BOTANY-Morphology assignment

( Malvaceae,Cruciferae, Leguminoceae, Compositae, Graminae)

FAMILY-CRUCIFERAE (BRASSICACEAE) MUSTARD FAMILY

Distinguishing Characters :
 Plants herbaceous
 Vegetative organs with pungent juice containing sulphur compound
 Inflorescence raceme or corymb
 Flowers bimerous or tetramerous
 Corolla four and cruciform
 Androecium tetradynamous
 Gynoecium bicarpellary syncarpous and ovary superior. Placentation parietal
 False septum or replum in mature fruit
 Fruit Siliqua or silicula.
Important Floral Characters :
* Inflorescence : Typical raceme (Brassica), compound raceme (Raphamus) or corymb (Iberis
amara).
* Flower : Bracteate or ebracteate, pedicellate, hermaphrodite, usually actinomorphic (zygomorphic
in Iberis amara), hypogynous and bior tetramerous.
Calyx: 4 (2+2) in two whorls, polysepalous, imbricate.
* Corolla: 4 , cruciform, polypetalous, valvate. Androecium: 4+2 , tetradynamous (4 long stamens
anterio-posterior and 2 short stamens lateral in position)
* Gynoecium: Bicarpellary syncarpous, ovary superior unilocular but becoming bilocular due to
false septation (replum), ovules many, placentation parietal, style short, stigma bilobed, fruits
seliqua or silicula.
Floral Formula:
 Plants of Economic Importance:
Iberis amara-Candytuft-Ornamental plant.
Brassica campestris (Sarson)- Seeds used for mustard oil.
Brassica nigra - Black sarson used in spices.
Brassica oleracea var. capitata - Cabbage-Vegetable plant, leaves edible.
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (Cauliflower) Inflorescence used in vegetable.
Brassica oleracea var. gongyloids (Ganth-gobhi) Swollen nodes eaten.
Raphanus sativus (Radish)-Roots used in vegetable and salad.
Brassica rapa (Turnip)-Fleshy roots eaten.
Brassica juncea (Indian Rye)-Used in spices.
Cherianthus cheiri (a medicinal plant)-Used for bronchial disorders. Also has ornamental value
called wail flower.

FAMILY - MALVACEAE
(FAMILY OF SHOE FLOWER OR COTTON FAMILY)
Distinguishing Characters :
 Flowers pentamerous and with epicalyx.
 Corolla with mucilage.
 Androecium with numerous stamens, stamens monoadelphous
 Stamens monothecous, filaments forming long staminal tube
 Gynoecium pentacarpellary, syncarpous, style long, stigma pentafid
 Placentation axile.
 Fruit as loculicidal capsule.
Important Floral Characters Inflorescence
Solitary axillary or axillary cyme
Flower: Bracteate (bract leafy), complete, pedicellate, hermaphrodite
epicalyx present, (no epicalyx in Sida and Abutilon), actinomorphic and hypogynous
Epicalyx : 3, 5 or numerous, free, green smaller than calyx.
Calyx : 5, gamosepalous, valvate, tubular, larger in size
Corolla : 5, polypetalous, petals large and showy, mucilaginous twisted or imbricate aestivation.
Androecium: Stamens numerous, monoadelphous, filaments fuse to form staminal tube, anthers
reniform and monothecious staminal tube attached with petals
Gynoecium: Pentacarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, style long, stigma pentafid and hairy.
Placentation axile, fruit as loculicidal capsule.
 Floral Formula:

Plants of Economic Importance:

(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China shoe-flower) omamental, under-tree.
Hibiscus cannabinus (Patsun) - a source of bast fibre.
Gossypium arboreum (Cotton) seed surface fibres used as cotton.
G. herbaceum (Old World Cotton) : Seed surface fibres used.
G. birsutum (New World Cotton)-Seed surface fibres used.
G. barbedense (New World Cotton).
Thespesia populina ( a tree) for ornamental use.
Abelmoschus esculentus (Lady's finger) used as vegetable.
Malva sylvestris - an ornamental plant.
Althea rosea (Hollyhock) - an ornamental plant.
Abutilon indicum - a medicinal shrub.
Sida cordifolia - a weed.
Malvastrum tricuspidatum - a weed. Unena lobataa fibre yielding weed plant.
 FAMILY - LEGUMINOSAE
Classification :
Kingdom – Plantae
Sub - Kingdom – Phenerogamia
Division – Angiospermae
Class – Dicotyledonae
Sub - class – Polypetalae
Series – Calyciflorae
Order – Rosales
Family – Leguminosae
* It is also called Legume family this is the second largest family of Dicots. Leguminosae is
divided into three sub-families on the basis of variations in corolla, Androecium and other
parts. These sub families are as follows.
(I) Papilionatae (II) Caesalpinoideae (III) Mimosoideae
(I) PAPILIONATAE (FABACEAE) :
Distribution :
It includes about 400 genera and 12000 species, cosmopolitan distribution. According to
ICBN (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature) its new name is ‘Lotoideae’. Most of
the plants of this sub family are found in Tropical and sub-tropical areas.
Habit :
Usually Annual or parennial herbs, shrubs, some are Tendril climbers like Pisum sativum,
Lathyrus odoratus, some are Twiners like Clitoria and some are trees like Delbergia sisoo.
Roots :
Tap root system, Many plants have nodules on secondary roots. Nitrogen fixing bacteria-
Rhizobium lie in the root nodules in the symbiotic form.
Stem :
Erect, Herbaceous or woody, cylindrical, branched, solid, some are twiners like Dolichos lab
lab.
Leaf :
Stipulate, Alternate, Unipinnately compound and imparipinnate, Pulvinous leaf base,
ReticulateVenation.
In Pisum sativum and Lathyrus odoratus, upper leaf lets are modified into tendrils.
Inflorescence : Usually Raceme or Solitary axillary, Ex: Lathyrus.
Flower :
Bracteate, bracteolate, Pedicellate, bisexual, Zygomorphic, Pentamerous, Perigynous.
Calyx :
5, Gamosepalous, Valvate or imbricate aestivation, odd sepal anterior.
Corolla :
5, Polypetalous, Descending imbricate or vexillary aestivation in which the posterior large
bilobed petal called vexillum or standard overlaps the two smaller lateral petals named wings
or alae. The latter overlaps the two small anterior petals which are fused lightly by the upper
anterior margins called keel or carina. This type of coralla is also called Papilionaceous
corolla. Exception : Petals absent in Lespedeza.
Androecium :
10 stamens, Diadelphous in which filaments of 9 stamens are fused while one stamen is free,
Anther dithecous, Dorsifixed, Introse, Inserted.
Exception :
9 Monoadelphous stamens are found in Arachis hypogea
Gynoecium :
Monocarpellary, Unilocular, Marginal Placentation, style one.
Fruit :
Legume or pod which is single, dry, dehiscent fruit.
Seed : Non-endospermic.
Pollination :
Entomophilly but self pollination occurs in Pisum sativum.
Floral formula :

Floral diagram :

Economic Importance :
(1) Pulses :
(i) Green gram – Phaseolus radiatus syn. vigna radiata
(ii) Gram – Cicer aerietinum
(iii) Pea – Pisum sativum
 (iv) Lentils – Lens culinaris
(v) Pegeon pea – Cajanus cajan
(vi) Cow pea – Vigna unguiculata
(vii) soyabean – Glycine max
(viii) French bean – Phaseolus vulgaris
(ix) Sew gram – Vigna aconitifolia
(x) Black gram – Phaseolus mungo syn Vigna mungo
Point of Remember
(1)Khaseri dal (Lathyrus sativus) : The use of this pulse causes ‘lathyrism disease’.
(2) Vegetables :
(i) Fenugreek – Trigonella foenum-graceum
(ii) Lablab – Dolicos lablab
(iii) Cluster bean – Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
(iv) Cow pea – Vigna unguiculata
(v) Bakala – Vicia faba
(3) Oils :
(i) Ground nut (Arachis hypogea) : Oil is obtained from seeds and used for cooking and
manufacture of vegetable ghee. Oil cake is used for cattle and as bio-fertilizer.
(ii) Soyabean (Glycine max) : Oil is obtained from seeds, used for cooking, and
manufacturing for ink of printing, Paints, Insectides. Oil cake contain 32-42% proteins which
are called soya nagates.
(iii) Pongamia pinnatta : Oil from seeds used for manufacturing soap and lubricants.
(4) Fibres :
(i) Sun hemp (Crotolaria juncea) : Bast fibres obtain from stem which are useful in
manufacturing Rops, cannvas, sacs.
(5) Fodder :
(i) Egyptean clover or Barseem - Trifolium alexandrium.
(ii) Alfa alfa - (Medicago sativa).
(iii) Indian Clover or senji - Melilotus alba.
(iv) Sweet clover or van methi - M.indica.
(v) Subabool - Leucaena leucocephala.
(vi) Cesbania - C. aegyptiaca
(6) Dyes :
(i) Indigo or neel (Indigofera tinctoria) : Blue dye obtains from leaves and young
branches.
(ii) Dak (Butea monosperma) : Yellow orange dye obtains from petals of flowers. It is
also called “Flame of Forest”.
(iii) Red sandel (Pterocarpous santalinus) : Red dye extracted from heart wood.
(7) Timber :
(i) Shisham - Dalbergia sisoo
(ii) Indian rose wood (kala shisham)- Dalbergia latifolia
(8) Gum :
(i) Bengal kino (Butea) : Gum has medicinal use.
(9) Insecticides :
(i) Derris elliptica : “Rotenone” Insecticide is obtained.
(10) Ornamental plants :
(i) Sweat pea - Lathyrus odoratus
(ii) Indian telegraph plant - Desmodium gyrans
(iii) Indian coral tree - Erythrina indica
(iv) Butterfly pea - Clitoria ternata
(v) Flame of Forest - Butea monosperma
(11) Medicines :
(i) Jeweller’s weight ‘Ratti’- (Abrus precatorius) : Oinment prepared from leaves used in
leucoderma seeds were used by jewellers in weighing ornaments.
(ii) Liquorice or mulaithi (Glycyrrhiza glabra) : Roots are useful in cough.
(II) SUB-FAMILY CAESALPINOIDEAE
Distribution :
It includes 150 genera and 2800 species these are usually found in Tropical and sub-tropical
areas.
Habit :
Mostly trees like - Gulmohar (Delonix rigea), Amaltas (Cassia fistula), Tamarindus indica,
Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata).
Roots :
Tap root system.
Stem :
Woody, Erect, branched, cylindrical, solid.
Leaf :
Cauline & Ramal, Petiolate, Pulvinous leaf base, Alternate, Unipinnately compound and
paripinnate, Reticulate Venation.
Exception : Bipinnately compound leaves are found in Parkinsonia and gulmohar. Phyllode
present in Parkinsonia.
Inflorescence : Raceme or panicle.
Flower :
Pedicellate, Bracteate, Bisexual, Zygomorphic, Perigynous, Pentamerous.
Calyx :
5 sepals, polysepalous, odd sepal anterior, Imbricate aestivation.
 Corolla :
5 petals, polypetalous, Ascending imbricate aestivation. In Tamarindus indica two anterior
petals are found as a scale.
Androecium :
10 stamens in two whorls 5+ 5, Polyandrous, usually three posterior stamens are sterile and
resting 7 stamens are fertile. The 3 sterile stamens are known as staminode.
Exception :
Tamarindus - 7 stamens, monoadelphous, in which 3 staminodes.
Gynoecium : As Papilionatae.
Fruit :
Legume. Exception Lomentum Ex: Tamarindus.
Seed :
Non-endospermic or Endospermic.
Pollination : Entomophily
Floral formula :

