AICD AND BASE MEGA

TITRATION QUESTIONS ( SOURCE: SOLUTION FOR ALL)

TITRATION : ACID & BASE WORKSHEET

1. 32,5 cm3 of a sulphuric acid solution neutralises exactly 25 cm3 of a potassium hydroxide

solution of concentration 0,6 mol.dm–3

a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction.
b) Name a suitable indicator for the reaction.
c) Calculate the concentration of the acid solution.

2. 12,4 g of NaOH is dissolved in 300 cm3 of water to make a standard solution.

57 cm3 of this solution is used to neutralise 30 cm3 of a solution of CH3COOH.
a) Calculate the concentration of the sodium hydroxide standard solution.
b) Name a suitable indicator for the reaction.
c) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
d) Calculate the concentration of the acetic acid solution.

3. What volume of a 0,5 mol.dm–3 solution of HCl is needed to neutralise 25 cm3 of a 0,4
mol.dm–3 solution of NaOH?

4. In a titration between NaOH and HCl, it was found that 48 cm3 of the NaOH of concentration
0,25 M just neutralised 25 cm3 of the acid of unknown concentration. What is the concentration
of the acid solution?

5. In the titration between H2SO4 and NaOH, it was found that 12 cm3 of the acid
of concentration 0,08 M just neutralised 8 cm3 of the base of unknown
concentration. What is the concentration of the base solution?

6. In an experiment to determine the concentration of a HCl solution, 30 cm3 of a

Na2CO3 solution of concentration 0,1 M neutralised 20 cm3 the HCl solution.
a) How many moles of Na2CO3 are there in 1 dm3 of the base solution?
b) What mass of Na2CO3 is there in 1 dm3 of the base of concentration 0,1 M?
c) Write a balanced equation for the above reaction.
d) Calculate the concentration of the HCl solution.

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e) What would be a suitable indicator to use in this titration?

7. 50 cm3 of a 0,2 M solution of NaOH exactly neutralised 30 cm3 of sulphuric acid solution.
a) Give a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
Calculate:
b) the concentration of the sulphuric acid solution.
c) the pH of the NaOH solution.
d) What would be a suitable indicator to use in this titration?

8. 2,5 g of NaOH is dissolved in water to make 250 cm3 of a standard solution. Of this solution,
exactly 25 cm3 are used to react completely with 15 cm3 of sulphuric acid.
a) Calculate the concentration of the standard solution.
b) Calculate the concentration of the sulphuric acid.

9. 5 g NaOH are dissolved in water and made up to a volume of 750 cm3. 48 cm3 of this
solution exactly neutralises 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid. Calculate the concentration of the
hydrochloric acid.

10. 2,8 g KOH are dissolved in water and made up to a volume of 450 cm3. 20 cm3 of this
solution exactly neutralises 25 cm3 of hydrochloric acid. Calculate the concentration of the
hydrochloric acid.

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SAMPLE SIMPLE EXAMS QUESTIONS

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PERCENTAGE PURITY

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KZN 2020

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MPU 2019

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EX

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EXEMPLAR 2014

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percentage Purity (harder)

"2.50g of impure sodium hydrogen carbonate was dissolved in

pure water and the volume made up to 250cm3. 25.0cm3 of this
solution was pipetted into a conical flask, a few drops of methyl
orange added, and sulphuric acid of concentration 0.050moldm-
3
was run in from a burette until the solution became orange
(endpoint reached). 28.3cm3 of acid were needed. What is the
percentage purity of the sodium hydrogencarbonate?"
So so far, I worked out the balanced equation:
2NaHCO3 + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2
(I hope that comes out right with all the subscript things)

So from that, I could work out that the Mole Ratio was 2:1. And therefore (0.05*0.0283 = 1.415x10-3) < Moles
of Sulphuric acid used.
Answer*2 (because of the ratio) makes the moles of sodium hydrogencarbonate 2.83x10-3...? I think anyway.

