Name: Jina Marie S.

Rico

Course & Year : BSEd-Science 2A

Module 4

Lesson 1

Activity 1:

1. Yes, I can say that it is based on reason because it explain why the person talking about
cannot do or don’t have the capability of doing the things being ask. And the reason why the
other one don’t have the trust or confused how he or she, the person talking about can do
or know it.
2. No, it is not a reason because it obviously show that he or she just being boastful of his /her
popularity.
3. Yes I can say it is a reason because I know law is important, it is needed or must be followed
and respected but in this case we need to consider the situation and prioritize especially it
talks about life – threatening.
4. No it is not a reason everyone is equal in the law. It doesn’t mean that you look like that or
physical appearance or reputation is not good as the other we still need to give chance to
heard and to exam her complain. She still deserve to receive the benefits of doubt and we
don’t have the right to jump into conclusion.
5. I can say that I am in the middle because some part maybe can be considered but the other
is not. Yes it might be a reason as she become better and it help her to fight her cancer but
on the other hand it maybe not a reason because it is only her testimony alone. No one or
no other testimonials can make the statement more stronger.
6. I can say it is a no, not a reason because it is not proven yet and don’t even enough proofs to
prove it and aside from that it is just bass to some’s idea.
7. No it is not a reason because for me you don’t need to experience things to know it.
Sometimes observations, reading articles, watching and listening to radio and by what other
people say you can have an idea or knowledge of what is like to be in that situation. And not
always gang violence, war of riot happens in the slam.
8. No it is unreasonable for me and it will never be a reason because a person's ability and
intelligence are not measured by the type of school he/she attends. We cannot deny the fact
that sometimes those people who studied in a low or average kind of school are more
respectful because they do have or they know to behave properly and have a good manners
and right conduct and a has a good personality than those people who study in a prestigious
or well known kind of university or school. Other than that a person's intellect and skill are
measured by personality and capability or ability to learn, adapt, analyze and interpret
things and above all by the type of characteristic he/ she has and how he/she can deal with
something and fix it.
9. My answer is in the middle of yes and no because there is no specific age said. For me it is a
yes if the age is in the 10 below and has a kind of life which is comfortable. Because for me
in that kind of life, less more experience, I’m not saying all but mostly because everything is
provided and way too different to those in the lower class family. On the other hand maybe
in general to other it’s a reason but if I gonna base it on my own experience it’s a no, not a
reason because in the age of 7 I experienced many things, I already learned to earn money, I
 also tried stealing to have food and toy to play cause aside the thought that my mother can’t
afford it, her salary is not enough to provide our daily needs. So as a eldest daughter I need
to help her and from that day that my father left us, me and my mother help each other to
support and provide the needs of my two brothers. In so many things I experienced even
before that I was too young I can say that being young is that the bases of how a person
understand things, it is their experience in life that mold and build their maturities.
10. No, it is not a reason because I believe that you don’t need to experience things to know
what will happen or what you gonna do to the situation. By observing to your surroundings,
reading articles about it, watching TV and listening to a radio and even listening to the
people who already experienced it is enough for you to have idea and knowledge of the
possible outcomes and resolution.

Presentation:

1. Number 1,4,8,9
2. Numbers 1,4, 8, and 9, 10
3. Numbers 2, 5,6,7, and 10
4. Some of the arguments are based on reason but I can also say that some is not and it also
unreasonable.

Assessment:

1. Why are argumentum ad hominem, ad verecundiam, ad misericordiam out of place in

Answer: I believe that “moral response” means, broadly, an assessment of an argument on,
not only on grounds of pure logic, but also on ethical merit. An argument ad hominem is an
attack on the character of the person making the point. It distracts from the argument by
implying that certain weaknesses of character mean that certain people are incapable of
recognising the truth because of their bad character. An argument ad verecundiam is, in
some ways, the opposite of an ad hominem attack. Instead of attacking character, however,
it is an appeal to character, or, at least, to authority. Finally, an argument ad misericordiam
is an appeal for sympathy. It distracts from the argument by playing on the emotions of the
audience.

