Rich Gen Chem
Rich Gen Chem
a. Compare the distances among molecules in the gas, liquid and solid and rank the phases in increasing distance
between particles.
The particles in the solid are in close proximity to one another, with very little space between them. The particles in a
liquid are normally still in contact with one another, although there are some gaps between them. The gas particles are
separated by large distances. The solid comes first in terms of increasing distance between particles, followed by liquid,
and then gas contains the most particles with the greatest distance.
b. Describe the characteristic movement of the particles of gas, liquid and solid.
Particles move in different ways depending on whether they are solid, liquid, or gas. First, gas particles travel rapidly and
can spread away from one another. While the particles of a liquid can flow past one another, lastly solid particles cannot
move out of their locations relative to one another, although they do possess tiny vibrational motions.
Activity 2. Use the table to present the comparison of the properties of gases, liquids, and solids.
Safety Precautions:
The activity should be performed in an airy or well-ventilated room.
Observe proper handling of the substances that will be using. Avoid contact with the skin and direct inhalation of the
vapors of the substances. It is best if the students use safety gloves, goggles, and mask.
Procedure:
1. Each student should have 6 pieces of 1-peso coin and 3 droppers.
2. Give each group 3 labeled small vials/container containing each of the liquids.
3. Using the first 3 coins, have the students drop each liquid on a 1-peso coin and count the number of drops the coin
can hold. Then on the next 3 coins, put a drop of the liquid and determine how much time it takes one drop to
evaporate.
4. Write the results on your scratch paper for comparison with the results
19 drops – acetone
36 drops – water
24 drops – alcohol
Activity 3. Answer the following questions, write your answer on the space provided.
c. Are the molecules that can hold the lesser number of drops the same as the molecules that took less time to
evaporate? Explain your answer.
Yes, Acetone is the molecules that can hold lesser number of drops, also it is the molecules that took less time to
evaporate. Because acetone does not engage in hydrogen bonding, its intermolecular forces are less, therefore it
evaporates fast.
Materials needed:
Water, cooking oil, conditioner or lotion, liquid detergent, acetone.
Procedure:
1. Place three to five drops of each liquid sample in separate and labeled small test tubes.
2. Tape the tubes upright on a piece of hard cardboard. When the tubes are secure, lay the cardboard and tubes in
horizontal position. Observe and time the flow of the contents of the tubes until the liquid in the tube reaches the edge
of the opening of the tube.
3. Start timing by tilting the cardboard about 4 to 5 inches from the surface to allow the liquid to flow.
1. Fill a small glass jar all the way to the top with water.
2. What do you think would happen if you were to add twenty-five centavo coins to it?
The water will slightly rise above the glass’s rim and it will move slowly.
3. Try adding coins one at a time. What happens to the water in the cup?
If you add coins one at a time, the water will slowly rise and the water begins to form a bulge after dropping coins and if
you continue to drop a lot of coins it will possibly spill if the glass reaches the maximum volume of it.
4. How many coins can you add without causing the water to overflow?
The coins that I add without causing water to overflow are 68 coins.
Activity 3
1. Take some water with a straw and put a few drops on plastic sheet.
(a) What is the shape of the drop? The shapes of the water drop are circle or spherical shape.
(b) Move a drop around with your straw. Does the drop change? No. the drop of water will not change.
2. Move one of the drops close to another one with your straw. What happens when two drops meet? When you bring
two drops of water near each other and allow them to touch, they combine immediately and become one drop. It
concludes that water molecules are made of atoms.
3. Put a small amount of one of the solids (salt, pepper, sugar, face powder) on one of the drops. Does the shape
change? Solids dissolve in water such as salt, sugar, face powder because they are attracted to each other but pepper
doesn’t attract to water because it is hydrophobic. The shape of the water slightly changes to its shape and some of the
solids doesn’t.
4. Try this again with the other solids.
Activity 4
Activity 5. At 50° C the vapor pressure of ethanol is 0.30 atm, acetic acid is 0.08 atm, water is 0.12 atm, and acetone is
0.84 atm.
Activity 5. Make a summary of what you have learned on the following topic:
1. Surface tension - Surface tension is a feature of a liquid's surface that permits it to resist an external force owing to
the molecules' cohesive nature."
2.Capillary action - When liquids, such as water, pass through a solid, such as a hollow tube or spongy substance, the
process is known as capillary action. Cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension all play a role in this. Capillary activity is
required for plants to transport water and nutrients up their stalks or trunks.
3.Viscosity - The resistance of a fluid (liquid or gas) to a change in shape or movement of adjacent sections relative to
one another is called viscosity. The term "viscosity" refers to the resistance to flow.
4.Vapor pressure of a liquid - The tendency of a substance to transition into the gaseous or vapour state is measured by
vapour pressure, which rises with temperature. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapour
pressure at its surface equals the pressure exerted by its surroundings.
5. Molar Heat of Vaporization and Boiling Point - The heat absorbed by one mole of a substance during its conversion
from a liquid to a gas is referred to as the molar heat of vaporization. Heat is released when a gas turns into a liquid.