So from there I'm stuck, I timesd that by 10 because only 25 was used from a 250 solution, but I don't know

Q2
A 0.2600-g sample of impure Ca(OH)2 is dissolved in enough
water to make 45.70 mL of solution. 20.00 mL of the resulting
solution is then titrated with 0.2455-M HCl. What is the percent
purity of the calcium hydroxide if the titration requires 9.88 mL
of the acid to reach the endpoint?

percentage Purity (harder)

• 0.300g of aspirin was titrated with sodium hydroxide solution of

concentration 4.00g/dm3.
• If the aspirin required 16.45 cm3 of the NaOH(aq) to neutralise it, calculate
the percent purity of the aspirin.
o The simplified equation for the reaction is ...
o C6H4(OCOCH3)COOH + NaOH ==> C6H4(OCOCH3)COONa + H2O

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 o Mr(aspirin) = 180, Mr(NaOH) = 40 (atomic masses: C = 12, H = 1, O
= 16, Na = 23)
o Therefore the reacting mass ratio is 180g aspirin reacts with 40g of
sodium hydroxide.
o The titration was 16.45 cm3, so, converting the cm3 to dm3,
o the mass of NaOH used in the titration = 4.00 x 16.45/1000 = 0.0658g,
o so we can scale this up to get the mass of aspirin titrated,
o therefore the mass of aspirin titrated = 0.0658 x 180 / 40 = 0.296g
o therefore the % purity = 100 x 0.296 / 0.300 = 98.7%
•

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• A 0.750g of commercial lye, impure NaOH, is dissolved in water and titrated with 32.0mL of 0.500M HCl.
What i the percent purity of the lye sample (I.E. the %NaOH in the lye)?

Equation: NaOH + HCl => NaCl + H20

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
NaOH reacts with HCl 1:1 molar ratio Now for HCl: n=cv

Mol NaOH used = 32/1000*05 = 0.016 mol therefore, n= 0.5 x 0.032 = 0.016 mol

Therefore 0.016mol NaOH used ratio of n(HCl) : n(NaOH) = 1:1

Molar mass NaOH = 40g/mol
0.016 mol = 0.016*40 = 0.64g NaOH Therefore n(NaOH) = 0.016 mol
% NaOH in 0.75g sample = 0.64/0.75*100 =
85.3% NaOH in the lye mass of NaOH = n x molar mass
= 0.016 x (23 + 16 + 1)
= 0.64 g
Now % purity = mass of NaOH / mass of lye *100
%
= 0.64/0.75 x 100 %
= 85.333%
•
•

MPU 2015

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Back Titration
IEB MAY JUNE 2021

NC 2019

Nov 2021

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June july 2021

Eastern cape 2014

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Ec june2017

June 2021 Mpu

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NC 2019

EX7

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EX 8

FS 2018

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EC 2018

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JUNE JULY 2019

Nov Dec 2016 grade 11

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Source mind gap

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Guateng 2016

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Nov 2015

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Nov 2014

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GAUTENG 2015

QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page.)

7.1 Many people use milk of magnesia Mg(OH)2 to relieve an upset stomach.
The pH of the hydrochloric acid in a certain person’s stomach is 1.

7.1.1 Is hydrochloric acid a MONOPROTIC or a DIPROTIC acid? (1)

7.1.2 Calculate the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in the person’s stomach.
(3)

7.1.3 How will the pH in the stomach be affected after taking a dose
of Mg(OH)2? Write only INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS
THE SAME. (1)

7.1.4 Write down the balanced equation for the reaction that takes place between the
acid in the stomach and Mg(OH)2. (3)
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7.2 Calcium sulphate is slightly soluble in water. Learners decide to test dam water from a
local municipality for calcium sulphate. They treat a 0,5 dm3 sample of the dam water
with excess sodium carbonate solution to
precipitate the calcium ions present according to the following balanced equation:

CaSO4(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + CaCO3(s)

The CaCO3 precipitate is then reacted with 30 cm3 of a 0,1 mol∙dm-3 HCℓ solution. The
HCℓ(aq) is in excess. The balanced equation for the reaction is:

CaCO3(s) + 2HCℓ(aq) → CaCℓ2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(ℓ)

The EXCESS HCℓ(aq) is neutralised by adding 15,8 cm3 of a 0,1 mol∙dm-3

NaOH solution. The balanced equation for the reaction is:

HCℓ(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCℓ(aq) + H2O(ℓ)

Calculate the mass of calcium sulphate that was present in the sample
of dam water. Assume that calcium sulphate is the only source of calcium
ions in the sample. (9)
[17]
KZN JUNE 2015

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Q4 100 cm3 of a magnesium hydroxide solution required 4.5 cm3 of sulphuric acid (of
concentration 0.100 mol dm-3) for complete neutralisation. [atomic masses: Mg = 24.3, O =
16, H = 1)

(a) give the equation for the neutralisation reaction.