Floral diagram :

Economic Importance :
(1) Food :
(i) Bauhinia variegata : Floral buds are used as vegetable.
(ii) Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) : Leaves and unripe fruits used for preparing chutney.
(2) Dyes :
(i) Caesalpinia sappan (‘Gulal’) : Red-orange dye obtains from heart wood that is used in
textile industry.
 (ii) Logwood (Haematoxylon compechianum) : Haematoxylin stain is obtained from heart
wood which is used in the staining of Nucleus.
(3) Medicines :
(i) Cassia fistula : Immature fruits are laxative.
(ii) Cassia sophora : Leaves are useful in Ringworm.
(iii) Cassia glauca : Bark and leaves are used in Diabetes and Gonorrhoea.
(iv) Saraca indica : Bark is useful in menstrual disorder. Aurvedic medicine ‘Asokarishtra’ is
prepared by its bark.
(4) Tanning :
(i) Bauhinia purpurea - Bark is used
(ii) Bauhinia malabarica - Bark is used
(5) Gum :
It is obtained from the stem of Bauhinia variegata and B. vahalii (camel’sfoot tree).
(6) Other uses :
(i) Anjan (Hardwikia binata) : Tiers and ploughs are manufactured by its wood.
(ii) Phanera Vahalii : Gum obtains for commercial purpose and Bark fibres are useful in
making Ropes and Baskets.
(7) Ornamental Plants :
(i) Gulmohar or Royal poinciana - Delonix regea.
(ii) Kachnar - Bauhinia variegata.
(iii) Ashok - Saraca indica.
(iv) Peacock Flower - Caesalpinia pulcherima.
(v) Amaltas - Cassia fistula.
(vi) Jerusalem thorn - Parkinsonia aculeata (Vilaiti Kikar).
(III) SUB-FAMILY MIMOSOIDEAE
Distribution : 56 genera & 2800 species, these are usually found in the tropical and sub-
tropical areas.
Habit : Mostly trees Ex: Acacia, Some are shrubs
Ex: Dicrostaychis, rarely woody climber Ex: Entada.
Some plants are xerophyte Ex: Acacia
Root : Tap root system.
Stem : Erect, solid, cylindrical, branched, woody.
Leaf : Petiolate, Alternate, Stipulate, pinnately compound and paripinnate, Reticulate
Venation, Pulvinus leaf base.
Exception :
(i) Phyllode Ex: Australian acacia.
(ii) Stipules convert into spines in Acacia nilotica.
 Inflorescence :
Racemose head : The tip of floral axis is swollen and sessile flowers are basipetally arranged
on the former. Ex: Acacia.
Flower :
Bracteate, Actinomorphic, bisexual, Perigynous, Sessile, Tetramerous or pentamerous.
Calyx : 4-5 sepals, Polysepalous or Gamosepalous, aestivation Valvate.
Corolla : 4-5 petals, sometime Gamopetalous, Valvate.
Androecium :
Indefinate stamens, Polyandrous, filament long, Anther dithecous, Dorsifixed, Introse, Exserted.
Exception :
(i) Prosopis - 10 stamens, polyandrous
(ii) Mimosa - 4 stamens, polyandrous
(iii) Acrocarpus - 5 stamens, polyandrous
(iv) Albizia - stamens Monadelphous
Gynoecium : As papilionatae.
Fruit : Mostly lomentum or legume.
Seed : Non-endospermic.
Pollination : Entomophilly.

