Reviewer in Gen 003 p2 Exam

REVIEWER IN GEN 003
Barnachea, Shawnaleh Andrea D.
MODULE 7: Science in Daily Life
 Science is creating wonders almost every day. Almost everything that makes eases our
daily life are the wonders of modern science. Science is developed from the need of
understanding the natural phenomena. It is a set of complex theories and ideas based
on observing, testing, analyzing and then presenting phenomena.
Without science, there will be no;

 No way to use electricity – from Ben Franklin’s studies of static and lightning in the
1700s, to Alessandro Volta’s first battery, to the key discovery of the relationship
between electricity and magnetism, science has steadily built up our understanding of
electricity, which today carries our voices over telephone lines, brings entertainment to
our television, and keeps the lights on.
 No plastic – the first completely synthetic plastic was made by a chemist in the early
1900s, and since then, chemistry has developed a wide variety of plastics suited for all
sorts of jobs, from blocking bullets to making slicker dental floss.
 No modern agriculture – science has transformed the way we eat today. In the 1940s,
biologists began developing high-yield varieties of corn, wheat, and rice, which, when
paired with new fertilizers and pesticides developed by chemists.
 No modern medicine – in the late 1700s, Edward Jenner first convincingly showed that
vaccination worked. In the 1800s, scientists and doctors established the theory that
many diseases are caused by germs. And in the 1920’s, a biologist discovered the first
antibiotic.
Electricity
 600 BC- A greek named Thales discovered static electricity
 1600- William Gilbert invented the term “electricity”
 1752- Benjamin Franklin proved that lightning is a form of electricity
 1800- Alessandro Volta’s first battery
Modern Agriculture
 Pesticides
 Irrigation
 Fertilizers
 Vehicle
 Farm Land
Modern Medicine
 Modern medicine started to emerge after the industrial revolution in 18 th century
 1796- Edward Jenner is considered the founder of vaccinology
 1816- Rene Laennec invented the stethoscope
 1897- Felix Hoffman discovered Aspirin
 1928- Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin
What is the Scientific Method?

 The logical process adopted by scientists to develop knowledge of nature and present it
as acceptable fact. This method is based on gathering empirical data through
observation and experimentation and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.
Steps of the Scientific Method
 Observe – make an observations
 Question – ask a question or identify a problem
 Research – search for existing answers or solutions
 Hypothesize – formulate hypothesis
 Experiment – design and perform an experiment
 Test Hypothesis – accept or reject hypothesis
 Draw Conclusions – make conclusions based on hypothesis
 Report – share your results
Science
Biology – eating, sweating, thinking etc.
Chemistry – cooking, boiling, photocopying etc.
Geology – landslide, erosion, weathering etc.
Physics – walking, running, climbing stairs etc.
MODULE 8: Science, Technology, and Human Condition
 Science and technology has been part of the human activity since the beginning of our
species.
The Human Condition before Common Era

 Our early ancestors’ primal need to survive paved way for the invention of several
developments. Gifted with brains more advanced that other creatures, humans are able
to utilize abundant materials for their own ease and comfort.
 Homo erectus have been using fire to cook, through chipping one flint over the other to
produce a spark, all the while without realizing the laws of friction and heat.
 Tools from stones and flints marked the era of Stone Age, during the advent of our very
own Homo sapiens, and human began to sharpen stones as one would a knife; an
example of this is the simple machine called wedged.
The Human Condition in the Common Era

 Position –wise, the humans of today are much better off compared to humans several
centuries ago. Advancements in medicine, technology, health and education ushered in
humanity’s best yet, and show no sign of stopping.
 The following are some of the notable COMPARISONS then and now:
1. Mortality Rate – due to technology, lesser women and children die during birth,
assuring robust population and strong workforce. Medical care for premature
infants allows them to survive and develop normally, while proper maternal care
ensures that mothers can fully recover and remain empowered,
2. Average Lifespan – aside from the season that people engage less in combat and are
less likely to die in treatable diseases now as opposed to then, science is able to
prolong lives by enhancing living status and discovering different remedies to most
diseases. Distribution of medicines is also made easier and faster.
3. Literacy Rate – access to education provided to more individuals generally creates a
more informed public that could determine a more just society.
4. Gross Domestic Product (GPD) – although not an indicator of an average person’s
lifestyle in a certain country, it is often used to determine the value of the country’s
goods and services produced within the territory given a certain time period. Higher
country income is brought upon by high productivity, often an indicator of presence
of technology.
The Essence of Technology

 Humanity has indeed come a long way from our primitive ways, and as a general rule, it
is said that we are more “developed” than we were before. Above data few indicators of
the route that we have come to take as species, and there are no signs of stopping.
 Modern human are reliant on technology in their search for the GOOD LIFE. Man is
constantly in pursuit of the good life.
 Science and technology has been, for the most part, at the forefront of man’s attempts
at finding his happiness.
MODULE 9: Science, Technology, and Nichomachean Ethics
 Philosophical giant Aristotle takes on the big question: HOW TO FIND THE HIGHEST GOOD
IN LIFE? His Nichomachean Ethics influenced centuries of political philosophy and gives
enduring advice for seekers of happiness.
 Nichomachean Ethics is a philosophical inquiry into the nature of the Good life for a human
being. Every human activity aims at some end that we consider Good. Everyone agrees that
the supreme Good is HAPPINESS, but people disagree over what constitutes happiness.
 The Nichomachean Ethics is a book written by Aristotle named for Nicomachus, which in
keeping with the Greek practice of boys being named after their grandfather, was the name
of both Aristotle’s father and son.
What are virtues?