(b) calculate the moles of sulphuric acid neutralised.

(c) calculate the moles of magnesium hydroxide neutralised.

(d) calculate the concentration of the magnesium hydroxide in mol dm -3 (molarity).

(e) calculate the concentration of the magnesium hydroxide in g cm -3.

Q5 Magnesium oxide is not very soluble in water, and is difficult to titrate directly.

Its purity can be determined by use of a 'back titration' method. 4.06 g of impure
magnesium oxide was completely dissolved in 100 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, of concentration 2.00 mol dm-
3
(in excess).

The excess acid required 19.7 cm3 of sodium hydroxide (0.200 mol dm-3) for neutralisation.

This 2nd titration is called a 'back-titration', and is used to determine the unreacted acid.

[atomic masses: Mg = 24.3, O = 16)

(a) write equations for the two neutralisation reactions.

(b) calculate the moles of hydrochloric acid added to the magnesium oxide.

(c) calculate the moles of excess hydrochloric acid titrated.

(d) calculate the moles of hydrochloric acid reacting with the magnesium oxide.

(e) calculate the moles and mass of magnesium oxide that reacted with the initial hydrochloric acid.

(f) hence the % purity of the magnesium oxide.

(g) what compounds could be present in the magnesium oxide that could lead to a false value of its purity
? explain.

Q6 2.00 dm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid (10.0 M) was spilt onto a laboratory floor. It
can be neutralised with limestone powder. [atomic masses: Ca = 40, C = 12, O = 16)

(a) give the equation for the reaction between limestone and hydrochloric acid.

(b) how many moles of hydrochloric acid was spilt?

(c) how many moles of calcium carbonate will neutralise the acid?

(d) what minimum mass of limestone powder is needed to neutralise the acid?

(e) If 1000 dm3 of sulphuric acid, of concentration 2.00 mol dm-3, leaked from a tank,

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calculate the minimum mass of magnesium oxide required to neutralise it.

Q7 A 50.0 cm3 sample of sulphuric acid was diluted to 1.00 dm 3. A sample of the diluted
sulphuric acid was analysed by titrating with aqueous sodium hydroxide. In the titration,
25.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm-3 aqueous sodium hydroxide required 20.0 cm3 of the diluted
sulphuric acid for neutralisation.

(a) give the equation for the full neutralisation of sulphuric acid by sodium hydroxide.

(b) calculate how many moles of sodium hydroxide were used in the titration?

(c) calculate the concentration of the diluted acid.

(d) calculate the concentration of the original concentrated sulphuric acid solution.

Q8 A sample of sodium hydrogencarbonate was tested for purity using the following
method. 0.400g of the solid was dissolved in 100.0 cm3 of water and titrated with 0.200 mol
dm-3 hydrochloric acid using methyl orange indicator.

23.75 cm3 of acid was required for complete neutralisation. [Ar's: Na = 23, H = 1, C = 12, O = 16]

(a) Write the equation for the titration reaction.

(b) Calculate the moles of acid used in the titration and the moles of sodium hydrogencarbonate titrated.

(c) Calculate the mass of sodium hydrogen carbonate titrated and hence the purity of the sample.

Q4 ANSWERS (a) Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) ==> MgSO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

(b) moles of sulphuric acid neutralised = 0.100 x 4.5/1000 = 0.00045 mol

(c) moles of magnesium hydroxide neutralised also = 0.00045 (1:1 in equation) in 100 cm3

(d) concentration of the magnesium hydroxide in mol dm -3 = 0.00045 x 1000 ÷ 100 = 0.0045

(scaling up to 1000cm3 = 1dm3, to get molarity)

(e) molar mass of Mg(OH)2 = 58.3

so concentration of the magnesium hydroxide = 0.0045 x 58.3 = 0.26 g dm-3 (= g per 1000 cm3),

so concentration = 0.26 ÷ 1000 = 0.00026 g cm-3

Q5 ANSWERS (a)(i) MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) ==> MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