Floral formula :

Floral diagram :

Economic Importance :
(1) Timber and fuel :
(i) Desi babool - Acacia arabica.
(ii) Khazari - Prosopis cinerarifolia.
(iii) Jumbo - Xylia Xylocarpa.
(iv) Cerrish - Albizzia lebbek.
(2) Food & Fodder :
(i) Albizzia lebbek : Leaves are used as food and fodder.
(ii) Pithecalobium dulce : Fruit and aril are Red coloured and sweet.
(3) Gum :
It is mostly obtained from Acacia species. The gum obtain from Acacia sengal is called “Gum
arabic”. It is used in medicines, confectionery & textile.
(4) Ornamental Plants :
(i) Chui-mui (Mimosa pudica) - Touch me not.
(ii) Lazwanti - Neptunia oleracia.
(iii) Australian acacia - Acacia melanoxylon.
(iv) Hedge plant - Pithecolobium dulce.
(5) Other uses :
(i) Soappod (Acacia concina) : ‘Shikakai’ Pod contains saponin used for washing hair.
(ii) Acacia catechu : Katha is obtained from Heart wood.
(iii) Prosopis specigera : Grown as wind breaker in Rajasthan.

FAMILY - ASTERACEAE
(COMPOSITAE)
(SUNFLOWER FAMILY)
This is the largest family of angiosperms, including over 950 genera and 20,000 species distributed
throughout the world. Members of the family constitute over 10% of the total number of species
of angiosperms Distinguishing CharactersInflorescence is head or capitulum type
 Flowers are reduced to florets
 Calyx is modified to hairs or pappus
 Stamens syngenesious and epipetalous.
 Gynoecium bicarpellary and syncarpous ovary is inferior, style long and stigma bifid.
 Fruit is cypsela. It is wind dispersed with the help of pappus
Habit: Annual herbs (Helianthus, Tagetus, Dahlia)
Root: Tap root but in Dahlia fasiculated roots
Leaves : Usually alternate but occasionally opposite (as in Heliantbus) or in Whorl (Eupatorium),
exstipulate, petiolate, simple or compound Venation reticulate.
Stem : Usually herbaceous, erect, much branched (branching rare in Dahlia and Heliantbus)
solid, sometimes with milky latex. In Heliantbus tuberous and stores food.
Floral Characters:
Inflorescence: Head of capitulum with involucre of bracts Usually two types of florets are found
in inflorescence viz, zygomorphic, ligulate or ray florets and actinomorphic tubular or disc florets.
In inflorescence, ray florets are found towards the periphery (they are older in nature) and disc
florets are distributed near the center (thus younger)
 Flowers: Bracteate, sessile actinomorphic (disc florets) or zygomorphic (ray florets) epigynous
and pentamerous.

Calyx : 5 modified into hairs or pappus,

Corolla : 5, Gamopetalous, tubular in disc florets but ligulate in ray florets, aestivaiton valvate.
Androecium : Stamens 5, syngenesious (anther lobes are fused laterally but the filaments are
free) epipetalous, anthers dithecous fused to form a tube like structure around the style. introse,
dehiscence longitudinal
Gynoecium: Bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovary inferior, unilocular style long and stigma bifid.
Ovule single and attached at basal placentation. Fruit is a single seeded achenial types Cypsela.

