long wooden branches, tied to the roof
beam above the wall and to the ridge beam
mallakong (enamel bowls) at the apex of the roof It is used to support
fanilag (rattan trays) the reed mat undersheating and thick cogon
roof
fanga (pots)
 • kaew, floorboard An impressive boat, approximately 25
meters in length and carbon-dated to 320
Thick, hand-hewn wooden planks as floor AD, that was built entirely of wood and used
panels of the granary. for seafaring by the ancient Kingdom of
• tey-tey, ladder Butuan.

A wooden ladder, made from branches of A single-room house of light materials that
trees, intended for accessing the central are either integrally built on high trees or
granary. above a tree stump serving as the house's
main support.
• chingching, wallboard
Tree Dwellers in the Philippines:
Hand-hewn wooden planks, laid horizontally
above every panel, used to serve as the - Gad dang and Kalinga of Luzon
primary wall protection of the ground living - Manobos and Mandaya of Mindanao
space.
- Moros of Lake Lanao
• balangay, boathouse
- Negritos of Bukidnon and North central
An impressive boat, approximately 25 Mindanao
meters in length and carbon-dated to 320
AD, that was built entirely of wood and used - Bagobo of Davao
for seafaring by the ancient Kingdom of - Mandaya
Butuan.
- Bilaan
• Pinanahang, Lean-to
- llongot
A form of dwelling common to the Negritos,
an ethnic group regarded as wanderers,
hunters, and farmers practicing slash and
burn agriculture even during the Hispanic
period. The lean-to is a single-pitched
structure of grass or thatch on wood
branches framing with the lower end resting
on the ground and the upper end supported
by wood posts.

• Lungib/Kweba, Cave
A natural chamber on the side of a hill
utilized as one of the earliest forms of
dwelling. The Tabon Cave in southwest of
Palawan is one of the oldest and largest
caves with an approximate length of 41.00
meters and an opening of 8.00 meters in
height and 16.00 min width.
Tree House
HOUSE, EARLY FORM
balangay, boathouse
BAHAY NA BATO OR FILIPINO • tehado, tejado, tiled roof
HOUSE IN BOOK A roof finished with curved or flat pieces of
burnt-clay tiles.
Filipino House
• balustre, balaustre, baluster
• The hybrid type of house first built in
lntramuros, Manila in the 17th One of the upright and short vertical woods
century before spreading throughout or clay members serving as railing of stair,
the country combining European open deck, and bintanilya (small window).
classical elements, architectural
elements of the traditional Chinese • bintanang capis, ventana capiz,
houses, and architecture and capiz window
climate-responsive elements of the A wooden-framed checkerboard design
traditional lowland houses or bahay window, often sliding in operation, with 1 a
kubo. Unique with the house is the pane of capiz shell that provides a non-glary
use of bintanang capis (capis and, diffuse light to the interior.
window) and extensive use of
sustainable elements such as
double facade, wide eaves and • capis, capiz, capiz pane
awnings, louvers, floor-to-ceiling
One of the small squares, translucent
operable walls and partitions to
shells, used as windowpane in a capiz
maximize natural daylight and
window, from the clam "placuna placenta."
ventilation, cross and stack
ventilation systems, and open • concheria
courtyard as sun and wind catchers.
• This house is also called the Filipino In a capiz window, an assembly of capiz
ancestral house, bahay na bato, or panes fixed by a wooden frame.
bahay na kahoy. Its architecture is • concha
different from the Antillian houses in
Netherlands, or even the traditional In a capiz window, a piece of capiz pane
houses in Mexico, Mediterranean, or fixed by a wooden frame.
Spain that was built during the same
• mirador, mirador, mirador
period when the Filipino house was
designed. A viewing space on a tower like structure
built above the main house or at an azotea
BAHAY NA BATO HOUSE PARTS
and surrounded by windows or decorative
• teha, teja, roof tile latticework.

One of the thin roofing tiles covering the • kaida, caida, antesala
roof made from burnt-clay and is
A transition space right after the stair,
approximately semicylindrical and tapering
in shape. leading to sala (living) or to komedor
(dining). Kaida is from the Spanish verb
• teja canalada -semicylindrical "caer" (to fall) and is said to be a place
roofing tile where ladies let their trains fall.
• teja plana - flat roofing tile
 • kuwarto, cuarto, bedroom • dispensa, dispensa, pantry
A room usually adjacent to the sala (living A service room adjacent to a kusina
room) with kama (bed), tokador (dresser), (kitchen) and komedor (dining) for storing
aparador (cabinet) and mesa (table). food supplies and other provisions.