2. Reason and impartiality are minimum requirements of morality. What does this mean? How
is this done?

Answer: Reason and experience are required for determining the likely effects of a given motive or
character trait, so reason does play an important role in moral judgment. Reason is the basis or
motive for an action, decision, or conviction. As a quality, it refers to the capacity for logical, rational,
and analytic thought; for consciously making sense of things, establishing and verifying facts,
applying common sense and logic, and justifying, and if necessary, changing practices, institutions,
and beliefs based on existing or new existing information. It also spells the difference of moral
judgements from mere expressions of personal preference. On the other hand morality requires
impartiality with regard to those moral agents affected by a violation of a moral rule—for example,
being partial toward friends is not morally allowed. The members must ensure that their
professional judgement is not compromised, and cannot reasonably be seen to be compromised, by
bias, conflict of interest, or the undue influence of others. The principle of impartiality assumes that
every person, generally speaking, is equally important; that is, no one is seen intrinsically more
significant than anyone else. In the case of moral judgments, they require backing by reasons. Thus,
reason commends what it commends, regardless of our feelings, attitudes, opinions, and desires.
Impartiality involves the idea that each individual’s interests and point of view are equally important.

3. Explain. Moral courage is especially good when it contributes to the well-being of other
people.

Answer: Courage is the bravery and/or strength to do something that could be dangerous. Courage
is an ethical value if it is applied in a moral way. It means to distinguish right from
wrong; good from bad and act out of the conviction that morality is the basis of an
ethical community/society. Moral courage in our personal lives means to stand up and
be counted when a wrong doing occurs. It means to support people of good will, that at
least sometimes, to put the interests of others ahead of our own self-interest. Moral
courage is the most important of the virtues, because without it, no other virtue can be practiced
consistently. This helps us address ethical issues and take action when doing the right thing is not
easy. It involves the willingness to speak out and do what is right in the face of forces that would
lead us to act in some other way. Developing will and moral courage involves developing self-
control. It includes nurturing the ability to stick to actions, thoughts, and behavior, which lead to
moral improvement and success. It encompasses endowing the inner strength to focus all the energy
on a moral goal and persevere until it is accomplished. Lots of people have courage. In most cases
we think of it as a positive way to live. After all, courageous people are not afraid to stand up and be
counted. But to have moral courage means to do what is right simply because it is the right thing to
do even at personal sacrifice.

Reflection:

1. Have you used reason and have you been impartial in your most recent moral decisions?

Answer: Yes, I always use reason in every decision I made. It help me in analysing things and guide
me in making a better choices. As the time passed and we becoming older and mature, the
challenges we face become more complicated, as our decision- making become hard. It is important
to be reasonable in any ways and think carefully of the action were gonna make before doing it.
Being reasonable is a must and needed to make a wise decision. On the other hand, talking about
impartial, yes, I use it in some of my recent decisions. I know it is not easy to applied this especially
that as a human we have our nature of being selfish, biased and other negative attitude. As like what
they say we’re just human and we’re not perfect. But I still do my best as possible as I can to be fair
and reasonable in every action and decisions I gonna do. We maybe facing the reality but still have
the capability to control our moral decisions.
 2. How have you applied creative responsibility in your approach to a moral problem?