Economic importance
Oil Yielding plants : Heliantbus annus (sunflower oil)
Medicinal plants : Artemisia, Eclipta alba used as hair tonic with brahmi buti and commonly
known as Bringraj, Calendula officinalis
Insecticide : Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium - Pyrethrum.
Food Yielding plants :
Latuca sativa (Lettuce or Salad)
Cichorium intybus chikori powder (Coffee blend)
Weeds: Parthenium bysterophorus commonly called carrot grass or congress grass.
 FAMILY - POACEAE (GRAMINAE)
(FAMILY OF CEREAL PLANTS)
Distinguishing Characters :
 Inflorescence as spike of spikelets.
 Flowers have 2 bracts called lemma and palea
 Perianth is highly reduced represented by 2 lodicules
 Flawers are bisexual except in maize where flower is unisexual and inflorescence is also unisexual
 Fruit is caryopsis (-a single seeded fruit where perioup is completely fused with testa).
 Stem is usually hollow between the nodes
 Glume develops from bract
 Plants are always wind pollinated and thus stigma is feathery.
Important Floral Characters :
Inflorescence: Spike of spikelets (in maize, female inflorescence is spadix, protected by leafy spath),
compound spike in wheat, a pair of sterile glume present at the base of spikelet.
Flower : Sessile, bracteate, bisexual, (unisexual in maize), zygomorphic and hypogynous. Each floret
has a lemma and palea.
Perianth: Highly reduced, 2 in number, pin head sized structure called
lodicules. In bamboos, 3 lodicules present. Androecium : Usually 3 but sometimes 6 (as in
Orgza), filament long, anthers versatile, dithecous, dehiscence longitudinal.
Gynoecium : Monocarpellary (actually tricarpellary but only one carpel is functional), unilocular,
ovary superior, style long, stigma 2 and feathery (plants are always wind pollinated). Placentation
basal. Fruit caryopsis and single seeded.
Floral Formula:
Some Plants of Economic Importance:
Triticum aestivum = T. vulgaris (bread wheat) - a gift of old world to new
world, a natural hexaploid carrying genomes of 3 parents.
Oryza sativa (Paddy) - Chief cereal of India, cultivated by transplantation, prefers waterlogged
crop field, bran oil obtained from husk, golden rice is genetically modified paddy, grains rich in
vitamins.
Zea mays (Maize) - A gift of new world to old world, inflorescence unisexual, style longest.
Hordeum vulgare (Barley)- Oldest amongst cultivated plants.
Pennisetum typboidum (Pearl millet or Bajara) - A food crop, straw used as fodder.
Sorgbum vulgarum (Jowar) - Used as fodder.
Sacharum officinarum (Sugarcane) cultivated for sugar production.
Bambusa or bamboo-tallest grass, monocarpic plant.
 BOTANY-MORPHOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
( Malvaceae,Cruciferae, Leguminoceae, Compositae, Graminae )
1. Plant with 4 sepals, 4 petals, 6 stamens, two 9. Replum develops in ovary of:
outer short four inner long, ovary one-celled (1) Solanaceae (2) Brassicaceae
later becoming two celled belongs to the family (3) Asteraceae (4) None of these
(1) Compositae 10. In Brassicaceae, the placenta is:
(2) Gramineae (1) Oblique (2) Anterio-posterior
(3) Cruciferae (4) Papaveraceae (3) Anterior (4) Posterior
2. Corolla is cruciform in case of 11. Epicalyx is
(1) Brassicaceae (2) Asteraceae (1) a scale like structure of fern rhizome
(3) Apiaceae (4) Lamiaceae (2) an additional whorl of angiosperm flower
3. The given floral diagram belongs to the family (3) a tuberous root
(4) None of the above
12. The extra whorl of non-essential organs lying
outside the calyx is
(1) epicalyx (2) dicots
(3) involucre (4) inflorescence
13. Petals in China rose are
(1) polypetalouys (2) gamopetalous
(3) polyphyllous (4) gamophyllous
14. Free lateral stipules are present in
(1) Brassicaceae (2) Asteraceae
(1) Fabaceae (2) Brassicaceae
(3) Rosaceae (4) Malvaceae
(3) Liliaceae (4) Poaceae
15. Lady’s finger belongs to the family
4. Replum is present in the ovary of flower of
(1) Malvaceae (2) Cucurbitaceae
(1) lemon (2) mustard
(3) Liliaceae (4) Brassicaceae
(3) sunflower (4) pea
16. Most of the economically important fibre
5. Four sepals arranged in two whorls is the
yielding plants belong to the family
characteristic of family
(1) Malvaceae (2) Solanaceae
(1) Solanaceae (2) Fabaceae
(3) Cruciferae (4) Poaceae
(3) Brassicaceae (4) Liliaceae
17. The given formula belongs to
6. Chief features of family-Brassicaceae/
Crucuferae is the presence of
(1) latex (2) pectin
(3) alkaloids (4) myrosin enzyme (1) Solanaceae (2) Malvaceae
7. Tetradynamous stamens are found in: (3) Gramineae (4) Compositae
(1) Members of Leguminosae 18. Anthers are monothecous in:
(2) Most of the crucifers (1) Malvaceae (2) Fabaceae
(3) Malvaceous flowers (3) Mimosoideae (4) Liliaceae