• sala, sala, living room • alhibe, aljibe/algibe, cistern

The central room in a Filipino house often An enclosed masonry structure for storing
facing the street or plaza and is used as the water for household and other uses.
family's leisure and social activities' room.
• tindahan, tienda, store
• bodega, bodega, storeroom
The space at the ground level that is
An enclosed room or space where things adjacent to the streets and utilized for
are stored. commercial purposes such as keeping
good: for retail sale.
• saguan, zaguan, entrance hall
• aksesorya, accesoria, accessory
The space, after the entrance, that serves
as transition space between the entrance An extension or annex to a house.
and the grand stairs to the upper floor that is
used as storage for carriages, processional • kalado, cawdo, fretwork
floats and where other implements are kept. One of the upright ornamental wood panels,
with decorative patterns, formed by
• asotea, azotea, flat roof
perforations above window headers or door
The flat roof of the alhibe cistern) usually at jambs as wall decorations to allow added
the back of the kusina (kitchen) and is used and cross ventilation.
as an elevated outdoor terrace or service
area. • sahig, zuelo, floor
The horizontal, levelled surface in a room
• banyo, baño, bathroom
on which one walks and stands.
A pom intended for washing or bathing.
• kisame, quisame, ceiling
• kubeta, cubeta, toilet
The overhead, often horizontal surface in a
A room with Latrina (latrine), a receptacle room either made of wood or metal. It is
for human waste where ash from the kusina intended to both conceal the underside of
(kitchen) is poured to eliminate odor. roofs or floors and provide a decorative
overhead surface.
• kusina, cocina, kitchen
• silya, silla, chair
A room where food is prepared and cooked.
A seat use for relaxation, recreation, and
• komedor, comedor, dining entertaining guests.
The space adjacent to the kusina (kitchen)
where meals are served.
 • kostilyahe, costillaje, ceiling joist • palupo, cumbrera, ridge
One of the series of square or rectangular The topmost part of a roof where two
lumbers to which the ceiling is fixed. sloping roofing surfaces meet.

• artesonado, artesonado • lima hoya, valley

A coffered, carved, or highly patterned The intersection between two sloping roof
wooden ceiling. surfaces where rainwater flows.

• espeho, espejo • lima tesa, hip

A panel between the window header and The sloping ridge formed by the junction of
the eaves for exterior wall and above the two adjacent pitched roofs.
door jamb and ceiling for interior partition. It
is either of wood framed checkerboard • kolonet, co/onnete
design with capiz for additional natural light An upright and slender decorative wood
or, kalado (pierced work) for added column usually placed between window
ventilation. opening.
• persiana, perciana, louver window • braket, brazo, bracket
A window with wooden frame and thin A decorative element of wood or metal
slanting wooden slats that is either fixed or provided below the roof's eaves or "bolada."
movable as solar protection to admit natural
ventilation. • alero, alero, eaves

• The interior of a Filipino House, The lower end of the roof projecting beyond
particularly the view of the sala the wall board often with a decorative
(living room) and kaida (antesala). pierced work of wood board or metal sheet.

• pasamano, pasamaiio, windowsill

• mala-abanikong bintana, ventana
de abanico, fanlight The horizontal member between window
opening and bintanilya (small window) that
A half-circle window above the door serves both as base of the window and
transom with radiating wood or metal bars handrail.
typifying an open fan.
• bolada, volada, upper floor
• antefija, antefix projection
An ornament, usually fret or pierced work A portion of the upper floor structure that
above the senepa (eaves fascia) as roof protrudes the lower floor exterior wall to
decoration. provide additional space on the upper floor
• yerong bubong, hierro and shades for the lower floor. Bolada is
galvanizado, galvanized roof said to be a shortened term of "galleria
volada" (flying gallery).
A roof with galvanized metal sheet with
corrugation or wavy profile. • rehas, reja, grille
An ornamental metal work as screen or
barrier for window, bintanilya (small window)
or balcony and stair rails. A grille provides
security protection and at the same time, • tubo de bajada de agua,
allows air circulation. downspout
• bubong, techa, roof A vertical drain pipe, usually of thin metal
sheet, used to direct rainwater from the roof
The top cover of a building that provides gutter to the ground or drain.
shelter against the elements.
• dos agwas, dos aguas, gable roof
• alulod, canalon, gutter
A roof having two sloping planes, each
A shallow metal channel placed: along the
descending from the ridge to the eaves and
eaves to catch and carry off rainwater from
forming a gable at each end.
the roof
• mamposteria, mam asteria, rubble
• bintana, ventana, window
kuwatro agwas, cuatro aguas, hip
An opening in the external wall of a house roof
or building intended to allow light and
A roof with four sloping panels with its sides
ventilation for the interior space and to
meeting at an angle. A masonry wall built
provide view of the outside.
out of small or broken stones or cobbles of
• bintanilya, ventanilla, small irregular shapes.
window
• largamasa, argamasa, mortar
The small window between the floor and the
A wet mixture of cementitious materials
windowsill used to allow natural light and
(lime or cement, sand, and water) that
ventilation to the interior. It is provided with
serves as bonding agent for stone blocks or
an external protective enclosure of bricks.
decorative wood balusters or ornamental
metal grille and operable wall. • palapala/andamyo, andamio,
scaffolding
• dingding na kahoy na may
bandeha, wood wallboard with A structure or platform, either temporary or
panel design movable, used as supporting framework or
for persons working high above the ground
Thick exterior wallboards vertically or
or floor. The scaffolding has a puente
horizontally installed with a panel design
(platform) and is supported by pies
that is either carved or affixed to the boards.
derechos (post), machinates (horizontal),
• tubo de baiiada, soil stack and riostra (diagonal brace).