 Aristotle sees virtues as character traits and tendencies to act in a particular way. We
gain them through practice and by copying ‘moral exemplars’ until we manage to
internalize the virtue. In Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses the following 11
virtues:
1. Courage – the midpoint between cowardice and recklessness. The courageous person is
aware of the danger but goes in any way.
2. Temperance – the virtue between overindulgence and insensitivity. Aristotle would view
the person who never drinks just as harshly as the one who drinks too much.
3. Generosity – the virtue of charity, this is the golden mean between miserliness and giving
more than you can afford.
4. Magnificence – the virtue of living extravagantly. It rests between stinginess and vulgarity.
Aristotle sees no reason to be ascetic but also warns against being flashy.
5. Magnanimity – the virtue relating to pride, it is the midpoint between not giving yourself
enough credit and having delusions of grandeur. It is a given that you also have to act on
this sense of self-worth and strive for greatness.
6. Right Ambition – a disposition to aim at the intermediate between empty vanity and undue
humility.
7. Patience – this is the virtue that controls your temper. The patient person must neither get
too angry nor fail to get angry when they should.
8. Truthfulness – the virtue of honesty. Aristotle places it between the vices of habitual lying
and being tactless or boastful.
9. Wittiness – at the midpoint between buffoonery and boorishness, this is the virtue of a
good sense of humor.
10. Friendliness – while being friendly might not seem like a moral virtue, Aristotle claims
friendship is a vital part of a life well lived.
11. Justice – the virtue of dealing fairly with others. It lies between selfishness and selflessness.
 Man’s highest action and most complete happiness is a life of contemplation of the
highest goods. Man’s intellectual capacity is his highest capacity, and therefore his
highest happiness resides in the use of that capacity.
 The life of contemplation is so sublime that it is practically divine, and man can achieve
it only insofar as there is something divine in him.
MODULE 11: When Technology and Humanity Cross
 The ever-growing society has made people see technology as some form of necessity.
Technology these days enjoys such fame and glory because of the many different benefits it
brings to humanity.
 A number of technological devices can be easily found inside the home, the most accessible
place to anyone. A typical household owns at least four of the following devices: a mobile
phone (89%), smartphone (53%), tablet (14%), desktop (39%), laptop or netbook (37%), and
smart TV (4%).
Some facts about Filipinos and their use of gadgets and the internet:
 Mobile phone subscriptions is at 119 million
 Filipinos spend approximately 3.2 hours on mobile and 5.2 hours on desktop daily
 Currently, the Philippines has one of the highest digital population in the world
 There are now 47 million active Facebook accounts in the Philippines
 The Philippines is the fastest-growing application market in Southeast Asia
Pros and Cons of Technological Advancements
Pros:
 Flexibility
 Easily accessible
 Increase job opportunities
 Entertainment
Cons
 Lazy and unhealthy
 Alienation
 Time management
 Environment
Possible trends when Technology and Humanity Cross
 Augmenting humans with technology
 Machines replacing humans
 Humans and machine working alongside each other
MODULE 12: History of Information Age
Information Age
 “Digital Age” and “New Media Age”
 Started in the last quarter of 20th century
 According to James R. Messenger who proposed the Theory of Information Age in 1982,
“the Information Age is a true new age based upon the interconnection of computers vial
telecommunications, with these information systems operating on both a real-time and as
needed basis. Furthermore, the primary factors driving this new age forward are
convenience and user-friendliness which, in turn, will create user dependence.”
BEFORE NOW
During Galileo’s and Newtons’ time, people Today, the human mind is pictured as a
were viewed as complicated mechanical complicated computer
machines
Thomas Alva Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Steven Jobs and William Gates
and Henry Ford
Screw and bolt in the Industrial era Microchip (inventors were awarded a Nobel
Prize in Physics in 2000)
Majority of labor force was into manufacturing Majority are engaged in supply of services
of goods
MODULE 13: Information Age-Automation
Information Age-Automation
 Highly modernized, automated, data-driven and technologically advanced – these best
describe our society nowadays, as evidenced by how information can be transferred or
shared QUICKLY. The different areas of society have been influenced tremendously such as
communications, economics, industry, health and the environment.
 As man evolved, information and its dissemination has also evolved in many ways.
Eventually, we no longer kept them to ourselves; instead, we share them and manage them
in different means.
Positive and negative effects of Automation
Positive
 Higher production rates and increased productivity
 More efficient use of materials
 Better product quality
 Improved safety
 Shorter workweeks for labor
 Reduced factory lead time
Negative
 Worker displacement resulting in emotional stress
 Higher level of maintenance needed that with a manually operated machine
 Generally lower degree of flexibility

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REVIEWER IN GEN 003

Barnachea, Shawnaleh Andrea D.

MODULE 7: Science in Daily Life

Without science, there will be no;

What is the Scientific Method?

MODULE 8: Science, Technology, and Human Condition

The Human Condition before Common Era

The Human Condition in the Common Era

The Essence of Technology

What are virtues?

MODULE 11: When Technology and Humanity Cross

MODULE 13: Information Age-Automation

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