(4) Members of Asteraceae 19. Versatile anthers are found in:
8. In tetradynamous stamens: (1) Fabaceae (2) Brassicaceae
(1) Two outer stamens are shorter and four inner (3) Poaceae (4) Liliaceae
are longer 20. In Malvaceae, staminal tube is formed by fusion
(2) Four outer stamens are shorter and two inner of
are longer (1) Anthers (2) Filaments
(3) All stamens are equally long (3) Corolla (4) Stamens with ovary
(4) None of the above
21. Cotton plant produces: (3) Inferior ovary, syngenesious, axile
(1) Loculicidal capsule placentation
(2) Septicidal capsule (4) Syngenesious, basal placentation and
(3) Septifragal capsule epigynous
(4) Porous capsule 33. Inflorescence of family-Compositae is
22. Seed surface produces cellulosic fibres in: (1) perianth (2) lodicule
(1) Helianthus (2) Taraxacum (3) capitulum (4) hypanthodium
(3) Gossypium (4) Xanthium 34. Most advanced dicot family is
23. Monothecous anthers are found in: (1) Asteraceae (2) Fabaceae
(1) Malvaceae (2) Brassicaceae (3) Asclepiadaceae (4) None of these
(3) Mimosoideae (4) Fabaceae 35. Which of the following is the character of
24. Lint and fuzz are obtained from fibres of: family-Asteraceae?
(1) Sunn hemp (2) Sunflower (1) Head or capitulum inflorescence
(3) Gossypium (2) Syngenesious stamens
(4) Corchorus capsularis (3) Cypsella fruit (4) All the above
25. Cotton fibres are: 36. In capitulum, the flowers are arranged in:
(1) Outgrowth of seed surface (1) Centripetal order (2) Basipetal order
(2) Cellulosic in nature (3) Mixed order (4) No definite order
(3) Dried parenchyma like cells 37. In sunflower, the florets are well protected by:
(4) All of the above (1) Calyx (2) Pappus
26. Leguminous crops are agriculturally important (3) Involucre of bracts (4) Perinath
as they: 38. Florets are found attached on a flattened
(1) Control pastes receptacle in:
(2) Make soil alkaline (1) Hypanthodium (2) Coenanthium
(3) Enrich soil with nitrogen (3) Cupitulum (4) Vertricillaster
(4) Enrich soil with humus 39. In head or captitulum inflorescence, the ligulate
27. Butterfly like polypetalous corolla is found in: florets are:
(1) Cruciferae (2) Fabaceae (1) Distributed towards periphery
(3) Malvaceae (4) Liliaceae (2) Older than tubular florets
28. Vaxillum, alae and carina occur in: (3) usually pistillate type
(1) Caryophyllaceous corolla (4) All of the above
(2) Rosaceous corolla 40. Hairs or pappus in florets of Asteraceae are
(3) Papilionaceous corolla modified:
(4) Tubular corolla (1) Involucre of bracts (2) Calyx
29. Archis hypogaea is: (3) Corolla (4) Thalamus
(1) Walnut (2) Cashewnut 41. Syngenesious stamens are found in:
(3) Peanut (4) Coconut (1) Helianthus (2) Tagetus
30. Pod fruit develops from: (3) Dahlia (4) All of the above
(1) Inferior ovary 42. In Asteraceae, the stamens are always found in:
(2) Monocarpellary ovary (1) Ligulate florets (2) Tubular florets
(3) Bicarpellary ovary (3) Both florets (4) Only in ray florets
(4) Multicarpellary ovary 43. Unilocular and bicarpellary ovary of epigynous
31. Bean seed is an example of: flower is found in:
(1) Albuminous seed (1) Asteraceae (2) Brassicaceae
(2) Exalbuminous seed (3) Fabaceae (4) Liliaceae
(3) Oil yielding seeds (4) None of these 44. Basal placentation develops when the ovary has:
32. Which of the following represents the condition (1) Single ovule (2) Many ovules
seen in the family-Compositae? (3) Many locules
(1) Superior ovary, syngenesious, single basal (4) Single ovule in each locule
ovule 45. Cypsella fruit is product of:
(2) Inferior ovary, monoadelphous, basal (1) Monocarpellary ovary
placentation (2) Superior ovary
 (3) Bicarpellary ovary 58. Glumes are modified
(4) Polycarpellary ovary (1) bracts (2) petals
46. Basal placentation in monocarpellary ovary is (3) flowers (4) anthers
found in: 59. Flowers are trimerous in case of
(1) Asteraceae (2) Fabaceae (1) gymnosperms (2) pteridophytes
(3) Poaceae (4) Liliceae (3) monocots (4) dicots
47. The stigma is bifid but the ovary is 60. What is true for Gramineae?
monocarpellary in: (1) The carpel has two styles
(1) Asteraceae (2) Brassicaceae (2) Spikelets are always in pairs
(3) Poaceae (4) None of these (3) Palea is the bracteole
48. When stamens are united by their anthers, the (4) Awn is an appendage of palea
condition is known as: 61. Botanical name of wheat is
(1) Syndrous (2) Syngenesious (1) Trittcum aestivum
(3) Epipetalous (4) Monoadelphous (2) Oryza sattiva
49. Capitulum inflorescence is found in family: (3) Zea mays (4) None of these
(1) Solanaceae (2) Compositae 62. Caryopsis is a fruit in which
(3) Leguminosae (4) Cucurbitaceae (1) there are many seeds
50. Which plant of asteraceae causes pollen (2) seeds are exposed in dehiscence