A vertical drain pipe, usually ofcast iron, • armadura, armadura, framework

used to direct foul water coming from the
The wooden skeletal element of a wall or
Latrina (latrine).
roof, assembled or fitted together to handle
• dingding/muro, wall both interior and exterior finishes.

A vertical structure of wood or masonry • estuko, estuco, stucco

provided to enclose or divide a space.
An exterior finish to masonry wall composed
of wet mixture of lime and sand.
 • palitada, paletada, plaster finish • tabike pampango, tabique
pampango A thin masonry wall
The hard, protective coating of a masonry
wall composed of sand, water and lime. constructed using interwoven strips of
bamboo covered with lime plaster.
• tabike, tabique, thin masonry wall
• plaster, emplasto, plaster
A type of masonry wall serving as partition
in upper floors, constructed of solid bricks A wet substance, usually of: lime, sand, and
that are laid or inserted in a wood water: applied as either a protective or a
framework with x-bracing before finishing decorative coating when it hardens for
with a lime plaster or stucco. masonry walls and ceilings.

• medya agwa, media agua, awning • kalikanto, cal y canto

A roof-like structure above the windows to A stucco made of lime and pebbles.
provide protection from the sun and the rain.
• halo, mizcla, mixture
• de silyar, de sillar, dimension
stone masonry A stucco of cal (lime), arena (sand), and
cement.
A masonry wall built out of solid dressed
stones. • asulehos, azulejos, glazed tiles
Colorful glazed tiles, originally mostly in
• klabiha, clavija, wood dowel
shades of blue, used for wainscoting and as
A piece of wood, shaped in a rectangular surface finishes for floors and stairs.
form, as peg for jointing two pieces of wood
in beams, columns, and rafters. • Hagdan, Escalera, Stair
The basic means of accessing upper floors
• piyedra, piedra, dimension granite
comprised of a series of steps, landing, and
stone
decorative balustrades on both sides.
Blocks of granite stones often employed for
paving, steps forstairs and ground • madreng-hagdan, stringer
/eve/flooring. Originally, the stones were The long parallel piece of lumber that holds
used as ballast for Chinese ships. and supports the stairs' steps and railings.
• sanepa, cenefa, fascia board • barandilya, barandilla, railing
A horizontal wood board vertically attached A low barrier enclosing a stair composed of
to the rafter's end to provide a band a rail for grasping with hand and decorative
throughout the eaves or support the alulod wood panels or upright posts (balusters) at
(gutter). regular intervals
• silyar, sillar, dimension stone • pasamano, pasamanos, handrail
A solid piece of quarried dressed stone, A narrow wooden rail on top of a balustrade
usually in square or rectangular shape and that is usually at waist height to provide a
used as interior or exterior masonry finish. handhold.
 • kahabaan ng hagdan,
tramo de escalera, flight of
stair
Continuous series of steps in a stair
between landings, or floor.

• takip silipan, contrahuela, riser

The vertical woodboard between stair
treads that covers the opening between
treads.

• meseta, meseta, landing

The horizontal platform either at the foot or
end flight of a stair; or, between the flight of
stairs.

• baitang, huella, tread

The horizontalupper surface of a step in a
stair usually of wood or stone materia