Population Evolution, Genetic Drift, Hardy-Weinberg Webquest Student Handout

HS LS3-3
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: _______________________________________
Lucas Navarro Period: _____________
Biología A Date: ____________

22/03/23

Population Evolution, Genetic Drift, Hardy-Weinberg Webquest

Essential Question: How can we use statistics to explain variation and distribution of

traits in a population?

Go to the following website: https://bit.ly/2C5VCcz

Learning Objectives
1. Describe how the forces of _____________
genetic drift, genetic _________________,
hitchkiking gene ____________,
flow

and _______________
mutation can lead to differences in population _________________.

variation

2. Write definitions for the following terms in your own words.

Word Definition (in your own words)

Gene flow Intercambio de genes entre poblaciones a especies

un fenómeno en el que un gen aumenta en una población porque se encuentra cerca de genes en el mismo
Genetic Hitchkiking cromosoma que son ventajosos para un organismo

Genetic Drift un cambio general de la distribución de alelos en una población aislada, debido a fluctuaciones
aleatorias en las frecuencias de alelos individuales de los genes

Fitness la capacidad de un individuo para propagar sus genes

un proceso en el que los organismos individuales o fenotipos que poseen rasgos favorables
Natural Selection tienen más probabilidades de sobrevivir y reproducirse

Mutation cualquier cambio heredable de la secuencia de pares de bases del material genético

The Evolution of Populations

3. According to evolutionary theory, what does every organism (humans, beetles, bacteria, plants, )
share?

____________________________________________

a common ancestor

4. What has left the earth with diverse life forms?

____________________________________________

evolutionary pressure

5. What are all organisms composed of? _______________

cells

6. What do all cells use? _______________

DNA

7. What does the theory of evolution give us?

____________________________________________

A unifying theory to explain the similarities and differences within life’s organisms and processes
Population Evolution, Genetic Drift, Hardy-Weinberg Webquest Student Handout HS LS3-3
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Genetic Variation in Populations
8. What is a population? __________________________________________________________________

a group of individuals that can all interbreed (species)

9. Because these _____________________

individuals can share ________________
genes and pass on combinations
of genes to the next _____________________,
generation the _____________________
collection
of these genes is called
a _____________________.
gene pool

individuals
10. The process of evolution occurs only in _____________________
populations and not in ___________________.
A single individual ___________________
cannot evolve alone; evolution is the _____________________
process of
changing the gene _____________________
frequences within a gene ___________.
pool

11. What are the five forces that cause genetic variation and evolution in populations?

(1) ________________________

mutations

(2) ________________________

natural selections

(3) ________________________

genetic drift

(4) ________________________

genetic hitchkiking

(5) ________________________

gene flow

Mutations
12. Using the diagram to the right, what happened to the DNA
code?

____________________________________________________

there is a mutation in CAT it changed to CCT

13. What allows organisms to survive?

____________________________________________________

traits and characteristics

14. What are three examples of characteristics that help organisms survive?

(1) ________________________

better camouflage

(2) ________________________

faster swimming

(3) ________________________

more efficient digestion

15. Mutations occur _______________________,

spontaneously but not all mutations are ________________________;
heritable

they are passed down to ________________________

offspring only if the mutations occur in the
________________________.
gametes These heritable mutations are responsible for the rise of new
______________
traits in a ________________________.

population

Natural Selection
16. What does natural selection act on? ______________________________________________________

the frequency of traits

17. Why are organisms in a constant struggle for existence? ____________________________________

there are more organisms than resources

Population Evolution, Genetic Drift, Hardy-Weinberg Webquest Student Handout HS LS3-3
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18. In natural selection, those individuals with ______________________________

superior traits will be able to
_______________________________________________.The
produce more offspring more ________________
offspring an organism
can ________________,
produce the higher its ________________.

fitness

19. Use the figure under the

“natural selection” section
to label the diagram to the
right.

mutation creates variation

unfavorable mutations selected against

reproduction and mutation occur

favorable mutations more likely to survive

..and reproduce

20. As ____________________
mutations create ____________________,
variation natural selection affects the
____________________
frequency of that ____________
trait in a ____________________.
population Mutations that confer a
________________
benefit (such as running ______________
faster or digesting food more __________________)
efficiently

can help that organism __________________

survive and ____________________,
reproduce carrying the
____________________
mutation to the next generation.