Answer: There are times we face a kind of problem or challenges that really pain us to the point that
we blind to see light and solutions in that situation. I can say that I experienced that kind of trouble
recently and it’s too late for realize that those rash decision-making cause by too much emotion that
I feel on that moment lead me to the pain I suffering this past few months. Because of the mistake I
made my point of view in life becomes dark and cloudy. I occupied by so many emotions and
questions that I cannot think clearly to the point I choose a wrong path causes me a more trouble.
But because of the people in my surroundings that really cares for me (my family and friends), I
realized that the option I made is clearly not good and the best for me. Thinking outside the circle
and not focusing to the dark side of the problem to make a right response is somehow hard and
painful but it always right and the best for us. The problem is not only negative if we just not too
focus to pain and to the trouble it gives, we can see the benefits it can give to us, which is the lesson
it teaches and the training of being brave and intelligence in the times we solving it is what makes us
more stronger. According to Fr. Gorospe the creative responsibility is something to be discovered
and created and is best envisioned in concert cases. To answer the question of how I applied
creative responsibility in a moral problem – it is through making response and decision when my
mind is clear and my emotions are balance. Because of what I experienced I realized that rashing
things will not bring any good. Making a right response requires diligent effort and concentration.
Yes, we often make a mistake because we are in trouble by a certain problem but if we learn how to
composed yourself and don’t let your guards down we can handle the situation, find a appropriate
solution and avoid more troubles. Also your morals are who you are and what makes you who you
are in your soul as an individual.

Lesson 2

Activity 1:

1. One sticker in a truck says: “If it feels good do it.” What does this mean? Is this always right?

Answer: “Feels good” usually refers to an immediate body response, and our bodies are aligned so
that things that do us good invoke those responses. Eat when you are hungry. Drink when you are
thirsty. Avoid things that cause you pain. But there are also things that we do because for us it feels
good but in others point of view is not. I can also say that not all the time doing what we feel is good
is always right because there circumstances that what we think is right, is wrong to other. This is
cause by our differences in belief, the way we appreciate, interpret and the way we see things,
mostly we usually focus to the feeling of good it gives, that we forgot that not all the things it gives is
good and right for us and for others.
 2. Here are some statements from a Filipina OFW in the USA. Read then answer the questions
below.

“I will never be able to forgive myself if I won’t fly home to be with my family in my father’s
death. I may not be able to talk to him anymore, you may find it impractical and unreasonable
but I have to fly home. If I don’t, I will not feel whole at all.”

If you were the Filipina nurse, would you decide and act the same way? Why?

Answer: For me it is really unreasonable and impractical to decide to go home especially that you
are in the far away country. Yes, it is hard losing someone we love especially that we are far from
them but we cannot just do what we want and what we think is right during that time. It is truly hard
to decide in the situation like that because your father is what we talking about but we need to
consider many things before rushing things to make sure that there will no regrets at the end. As for
me I will not deny that I will act the same as what Filipina nurse reacted especially that it is my father
but I will also think of some things that might cause barrier such as the papers that I need to compile
for me to allowed to go home, my job and my contract. Of course I’m working there so everything is
not easy, not because I want to go home and I need to go home I can immediately do that. There so
many things to do and people to ask permission for me to allowed to go home.

Presentation:

1. What is wrong with “If it feels good, do it”?

Answer: As what I said not all the time we feel good, we do it because there are things that are right for us
but wrong in the eyes of others. That is the mistake of always doing the things we want and feels good
because sometimes we become insensitive to the people in our surroundings especially we just focus on what
we want and for us is right to the point that we forget that we are a different person with different perspective
and the way we understanding the things around us. We have forgotten that we are not always united which
causes frequent confusion, trouble and misunderstanding

2.  Would you consider the Filipina nurse’s decision to fly home right? Why or why not?

Answer: No, because like what I said working abroad is not easy. You have your contract with your
employer or the company you are working for. Once you gonna rash things because of too much
emotion without thinking right it might cause of creating wrong and unthinkable decision. It can also
lead to breach of contract – it is a legal cause of action and a type of civil wrong, in which a binding
agreement or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to
the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance.
Assessment:

1. Recall one thing you learned which you clearly remember up to this moment. Is it correct to
say that if ever you remember that which you learned up to now, it is because it touched
you somehow? What does this tell you about emotion in relation to learning?