(a)(ii) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) ==> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

(b) moles of hydrochloric acid added to the magnesium oxide = 2 x 100/1000 = 0.20 mol HCl
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(c) moles of excess hydrochloric acid titrated = 19.7 ÷ 1000 x 0.200 = 0.00394 mol HCl

{mole ratio NaOH:HCl is 1:1 from equation (ii)}

(d) moles of hydrochloric acid reacting with the magnesium oxide = 0.20 - 0.00394 = 0.196 mol HCl

(e) mole MgO reacted = 0.196 ÷ 2 = 0.098 {1: 2 in equation (i)}

the formula mass of MgO = 40.3

therefore mass of MgO reacting with acid = 0.098 x 40.3 = 3.95 g

(f) % purity = 3.95 ÷ 4.06 x 100 = 97.3% MgO

(g) Mg(OH)2 from MgO + H2O, MgCO3 from the original mineral source, both of these compounds react with
acid and would lead to a false titration value.

Q6 ANSWERS (a) CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) ==> CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

(b) moles of hydrochloric acid was spilt = 2.00 x 10.0 = 20 mol HCl

(c) moles of calcium carbonate to neutralise the acid = 20 ÷ 2 = 10.0 mol CaCO3 (1:2 in equation)

(d) formula mass of CaCO3 = 100,

so mass of limestone powder needed to neutralise the acid = 100 x 10 = 1000g CaCO3

(e) the neutralisation reaction is MgO + H2SO4 ==> MgSO4 + H2O,

moles H2SO4 = 1000 x 2 = 2000 mol acid, 2000 mol MgO needed (1:1 in equation),

mass MgO needed = 2000 x 40.3 = 80600 g or 80.6 kg

Q7 ANSWERS (a) 2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) ==> Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

(b) moles of sodium hydroxide used in the titration = 25.0 x 1/1000 = 0.025 mol NaOH

(c) mol H2SO4 = mol NaOH ÷ 2 = 0.0125 mol in 20.0 cm3,

so scaling up to 1000 cm3 to get molarity of diluted acid = 0.0125 x 1000 ÷ 20 = 0.625 mol dm-3

(or molarity = 0.0125 mol/0.02 dm3 = 0.625 mol dm-3)

(d) scaling up from 50 to 1000 cm3, gives the concentration of the original concentrated sulphuric acid
solution,

= 0.625 x 1000 ÷ 50 = 12.5 mol dm-3

Q8 ANSWERS (a) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) ==> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

(b) mol = molarity x volume in dm3, mol acid = 0.200 x 23.75/1000 = 4.75 x 10-3 mol HCl

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from equation HCl:NaHCO3 is 1:1 by ratio

so mol HCl = mol NaHCO3 = 4.75 x 10-3

(c) mass = mol x formula mass, f. mass NaHCO3 = 23 + 1 + 12 + (3 x 16) = 84

mass NaHCO3 = 4.75 x 10-3 x 84 = 0.399 g

% purity of NaHCO3 = 0.399 x 100/0.40 = 99.75% (99.8%, 3sf)

Q9 ANSWERS (a)(i) Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) ==> 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

9a(ii) 20.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid contains 1.0 x 20.0/1000 = 0.02 mol HCl

From the equation, 0.020 mol HCl reacts with 0.010 mol Na2CO3, Mr(Na2CO3) = 106

therefore mass Na2CO3 titrated = 0.01 x 106 = 1.06 g per aliquot,

since 250 cm3 is 1/10th of the aliquot, 10 x 1.06 = 10.6 g of Na2CO3 would be used to make up the solution.

Molarity of Na2CO3(aq) = (10.6 g/106 g mol-1)/0.25 dm3 = 0.40 mol dm-3

9(b)(i) CH3COOC6H4COOH + NaOH ==> CH3COOC6H4COO-Na+ + H2O

9b(ii) 23.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm-3 NaOH contains 0.100 x 23.0/1000 = 0.0023 mol NaOH

From the equation, mol Aspirin = mol NaOH, M r(CH3COOC6H4COOH) = 180

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TITRATION: FORMULA MASS OR FORMULA OF A
COMPOUND

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FEB MARCH 2016

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Ex

You dissolve 1.00 g of an unknown diprotic acid in 200.0 mL of H2O. The

solution is just neutralized by 5.00 mL of a 1.00M NaOH solution. What is the
molar mass of the unknown acid?

