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    Pollen grains germinate by absorbing water and nutrients to grow a pollen tube through the style to the ovary. Germ pores allow this growth and release of male gametes. A 10% sucrose solution is commonly used to induce pollen germination in experiments. The percentage of pollen germination is calculated by counting germinated and total pollen grains under a microscope. Acetocarmine stain is used to observe plant and animal cell nuclei and structures. Mitosis results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes, passing through prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, while cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm. Homologous organs have a similar origin and structure but different

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    Pollen grains germinate by absorbing water and nutrients to grow a pollen tube through the style to the ovary. Germ pores allow this growth and release of male gametes. A 10% sucrose solution is commonly used to induce pollen germination in experiments. The percentage of pollen germination is calculated by counting germinated and total pollen grains under a microscope. Acetocarmine stain is used to observe plant and animal cell nuclei and structures. Mitosis results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes, passing through prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, while cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm. Homologous organs have a similar origin and structure but different

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    2K views6 pages

    II PU Biology Practical Viva Question and Answers

    Uploaded by

    Holy Ghost
    Pollen grains germinate by absorbing water and nutrients to grow a pollen tube through the style to the ovary. Germ pores allow this growth and release of male gametes. A 10% sucrose solution is commonly used to induce pollen germination in experiments. The percentage of pollen germination is calculated by counting germinated and total pollen grains under a microscope. Acetocarmine stain is used to observe plant and animal cell nuclei and structures. Mitosis results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes, passing through prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, while cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm. Homologous organs have a similar origin and structure but different

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    of 6

    II PU Biology practical viva question and answers

    Percentage of Pollen Germination


    1.What is pollen germination?
    Pollen grains germinate when they absorb nutrients and water and grow a pollen tube
    from the style to the ovary part through one of the germ pores.
    2. What is a germ pore?
    Germ pores are the regions in outer wall of pollen grain (exine) where sporopollenins are
    absent. They give rise to pollen tube and release male gametes during fertilization.
    3. Name the solution used to induce pollen germination.
    Sucrose Solution (10%)
    4. Which formula is used to calculate the germination of pollen germination?
    % Pollen germination= No. of germinated pollen grains in a field of microscope (n) / No. of
    pollen in a
    field of microscope (N) X 100.

    Pollen Tube Growth on Stigma


    5. Name the parts of a pistil or carpel.
    Stigma, Style, Ovary and Ovule.
    6. Where does pollen germination occur in a flower?
    Pollen grains germinate on Stigma.
    7. Which stain is used to observe the growth of pollen tube?
    Cotton Blue Stain.

    Transverse Section of Ovary


    8. What is a locule?
    Locule is a small cavity or chamber within an ovary of a flower.
    9. What is pentalocular ovary?
    Ovary with 5 locules
    10. What is placentation?
    The arrangement of ovules within the ovary is called placentation.
    11. What is axile placentation?
    The placenta which is located at the centre and the ovules are attached to it.

    Nuclear Staining
    12. In what shape the cells of onion epidermal peel are appeared?
    Rectangular shaped cells
    13. How many nuclei are present in a cell of epidermal peel of onion?
    One nucleus in each cell
    14. Name the stain used for nuclear staining?
    Acetocarmine stain

    Mitosis using onion root tip


    15. What is mitosis?
    A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number of
    chromosomes as that of parent cell. It is also called as equational division.
    16. Define karyokinesis.
    Karyokinesis is the division of cell nucleus during mitosis.
    17. Name the phases of Karyokinesis.
    Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase.
    18. Define cytokinesis.
    Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm of a parent cell into two daughter cells.
    19. In which phase of karyokinesis, the sister chromatids are arranged in the equatorial
    plane of spindle fibres?
    During metaphase of karyokinesis
    Determination of pH of water and soil sample
    20. Which component of the soil or water sample determines the pH?
    The number of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions present in the solution determines the
    pH of that solution or sample.
    21. What is the range of acidic pH, basic pH and the neutral pH?
    Acidic pH- Below 7
    Neutral pH- 7
    Basic pH- Above 7