allergy? (3) fruit wall is absent
(1) Parthenium (2) Calendula (4) fruit wall is fused with seed coat
(3) Dahlia (4) Chrysenthemum 63. Versatile anthers are present in
51. Ligulate flowers are diagnostic of family: (1) Cycas (2) cotton
(1) Poaceae (2) Asteraceae (3) jowar (4) Brassica
(3) Brassicaceae (4) Fabaceae 64. Which of the following can be regarded as
52. If a friut is developed from inferior, bicapellary equivalent to perianth?
ovary showing unilocular condition and the seed (1) Glumes (2) Lodicules
coat is free from pericarp, the fruit would be (3) Palea (4) Lemma
called: 65. Awn is a structure in flower of
(1) Cypsella (2) Siliqua (1) China rose (2) apple
(3) Silicula (4) Sorosis (3) sunflower (4) wheat
53. A ligulate corolla found in Compositae is also 66. The flower of jowar is
known as: (1) actinomorphic (2) zygomorphic
(1) Masked corolla (3) complete (4) both (2) and (3)
(2) Strap shaped corolla 67. In the given floral diagram, A, B and C indicate.
(3) Two lipped corolla
(4) Wheel shaped corolla
54. Which of these characters do not belongs to
Compositae?
(1) Ligulate ray florets
(2) Basal ovule
(3) Syngenesious stamens
(4) Pentafid stigma
55. Sunflower plant is cultivated mainly for its:
(1) Ornamental use (2) Oil producing seeds
(3) Alkaloids (4) Starchy seeds (1) A-Palea, B-Lodicule, C-Lemma
56. Cereals belong to the family (2) A-Lemma, B-Palea, C-Lodicule
(1) Malvaceae (3) A-Lodicule, B-Palea, C-Lemma
(2) Solanaceae (4) A-Palea, B-Lemma, C-Lodicule
(3) Poaceae (4) Rosaceae 68. Choose the correct description depicted by the
57. Caryopsis fruit is found in floral diagram.
(1) wheat (2) rice
(3) maize (4) all of these
 75. Single seeded fruits are produced from the
ovaries of:
(1) Asteraceae (2) Poaceae
(3) Mangifera (4) All of these
76. Feathery stigma develops in flowers of:
(1) Asteraceae (2) Poaceae
(3) Liliaceae (4) Brassicaceae
77. Single seeded fruit produciong families are
(1) Fabaceae and Mimosoideae
(2) Asteraceae and Poaceae
(3) Liliaceae and Poaceae
(1) United valvate sepals, free twisted petals, (4) Brassicaceae and Malvaceae
free stamens, unilocular ovary with merginal 78. The maize plant is monoecious and the flowers
placentation are:
(2) United valvate sepals, free imbricate petals, (1) Clestogamous (2) Unisexual
free stamens, unilocular ovary with axile ‘ (3) Bisexual (4) Neutor
placentation 79. The leafy structure which protects the flowers
(3) United valvate sepals, free impricate petals, and fruits of maize cob is:
epipetalous stamens, unilocular ovary with (1) Involucre of bracts (2) Leafy calyx
marginal placenta (3) Spathe (4) Spadix
(4) United valvate sepals, free imbricate petals, 80. Families like Leguminosae, Asteraceae,
free stamens, unilocular ovary with marginal Poaceae and Brassicaceae are recognized by
placentation their:
69. In Gramineae/Poaceae, the inflorescence is (1) Vegetative characters
(1) spikelet (2) spadix (2) Inflorescence
(3) cyathium (4) corymb (3) Fruits (4) Seeds
70. Which of the following represents the floral 81. Testa is completely fused with pericarp in:
characters of Poaceae? (1) Cypsella (2) Achenes
(1) Pedicellate, bracteate, bisexual, trimerous (3) Caryopsis (4) All of these
actinomorphic, complete and superior ovary 82. Protein rich aleurone grains are found in:
(2) Pedicellate, bracteate, bisexual, (1) Outer endosperm layer in cereals
pentamerous, zygomorphic, complete and (2) Inner endosperm layer in cereals
superior ovary (3) Embryonal layer in cereals
(3) Sessile, bracteate, bracteolate, incomplete, (4) Endocarp and mesocarp layers
uni or bisexual, perianth modified into 83. Fruits of wheat is:
lodicules, stamens three, superior ovary and (1) Berry (2) Caryopsis
feathery stigma (3) Nut (4) Etaerio
(4) Bracteate, unisexual, actinomorphic stamens 84. Wheat grain is a:
five and inferior ovary (1) Fruit (2) Seed
71. Glumes occur in: (3) Embryo (4) Glume
(1) Spikes (2) Spikelets of spike 85. Cruciferous plants when crushed emit a
(3) Corymb (4) Umbel pungent smell, It is due to the presence of:-
72. Ligulate leaves are found in: (1) Oxalic acid (2) Alkaloids
(1) Myrtaceae (2) Compositae (3) Iron compounds (4) Sulphur compounds
(3) Poaceae (4) Cyperaceae 86. Ebracteate flowers mainly found in:-
73. Perianth is reduced to lodicules in: (1) Solanaceae (2) Malvaceae
(1) Liliaceae (2) Poaceae (3) Cruciferae (4) Liliaceae
(3) Orchidaceae (4) Musaceae 87. The special feature of the ovary in cruciferae
74. Which one is homologous to perianth? is:-
(1) Lodicules (2) Bracts (1) Hypogyny (2) Polyandry
(3) Glumes (4) Superior palea (3) False septum
(4) One row of ovules on each placenta
88. In Brassica oleracea var. capitata the edible 101. The 3 - sub - families of Leguminosae are