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EC 2020

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 FINDING THE MOLES AND MALAR MASS OF AN UNKNOWN SOLID ACID
1. A lab team places .0250g of an unknown solid acid in an Erlenmeyer flask.
They neutralize the solid acid with 15.0ml of .210 M Na(OH)(aq). One mole of
the acid reacts with one mole of the base. Calculate the molar mass of the
unknown solid acid

2. A lab team places .0250g of an unknown solid acid in an Erlenmeyer flask.

They neutralize the solid acid with 15.0ml of .210 M Na(OH)(aq). One mole
of the acid reacts with one mole of the base. Calculate the molar
mass of the unknown solid acid

3. In a titration, 16.02 mL of 0.100M NaOH was required to titrate 0.2011 g of

an unknown acid, HX. What is the molar mass of the acid?

4. A student titrated a solution containing 3.7066 g of an unknown triprotic acid

to the end point using 28.94 ml of 0.3021 M KOH solution. What is the molar
mass of the unknown acid?

5. If a student titrated a solution containing 3.7066g of an unknown triprotic and

H3A, to the end point using 28.94mL of 0.3021M KOH solution, what is the
molar mass of the unknown acid?

6. You dissolve 1.00 g of an unknown diprotic acid in 200.0 mL of H2O. The

solution is just neutralized by 5.00 mL of a 1.00M NaOH solution. What is the
molar mass of the unknown acid?

7. A mass of 0.4113 g of an unknown acid, HA, is titrated with NaOH. If the acid
reacts with 28.10 mL of0.1055 M NaOH, what is the molar mass of the acid?

8. 22.87mL of a 0.1075 M NaOH solution are needed to neutralize 0.300 grams

of an unknown monoprotic acid. What is the molar mass of the acid?

9. A 0.125-g sample of monoprotic acid of unknown molar mass is dissolved in

water and titrated with 0.1003 M NaOH. The endpoint is reached after adding
20.77 mL of the base. What is the molar mass of the unknown acid?

10. An unknown mass of sodium carbonate was used to standardize 25.0

mL of approximately 0.1 M HCl. What is the mass of pure sodium carbonate
used in the above titration process?

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 11. A mass of 0.4113 g of an unknown acid, HA, is titrated with NaOH. If
the acid reacts with 28.10 mL of0.1055 M NaOH, what is the molar mass of
the acid?

12. A 0.6 g sample of a pure, weak diprotic acid gives end points at 20 ml
and 40 ml when it is titrated with 0.1 M NaOH. What is the molar mass of
weak acid?

13. 0.15g of an unknown acid reacts with 25 mL of 2M NaOH at complete

neutralization. What's the molar mass of the unknown acid?

14. A student titrated a solution containing 3.7066 g of an unknown triprotic

acid to the end point using 28.94 ml of 0.3021 M KOH solution. What is the
molar mass of the unknown acid?

15. What is the molecular weight of an unknown monoprotic acid if 0.4955 g

of the acid are neutralized by 37.00 mL of a 0.1000 M NaOH solution?

16. In a titration, a student adds 35.1 mL of a 5.11x10-4 M Ba(OH) 2

solution to 33.0 mL of an HCl solution of unknown concentration. What is the
molarity of the acid?

A 3.6g sample of a monoprotic acid is dissolved in enough water to produce 750mL of solution.
When a 25mL sample of this solution is titrated to the equivalence point, 12.5mL of a 0.1104M
NaOH solution is required. What is the molarmass of the acid?

17. Similar 7.8 gm of dibasic acid are dissolved in water and the solution
was made up to 250 cc. If 25 cc of the solution required 32 cc of 0.5 N NaOH
for neutralization, what is the molecular weight of the acid?

18. if it takes 0.1225 g of diprotic acid to neutralize 35.0 mL of a 0.25 N

base, what is the molecular mass of the acid?