Genetic Drift
21. When do gene frequencies tend to “drift”? ________________________________________________

When selective forces are absent or relatively weak

22. When do genes become “fixed”?

______________________________________
either disappearing from the population or ______________________________________

replacing the other variations completely

23. Using color, draw the genetic drift diagram to illustrate what happens to the red gene in the
population

Population Evolution, Genetic Drift, Hardy-Weinberg Webquest Student Handout HS LS3-3

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Gene Hitchhiking
24. What type of reproduction does recombination occur in? _______________________

sexual reproduction

25. What happens tot the genes during recombination?

genes are usually shuffled so that each parent gives its

____________________________________________________________

offspring a random assortment of its genetic variation

26. What type of genes often assort together?

____________________________________________________________

genes that are close together on the same chromosome

27. When may the frequency of a gene increase in a population?

frequency
The ____________________________________________________________

of a gene may increase in a population through genetic hitchhiking if its proximal genes confer a benefit.

____________________________________________________________

Gene Flow
28. What is gene flow?

____________________________________________________________

The exchange genes between populations o batyjpan species

____________________________________________________________

29. If the gene ___________

pools between _________
species populations are __________________,
different the exchange
of genes can introduce _________________
variation that is ____________________
advantageous or ___________________
disadvantageous

to one of the ____________________.

populations If advantageous, this gene variation may ________________
replace

all the other _________________

variations until the entire population _________________
exhibits that
_________________.

trait

Population Genetics
30. Learning Objectives: Define a ___________________
population gene pool and explain how the ____________
size

of the ____________
gene pool can affect the evolutionary ________________
success of a __________________.

population

31. Write definitions for the following terms in your own words.

Word Definition (in your own words)

Allele alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

Gene Pool the gene pool is the set of all genes in any population

Founder Effect the founder effect is the loss of a genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established

genetic hitchkiking is when an allele changes frequency because it is near another gene that is undergoing
Gene Hitchhiking a selective sweep and that is on the same DNA chain

32. What are variations of a gene for a particular characteristic called? __________________________

alleles
Population Evolution, Genetic Drift, Hardy-Weinberg Webquest Student Handout HS LS3-3
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33. What are the three alleles for the ABO blood type system?

(1) ______________________

IA

(2) ______________________

IB

(3) ______________________

34. What genotypes will show a type A phenotype?

- ____________
IAIA or ____________

IAI

35. What genotypes will show a type B phenotype?

- ____________
IBIB or ____________

IBI

36. What genotypes will show a type AB phenotype?

- ____________
IAIB

37. What genotypes will show a type O phenotype?

- ____________

II

38. Draw the red blood cells with each type of antigen displace on the outside of a red blood cell.

39. How many alleles alleles can a diploid organism carry for a gene? ____________

40. Define population genetics:

____________________________________________________________________________________

Population genetics is the study of how selective forces change a population through changes in allele and genotypic frequencies

Allele Frequency
41. What is the allele frequency?

____________________________________________________________________________________

The rate at which a specific allele appears within s population

42. What do allele frequencies range from? __________

0 to __________

43. What does an allele frequency of 0 (zero) mean? ___________________________________________

present in no individuals

44. What does an allele frequency of 1 mean? ________________________________________________

present in all individuals

 Population Evolution, Genetic Drift, Hardy-Weinberg Webquest Student Handout HS LS3-3
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45. Allele _____________________

frequencies
can be expressed as a __________________
decimal
or as a
__________________
percent and always add up to ______,
1 or __________
100 percent, of the total
____________________.
population

46. For example, in a sample ____________________

population of humans, the __________________
frequecy of the
______
IA allele might be ________,
.2% which would mean that ________%
26 of the ____________________
chromosomes

in that population carry the IA _______________.

allele If we also know that the ____________________
frequency

of the ______
-IB allele in this population is _______,
.14 then the frequency of the _____ allele is _______,
.8

which we obtain by ____________________

subtracting all the known ____________
allele frequencies from 1 (thus:
__________________________________)