    T.S. of Mammalian Testes


    22.Name the different types of cells found in the mammalian testes.
    Sertoli cells and Leydig (interstitial cells) cells.
    23. In which part of the testis interstitial cells are present?
    In Seminiferous tubules.
    24. To which cells of the seminiferous tubules the spermatozoa are attached?
    Attached to Sertoli cells for their nourishment.
    25. Name the endocrine cells of testes which secrete testosterone.
    Leydig cells.
    26. What are Sertoli cells?
    Sertoli cells are also called ‘nurse cells.’ It is the part of a seminiferous tubule and it helps
    in the process of spermatogenesis.

    T.S. of Mammalian Ovary


    27. Name the different developmental stages of ovarian follicles.
    Primordial follicle, Primary follicle, Secondary follicle, Tertiary follicle and Graffian
    follicle.
    28. Name the cavity present in the Graffian follicle.
    Antrum.
    29. What is Corpus Albicans?
    If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum is degenerated and is transformed into a
    white scar called Corpus albicans.

    V.S. of a Mammalian Blastula


    30. Name the cavity present in the blastocyst?
    Blastocoel.
    31. What are cells of Rauber?
    They are trophoblast cells that are in contact with the inner mass of blastocyst.
    32. What is trophoblast?
    Trophoblast are the cells that make up the outer layer of a blastocyst, which feeds the
    embryo and eventually becomes a major part of the placenta.
    33. Which component of the blastocyst develops into embryo proper?
    The inner thickened cells in the wall of blastocyst develops into embryo.

    V.S. of ovary showing female gametophyte


    34. How many cells and nuclei are present in a typical female gametophyte of angiosperms?
    The female gametophyte or embryo sac has 7 cells and 8 nuclei.
    35. Name the two poles of an embryo sac.
    Micropylar end and Chalazal end.
    36. At which end of an embryo sac, egg apparatus is present?
    Micropylar end.
    37. Name the cell of an embryo sac that has two polar nuclei. ,
    Central cell.

    Disease causing organisms


    38. Name the causative organism of amoebic dysentery.
    Entamoeba histolytica.
    39. Name the causative organism of malaria.
    Plasmodium vivax.
    40. Name the infective stage of plasmodium.
    Sporozoites.
    41. Name the causative organism of Ascariasis and Ringworm.
    Ascariasis- Ascaris lumbricoids
    Ringworm- Trichophyton rubrum

    Hydric and Xeric adaptations in plants


    42. Mention any one xeric adaptation in opuntia.
    The leaves are modified into spines to reduce transpiration.
    43. What is called buoyancy?
    Buoyancy is the force that causes the object to float in a fluid.
    44. Which tissue helps in buoyancy in aquatic plants?
    Aerenchyma provides buoyancy to aquatic plants.

    Hydric and Xeric adaptations in animals


    45. Mention any one aquatic adaptation of fish/prawn/frog.
    Fish: Gills help in respiration inside the water.
    Prawn: The stream lined body helps in swimming.
    Frog: Mucus glands are present in skin to keep the skin moist.
    46. Mention any one xeric adaptation in camel/squirrel.
    Camel: Fat stored in hump helps it to survive long periods without food and water.
    Squirrel: Squirrels survive the heat through a sort of reverse hibernation called
    aestivation.
    Homologous and Analogous organs in plants and animals
    47. What are homologous organs?
    Homologous organs are the organs of different animals that have similar origin and
    structure but differ in their functions.
    48. Why are scale leaves of onion and spines of opuntia called homologous organs?
    Scale leaves of onion and spines of opuntia are modified leaves but functionally different
    from each other, so they are called homologous organs.
    49. What are analogous organs?
    The organs of different animals that have similar function but differ in their origin and
    structure.
    50. What is the function of rhizome and carrot?
    The primary function of rhizome (ginger) and carrot is the storage of nutrients that makes
    the plant to survive an unfavourable season.

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