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STRONG ACID , BASE & PH MIXTURE TITRATION
NOV 2022

MAY JUNE 2022 NCS REF NOV 2016

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TRIAL 2021

Nov 2019

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WC 2018

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JUNE JULY 2018

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TRIAL 2017 LP

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June July 2016

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Solution

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Sample Calculation

Question: 6.28 mL of 0.25 mol L-1 HCl(aq) has been added to 20.00 mL of 0.14 mol L-1 NaOH(aq).
Determine the pH of this solution.

Question
In an experiment, 14.00 mL of 0.10 mol L-1 HCl(aq) is added 1.00 mL at a time from a burette to a
conical flask containing 10.00 mL 0.10 mol L-1 NaOH(aq) solution at 25oC.

6. A solution of HCl of pH 1,2 and volume 0,2dm3 is mixed with a solution of NaOH of that has a pH
13,2 and volume 0,2dm3.
6.1. Calculate the mols of H+.
6.2. Calculate the mols of OH-.
6.3. Calculate the concentration of the excess mols.
6.4. Calculate the pH of this resultant solution

pH Calculations

1. A 250cm3 volumetric flask contains exactly 100cm3 of a 0,05mol.dm-3 sulphuric acid solution as
shown below.

1.1. Calculate the number of moles of hydronium ions in the flask assuming complete dissociation of
the acid.
1.2.Then, ten sodium hydroxide pellets, each of mass 0,1g are dropped into the flask. After the pellets
have dissolved completely, the flask is topped to the 250cm 3 mark with water. The flask is then
stoppered, and inverted a few times so that the resulting solution is of uniform concentration
throughout at 250C. Calculate the pH of the resulting solution. Work to three decimal places.

Calculations

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Below are the general steps you can use to the determine the pH of the resultant solution at any point
during a strong acid-strong base titration:

a. Extract the data from the question.

b. Write the balanced chemical equation for the neutralisation reaction.
c. Calculate the moles of acid present before reaction.
d. Calculate the moles of base present before reaction.
e. Use the stoichiometric (mole) ratio to decide which reactant, acid or base, is in excess after the
reaction occurs.
f. Calculate the excess moles of this reactant.
g. Calculate the total volume of the solution.
h. Calculate the concentration of the reactant that is in excess.
i. Calculate the pH of the solution.

Sample Calculation

Question: 6.28 mL of 0.25 mol L-1 HCl(aq) has been added to 20.00 mL of 0.14 mol L-1 NaOH(aq).
Determine the pH of this solution.

a. Extract the data from the question.

V(HCl(aq)) = volume of HCl(aq) = 6.28 mL = 6.28/1000 = 0.00628 L

[HCl(aq)] = c(HCl(aq)) = concentration of HCl(aq) = 0.25 mol L-1

V(NaOH(aq)) = volume of NaOH(aq) = 20.00 mL = 20.00/1000 = 0.02000 L

[NaOH(aq)] = c(NaOH(aq)) = concentration of NaOH(aq) = 0.14 mol L-1

b. Write the balanced chemical equation for the neutralisation reaction:

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
c. Calculate the moles of acid present before reaction.
moles(HCl) = concentration(HCl) x volume(HCl) in litres
n(HCl) = 0.25 x 0.00628 = 1.57 x 10-3 mol
d. Calculate the moles of base present before reaction.
moles(NaOH) = concentration(NaOH) x volume(NaOH) in litres
n(NaOH) = 0.14 x 0.02000 = 2.80 x 10-3
e. Use the stoichiometric (mole) ratio to decide which reactant, acid or base, is in excess after
reaction occurs.
stoichiometric (mole) ratio HCl:NaOH is 1:1
1 mol HCl reacts with 1 mol NaOH
1.57 x 10-3 mol HCl reacts with 1.57 x 10-3 mol NaOH
1.57 x 10-3 mol NaOH is less than the 2.80 x 10-3 mol NaOH that are present.
NaOH is in excess. (that is, HCl is the limiting reagent)
f. Calculate the excess moles of this reactant.
n(NaOH(in excess)) = n(NaOH(initial)) - n(NaOH(reacted with HCl))
n(NaOH(in excess)) = 2.80 x 10-3 - 1.57 x 10-3 = 1.23 x 10-3 mol

g. Calculate the total volume of the solution.

