Sampaguita

Calamansi

Article 1

Original: The phytochemical extracts found in citrus fruit peels have been shown to exhibit mosquito
repellent activity, but only at an acceptable concentration, according to the publication "Mosquito
Repellent Activity of Phytochemical Extracts from Peels of Citrus Fruit Species" (2012). Citrus sinensis,
Citrus limonum, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus reticulata, and Citrus vitis fruit peel phytochemical extracts
were investigated for their ability to ward off mosquitoes. The application of phytochemical extracts to
the human volunteers' bare legs, faces, and hands demonstrated the repellent effect of the extracts.
This experiment had a successful conclusion. All of the extracts from the various citrus fruit species
produced effective insect repellent action at their respective doses, but only for varying lengths of time.
According to the collected data, the 25% concentration of Citrus vitis extracts provided a long-lasting
repellent effect of more than 5 hours while the 5% and 10% concentration of all the extracts failed to
create any repellent effect. As for the 15% and 20% concentration levels of all the extracts, these
exhibited a repellent effect of less than 1 hour and more than 2 hours respectively. Side effects such as
mild skin itching and sneezing due to the use of the extracts from the peels of Citrus sinensis, Citrus
limonum, Citrus reticulata, and Citrus aurantifolia were observed after the experiment. Despite the
minimal incidents and reactions, this study has demonstrated that citrus fruit phytochemical extracts
provide general insect repellency.

Paraphrase: According to the article "Mosquito Repellent Activity of Phytochemical Extracts from Peels
of Citrus Fruit Species," the phytochemical extracts present in citrus fruit peels have been demonstrated
to exhibit mosquito repellent activity, but only at an appropriate concentration (2012). We looked on
the mosquito-repelling potential of citrus fruit peel phytochemical extracts from citrus sinensis, citrus
limonum, citrus aurantifolia, citrus reticulata, and citrus vitis. The repellent properties of the
phytochemical extracts were demonstrated by applying them to the bare hands, faces, and legs of the
human volunteers. The experiment was effective in reaching its goal. At their individual concentrations,
all of the extracts from the different citrus fruit species effectively repelled insects, but only for differing
amounts of time. The data gathered show that the 25% concentration of Citrus vitis extracts produced a
repellant effect that lasted for more than 5 hours while the 5% and 10% concentrations of all the
extracts were ineffective. The repellant effects of all the extracts at 15% and 20% concentration levels
were less than an hour and longer than two hours, respectively. After the trial, citrus extracts from the
peels of Citrus sinensis, Citrus limonum, Citrus reticulata, and Citrus aurantifolia were used, and side
effects including moderate skin itching and sneezing were noticed. This study has shown that citrus fruit
phytochemical extracts offer general insect repellency notwithstanding the few incidences and
reactions.

Source: Effiom. (2012.). Mosquito Repellent Activity Of Phytochemical Extracts From Peels Of

Citrus Fruit Species. Global Journals Inc. (USA).

https://globaljournals.org/GJSFR_Volume12/2-Mosquito-Repellent-Activity-of-Phytoche

%20%20mical-Extracts.pdf
Article 2

Original: This study evaluated the larvicidal activity of Citrofortunella microcarpa (calamansi)
peel essential oil (EO) against third and early fourth instar Aedes aegypti. Larvicidal assay was
performed against the test organisms to determine the efficacy of the essential oil at 8 ppm, 9
ppm, 10 ppm, and 11 ppm concentrations. Data on the larval mortality after 24 hours of exposure
were analyzed using Probit Analysis. Results from the bioassay revealed that calamansi peel EO
in 95% ethanol possessed great larvicidal potential with an estimated LC₅₀ of 8.89 ppm and
LC₉₀ of 10.57 ppm. This implies that calamansi peel EO is effective at low concentrations
against third and early fourth instar Ae. aegypti mosquito larvae and may be used as a potentially
safer and alternative bio larvicide posing minimal harmful effects to non-target organisms.
Paraphrase: In this investigation, the third and early fourth instar Aedes aegypti larvicide
activity of Citrofortunella microcarpa (calamansi) peel EO was assessed. The effectiveness of the
essential oil at doses of 8 ppm, 9 ppm, 10 ppm, and 11 ppm was evaluated using a larvicidal
assay against the test organisms. Probit Analysis was used to assess data on the mortality of
larvae 24 hours after exposure. Calamansi peel EO in 95% ethanol has a high larvicidal potential,
with an estimated LC50 of 8.89 ppm and LC90 of 10.57 ppm, according to the bioassay results.
According to this, third and early fourth instar Ae are resistant to calamansi peel essential oil at
low concentrations. aegypti mosquito larvae, and could be employed as a possibly safer
biolarvicide alternative. This indicates that calamansi peel EO is effective against third and early
fourth instar Ae at low concentrations. aegypti mosquito larvae and could be utilized as a
substitute biolarvicide that may be less hazardous to non-target creatures.
Source: Elumalai, D., Hemalatha, P., & Kaleena, P. (2017b). Larvicidal activity and GC–MS

analysis of Leucas aspera against Aedes aegypti Anopheles stephensi and Culex

quinquefasciatus. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 16(4), 306–313.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2015.10.003