1-.26-.144-.6

47. What does a change in allele frequencies constitute (mean)?

____________________________________________________________________________________

evolution in the population

Population Size and Evolution

48. What is genetic drift?

__________________________________________________________

When allele frequencies within a population change randomly with no advantage

__________________________________________________________

to the population over existing allele frequencies

49. What kind of populations are susceptible to genetic drift?

_________________________________________________________

smaller populations

50. What does it mean when an allele is fixed at zero? _______________

absent

51. What does it mean when an allele is fixed at 1? __________________

universally present

52. When will an allele frequency increase?

If an allele confers a phenotype that enables an individual to better survive or have more offspring the frequency
_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

of that allele will increase

53. What does it mean when a population becomes fixed?

_________________________________________________________

when every individual in the population carries the allele

_________________________________________________________

54. How can a detrimental recessive allele linger in a population?

_________________________________________________________

A detrimental recessive allele can linger for generations in a population hidden by the dominant

_________________________________________________________

allele in the heterozygotes

55. What individuals are eliminated from a population with a detrimental recessive allele?

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

 Population Evolution, Genetic Drift, Hardy-Weinberg Webquest Student Handout HS LS3-3

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The Founder Effect
56. When does the founder effect occur?

____________________________________________________________________________________

What part of a population becomes isolated and establishes a separate gene pool with its own allele frequencies

____________________________________________________________________________________

57. When can a new population be very different genetically from the original population?

a small____________________________________________________________________________________

When number of individuals become the basis of a new population, this new population can be different genetically from the original population if the
founders are not representative of the original
____________________________________________________________________________________

58. What three forces can cause significant changes in a gene pool of a population?

____________________________________________________________________________________

Natural selection, genetic drift, and founder effect

____________________________________________________________________________________

59. Use color to draw the founder effect below (copy the image)

The ________________
Founder Effect: Here are __________
three possible outcomes
of the founder ______________,
effect each with ____________
gene pools separate
from the ________________
original populations.

Hardy-Weinberg Principle of Equilibrium

60. Learning Objectives: Use the ____________________________
Hardy Weinberg equation to calculate
________________
allelic and ________________
genotype frequencies in a ___________________.

population

61. Write definitions for the following terms in your own words.

Word Definition (in your own words)

Genotype The genotype is an organism’s genetic information

Phenotype The phenotype is the set of observable physical traits

Population Evolution, Genetic Drift, Hardy-Weinberg Webquest Student Handout HS LS3-3
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62. What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle state?

____________________________________________________________________________________

In a given population is large and is not experiencing mutations,

migrations, natural selection, or sexual selection
63. What are the five conditions

(1) _______________________________________________

no mutations

(2) _______________________________________________

no

immigration/emigration
(3) _______________________________________________

(4) _______________________________________________

no sexual reproduction

(5) _______________________________________________

large population

Hardy-Weinberg Equation and Analysis

the frequency of the dominant allele
64. What does the variable p represent? _______________________________________________

65. What does the variable q represent? _______________________________________________

the frequency of the recessive allele

66. What must the sum of p and q add up to (if only 2 possible alleles)? _________________________

1. or 100 %

.4
67. If the frequency of the “Y” allele is 0.6, what is the frequency of “y”? _________________________

68. Fill in the following types of peas from the example:

- pp (________)
YY produces ________________
yellow peas
aa qZ Aa 2qp AA p2

- pq (________)
Yy produces ________________
yellow peas

- qq (________)
yy
produces ________________
green peas

- p2 is the frequency of ____________________________

homozygous

- q2 is the frequency of ____________________________

homozygous

- 2pq is the frequency of __________________________

heterozygous

69. Label the graph to the right:

70. Therefore, by knowing the ________________

recessive phenotype and, thereby, the ________________
frequency of
that genotype ( ______
16 out of ______
100 individuals or ______),
.1 we can ________________
calculate the number
of other ________________.
genotypes If ______
q2 represents the frequency of ____________________
homozygous

recessive plants, then q2 = _______.

.16 Therefore, q = ________.
.4 Because p + q = _____ , then 1 –
0.4 = _______
p , and we know that p = _______.
.6 The frequency of ________________
homozygous dominant
plants (_____)
p2 is (_____)
.6 2 = _______.
.36 Out of _______
100 individuals, there are ______
36 homozygous
dominant (_____)
yy plants. The frequency of ____________________
heterozygous plants (_____) is 2(____)(____)
.6 =
.4 48 heterozygous Yy
____. Therefore, ______ out of ______
100
plants are _______________________ yellow (______).

Applications of Hardy-Weinberg
71. The Hardy-Weinberg principle gives scientists a _______________________
mathematical baseline of a
____________________
non-evolving population to which they can compare __________________
evolving populations.