Answer: There are a lot of experiences that stuck in my mind and heart. Those lessons it gives and I
learned that I still remember and apply until now help me to mold myself into a better person. Those
things are precious to me as it help me to face and overcome different challenges. I can say that it
really life changing, things pass by in our life to train us to be more wise, intelligent and stronger. I
can’t forgot those lessons because it really touches my heart. Way back in my elementary days, I can
say that I am a victim of bullying. There are no days that my schoolmates will not laugh at me or
throw anything and playing fun with me. All I do is to cry in the corner and pity myself. Asking God
what is the purpose of me living on this earth. I even doubt my worth and importance. Until one day
I accidentally look at myself in the mirror after crying I realized how disgusting I am. From that
moment I learn to ignore there negative comments, don’t give a care in what they say and accept my
less/flaws and love myself even more. The two things I learned on that experience is first, don’t
judge people easily because you just know them by their name and only see what their out side
appearance and only know things that you’ve heard from other people but you never know their
whole and real stories. Second, love and accept yourself for you to be truly happy. On the other
hand, emotions is important in learning Emotions can affect the learner at different stages of the
learning process. As it has been demonstrated, they can have a positive or negative impact on one's
attention, motivation, learning strategies and ability to self-regulate learning. We cannot deny the fact
that we usually make decisions based on the emotions we feel during that time. It has a positive and
negative effects but it depends on how we face it.

2. In logic, there is a fallacy on “appeal to the pity” (argumentum as misericordiam). What does
this tell you regarding the roles of feeling and reason in making moral decision?

Answer: Emotion lies at its centre. If a brand prioritises the emotional connection, they can open a
consumer to new ideas, drive behaviour and establish trust. Emotions are actually very rational.
They're part of the mechanism of reasoning and inform even our most logical decisions. Emotions
evoked by suffering, such as sympathy and empathy, often lead people to act ethically toward
others. So, while we may believe that our moral decisions are influenced most by our philosophy or
religious values, in truth our emotions play a significant role in our ethical decision-making.

3. When do feelings work against moral decision making? Explain

Answer: When you are rushing in making decisions cause by too much emotion you feel, it will lead
you in regret and unthinkable actions. This is the time when feelings work against moral decision
making. Emotions can effect not just the nature of the decision, but the speed at which you make it.
Anger can lead to impatience, and rash decision-making. If you’re excited, you might make quick
decisions without considering the implications, as you surf the wave of confidence, and optimism
about the future.
Reflection

1. Recall a moral decision you made. Did you consider your feelings? Did you end up doing the
right thing or the wrong thing? If you ended up wrongly, why? Any lesson learned?

Answer: A month before November I already plan to had a surprise birthday party for my mom, I
starting saving money and asking my daddy Angie (youngest sister of my mother) and my two
brothers cooperation. When a month of November started I was so very happy and excited, I already
imagining my mom’s reaction but a week before her birthday, she cry in front of me telling all of her
financial problems. I can’t react at first, I don’t know what to say or how to comfort her. I was
confused where to listen, in what my mind says that I will stick on my mind or my heart that says I
will help her with the money I have. I was stuck in two, there are only thing I want from very
beginning of my plan, is to make my mom happy and even a one day of her life she can get out in all
the stress and forget the problems she has. But while I look at my mother, my heart slowly crashing
into pieces. So I decided to give here the money and I told her that the money is for her birthday
party, the money is totally up to her, so she will take care of where she will use it as long as she is happy and
she is light-hearted in what she will do. And yes I did consider my feelings on that decision because I choose to
follow what my heart wants. I ended up in a right decision because my mom become really happy. All her
financial problems are done and even there’s no party in her birthday like what I plan, at least I succeed to the
part that she will celebrate her birthday with a piece of mind and far from stress. I learn that not all the things
you will plan will be happen because how much perfect and organized your plan is, there still unexpected
circumstances that will happen. All you need to do is to choose the right path that even your plan will not
gonna happen at least the point of it or the purpose of the plan will happen even in different way.