part is:- distinguished mainly on the basis of :-
(1) Inflorescence (2) Flower bud (1) nature of gynoecium
(3) Vegetative bud (4) Stem (2) Nature of corolla and stamens
89. Shepherd's purse plant belong to family:- (3) Nature of habit of the plants
(1) Cruciferae (2) Malvaceae (4) Nature of fruit
(3) Solanaceae (4) Leguminosae 102. The leguminous plants are important in
90. Edible part of knol- khol is:- agriculture becaue :-
(1) Inflorescence (2) Leaves (1) They are disease resistant
(3) Roots (4) Stem (2) They require very little irrigation
91. Turnip (Brassica rapa) belongs to family:- (3) They help in nitrogen economy of nature
(1) Cruciferae (2) Malvaceae (4) Crops of legumes can be produced in a
(3) Liliaceae (4) Cucurbitaceae year
92. The Iberis is commonly called as:- 103. In family papilionaceae, 5 petals form a unique
(1) Pansy (2) Candy-tuft association, In which 3 different elements
(3) Poppy (4) Snapdragon participate, these are vexillum, alae & carina.
93. Aestivation of petals in family Malvaceae is:- What is the number of these elements:-
(1) Valvate (2) Imbricate (1) 1, 2, 2 respectively
(3) Twisted (4) Vexillary (2) 2, 1, 2 respectively
94. Althaea rosea belongs to the family:- (3) 1,1,3 respectively
(1) Cruciferae (2) Malvaceae (4) 2,2,1 respectively
(3) Cucurbitaceae (4) Leguminosae 104. The name papilionatae and cruciferae is based
95. Characteristic feature of Malvaceae family is:- on :-
(1) Monothecous anthers (1) Corolla (2) Androecium
(2) Didynamous stamens (3) Gynoecium (4) Fruit
(3) Presence of staminodes 105. Universal zygomorphy occurs in :-
(4) Superficial placentation (1) Malvaceae (2) Mimosoideae
96. Shoe flower belongs to :- (3) Papilionatae (4) Solanaceae
(1) Solanaceae (2) Malvaceae 106. Staminodes commonly occur in :-
(3) Papilionatae (4) Liliaceae (1) Liliaceae (2) Papilionatae
97. 'Hollyhock' belongs to ;- (3) Caesalpinoideae (4) All the above
(1) Liliaceae (2) Malvaceae 107. Tamarindus indica and Cassia belongs to the
(3) Cesalpinoideae (4) Solanaceae family :-
98. Spike of spikelets inflorescences commonly (1) Papilionaceae (2) Caesalpiniaceae
occurs in:- (3) Mimosaceae (4) None of the above
(1) Cruciferae (2) Papilionatae 108. Floral formula of Cesalpinoideae is :-
(3) Poaceae (4) Solanaceae
99. Which of the following is valid name for
Gramineae family :-
(1) Poaceae (2) Malvaceae 109. Fruit lomentum is characteristic feature of the
(3) Fabaceae (4) Papilionaceae sub family :-
100. The floral formula of Pea is represented as :- (1) Papilionatae (2) Caesalpinoideae
(3) Mimosoideae (4) Leguminosae
110. Placentation in Mimosa pudica :-
(1) Axile (2) Parietal
(3) Marginal (4) Basal
111. Flowers and stamens of Compositae are :-
(1) Hypogynous and inferior
(2) Epigynous and inferior
(3) Hypogynous and superior
(4) Epigynous and superior
112. Which of the following stands for Congress 46) 3 47) 3 48) 2 49) 2 50) 1
grass :- 51) 2 52) 1 53) 2 54) 4 55) 2
(1) Cynodon (Gramineae)
(2) Parthenium (Compositae) 56) 3 57) 4 58) 1 59) 3 60) 1
(3) Aspidiastra (Liliaceae) 61) 1 62) 4 63) 3 64) 2 65) 4
(4) Candytuft (Cruciferae) 66) 4 67) 1 68) 4 69) 1 70) 3
113. Which of the following families have the largest
geographical distribution :- 71) 2 72) 3 73) 2 74) 1 75) 4
(1) Malvaceae (2) Leguminosae 76) 2 77) 2 78) 2 79) 3 80) 3
(3) Solanaceae (4) Compositae 81) 3 82) 1 83) 2 84) 1 85) 4
114. Which of the following is the largest family :-
(1) Leguminosae (2) Cucurbitaceae 86) 3 87) 3 88) 3 89) 1 90) 4
(3) Solanaceae (4) Compositae 91) 1 92) 2 93) 3 94) 2 95) 1
115. Parachute mechanism of fruit and seed dispersal 96) 2 97) 2 98) 3 99) 1 100) 1
is common in compositae is due to the
structure called :- 101) 2 102) 3 103) 1 104) 1 105) 3
(1) Bracts (2) Thorns 106) 3 107) 2 108) 4 109) 3 110) 3
(3) Corolla (4) Pappus 111) 4 112) 2 113) 4 114) 4 115) 4
116. In Gramineae the perianth is represented by
small scaly lodicules which are generally :- 116) 1 117) 2 118) 4 119) 2
(1) Two (2) Three
(3) Four (4) Five
117. In which family Pentamerous flowers having
monoadelphous stamen and dry dehiscent fruit
are persent :-
(1) Leguminosae (2) Malvaceae
(3) Cruciferae (4) Solanaceae
118. What type of placentation is seen in sweet
pea?
(1) Basal (2) Axile
(3) Free central (4) Marginal
119. The technical term used for the androecium in a
flower of China rose (Hibiscus rosasinensis) is
:
(1) Polyadelphous (2) Monadelphous
(3) Diadelphous (4) Polyandrous

KEY SHEET
1) 3 2) 1 3) 2 4) 2 5) 3
6) 2 7) 2 8) 1 9) 2 10) 2
11) 2 12) 1 13) 1 14) 4 15) 1
16) 1 17) 2 18) 1 19) 3 20) 2
21) 1 22) 3 23) 1 24) 3 25) 2
26) 3 27) 2 28) 3 29) 3 30) 2
31) 2 32) 4 33) 3 34) 1 35) 4
36) 1 37) 3 38) 3 39) 4 40) 2
41) 4 42) 2 43) 1 44) 1 45) 3