Article 3
Original: Citrofortunella microcarpa (Calamansi) is a well-known fruit worldwide which is abundant
in Asia. The leaves of this fruit are packed with essential oils that benefit human beings, because it
drives mosquitoes away. Mosquitoes are carriers, or vectors, for some of humanity‟s most deadly
illnesses, and they are the number one public enemy in the fight against global infectious disease.
According to the World Mosquito Organization, the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the primary specie
responsible for transmitting viruses such as zika, dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever to people.
This study aimed to identify the efficacy of the Calamansi leaf extract as a natural based
mosquitocide. There were three different concentrations used: 50%, 75%, and 100%. Subsequently,
10 cages were labeled for each concentration, the positive control, and the negative control. There
were 255 Aedes aegypti mosquitoes divided in 10 different cages. Citrofortunella microcarpa
(Calamansi) leaf extract were administered every 15 minute interval. The Calamansi leaf extracts
effectively exterminated the mosquitoes, though 100% concentration that had the fastest time of
effect. Data show that there was no significant difference among the concentrations. In addition, the
effect of Citrofortunella microcarpa (Calamansi) extract has no significant difference with
commercial insecticide.
Paraphrase: Calamansi, also known as Citrofortunella microcarpa, is a popular fruit that is widely
available throughout Asia. This fruit's leaves are rich in essential oils that are good for humans
because they keep mosquitoes at bay. The number one enemy in the struggle against infectious
diseases around the world is the mosquito, which is a vector for some of humanity's deadliest
diseases. The mosquito species Aedes aegypti is the main species responsible for infecting humans
with viruses like zika, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever, according to the World Mosquito
Organization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a natural mosquitocide
made from calamansi leaf extract. 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations were employed, respectively.
The positive control, the negative control, and each concentration were then labeled on 10 cages.
Ten individual cages contained 255 Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Every 15 minutes, Citrofortunella
microcarpa (Calamansi) leaf extract was given. The mosquitoes were successfully eradicated by
calamansi leaf extracts, with 100% concentration having the quickest period of action. Results
indicate that there was no apparent variation in the concentrations. Also, there are no noticeable
differences in the effects of commercial pesticide and Citrofortunella microcarpa (Calamansi)
extract.
Source: Ambon, N. M. (2019.). Efficacy of Citrofortunella microcarpa (Calamansi) leaf extract

as mosquitocide against Aedes aegypti. GreenPrints.

https://greenprints.dlshsi.edu.ph/grade_12/58/

MAIN PARAGRAPH

As per (Effiom et al., 2012) the phytochemical extracts present in citrus fruit peels have been
demonstrated to exhibit mosquito repellent activity, but only at an appropriate concentration (2012).
We looked on the mosquito-repelling potential of citrus fruit peel phytochemical extracts from citrus
sinensis, citrus limonum, citrus aurantifolia, citrus reticulata, and citrus vitis. The repellent properties of
the phytochemical extracts were demonstrated by applying them to the bare hands, faces, and legs of
the human volunteers. The experiment was effective in reaching its goal. At their individual
concentrations, all of the extracts from the different citrus fruit species effectively repelled insects, but
only for differing amounts of time. The data gathered show that the 25% concentration of Citrus vitis
extracts produced a repellant effect that lasted for more than 5 hours while the 5% and 10%
concentrations of all the extracts were ineffective. The repellant effects of all the extracts at 15% and
20% concentration levels were less than an hour and longer than two hours, respectively. After the trial,
citrus extracts from the peels of Citrus sinensis, Citrus limonum, Citrus reticulata, and Citrus aurantifolia
were used, and side effects including moderate skin itching and sneezing were noticed. This study has
shown that citrus fruit phytochemical extracts offer general insect repellency notwithstanding the few
incidences and reactions.

In accord to (Elumalai et al., 2017), the third and early fourth instar Aedes aegypti larvicide
activity of Citrofortunella microcarpa (calamansi) peel EO was assessed. The effectiveness of the
essential oil at doses of 8 ppm, 9 ppm, 10 ppm, and 11 ppm was evaluated using a larvicidal
assay against the test organisms. Probit Analysis was used to assess data on the mortality of
larvae 24 hours after exposure. Calamansi peel EO in 95% ethanol has a high larvicidal potential,
with an estimated LC50 of 8.89 ppm and LC90 of 10.57 ppm, according to the bioassay results.
According to this, third and early fourth instar Ae are resistant to calamansi peel essential oil at
low concentrations. aegypti mosquito larvae, and could be employed as a possibly safer
biolarvicide alternative. This indicates that calamansi peel EO is effective against third and early
fourth instar Ae at low concentrations. aegypti mosquito larvae and could be utilized as a
substitute biolarvicide that may be less hazardous to non-target creatures.