total volume of solution = volume of NaOH(aq) + volume of HCl(aq) added
total volume of solution = 0.0200 + 0.00628 = 0.02628 L
h. Calculate the concentration of the reactant that is in excess.
[NaOH(in excess)] = n(NaOH(in excess)) ÷ total volume of solution in litres
[NaOH(in excess)] = 1.23 x 10-3 ÷ 0.02628 = 0.0468 mol L-1
i. Calculate the pH of the solution.
NaOH is a strong base, it dissociates completely in water:

NaOH(aq) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

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 Therefore, [OH-(aq)(in excess)] = [NaOH(aq)(in excess)] = 0.0468 mol L-1
pOH = -log10[OH-(aq)(in excess)] = -log10[0.0468] = 1.33
At 25oC in aqueous solution: pH = 14.00 - pOH
pH = 14.00 - 1.33 = 12.67

Quick Question 1
What is the pH of the resultant solution when 0.0351 L of HCl(aq) containing 0.0126 moles of H+ is added to
0.0326 L of NaOH(aq) containing 0.000498 moles of OH -?

pH = Check

Example: Calculating a Titration Curve

In an experiment, 14.00 mL of 0.10 mol L-1 HCl(aq) is added 1.00 mL at a time

from a burette to a conical flask containing 10.00 mL 0.10 mol L-1 NaOH(aq)
solution at 25oC. ← HCl(aq)

Calculate the resulting pH of the solution in the conical (erlenmeyer) flask after
each 1.00 mL addition of HCl(aq) and draw the resulting titration curve.

Step 1: Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction

general word equation acid + base → salt + water ← NaOH(aq)

word equation for hydrochloric sodium sodium
+ → + water
reaction acid hydroxide chloride
balanced chemical
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
equation

Since HCl(aq) is a strong monoprotic acid it fully dissociates in water:

HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

SInce NaOH(aq) is a strong base it fully dissociates in water:

NaOH(aq) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

So:
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)

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pH Practice Worksheet (Snacking)
Name: ____________________________1Hour :__________________________

1) What is the pH of a solution that contains 25.0 grams of hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissolved in 1.50
solution?
2) What is the pH of a solution that contains 1.32 grams of nitric acid (HNO3) dissolved in 750. mL
solution?
3) What is the pH of a solution that contains 1.2 moles of nitric acid (HNO3) and 1.7 moles of hydrochloric
acid (HCl) dissolved in 1000. liters of solution?
4) If a solution has a [H+] concentration of 4.5 x 10-7 M, is this an acidic or basic solution? Explain.
5) An acidic solution has a pH of 4.00. If I dilute 10.0 mL of this solution to a final volume of 1000. mL,
what is the pH of the resulting solution?
For Problems 6 – 9 calculate the pH
6) A 4.50 x 10-3 M HBr solution.
7) A 3.67 x 10-5 M KOH solution.
8) A solution made by diluting 25 mL of 6.0 M HCl until the final volume of the solution is 1.75 L.
9) 5.00 L of an aqueous solution that contains 1.00 grams of HBr and 1.00 grams of HNO3.
10) What are the pOHs for the solutions in problems 6 through 9?
11) What is the pH of a 0.800 M aqueous solution of Ba(OH)2

pH Practice Worksheet (Snacking)

Name: ____________________________1 Hour :__________________________

1) What is the pH of a solution that contains 25.0 grams of hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissolved in 1.50
solution?
2) What is the pH of a solution that contains 1.32 grams of nitric acid (HNO3) dissolved in 750. mL
solution?
3) What is the pH of a solution that contains 1.2 moles of nitric acid (HNO3) and 1.7 moles of hydrochloric
acid (HCl) dissolved in 1000. liters of solution?
4) If a solution has a [H+] concentration of 4.5 x 10-7 M, is this an acidic or basic solution? Explain.
5) An acidic solution has a pH of 4.00. If I dilute 10.0 mL of this solution to a final volume of 1000. mL,
what is the pH of the resulting solution?
For Problems 6 – 9 calculate the pH
6) A 4.50 x 10-3 M HBr solution.
7) A 3.67 x 10-5 M KOH solution.
8) A solution made by diluting 25 mL of 6.0 M HCl until the final volume of the solution is 1.75 L.
9) 5.00 L of an aqueous solution that contains 1.00 grams of HBr and 1.00 grams of HNO3.
10) What are the pOHs for the solutions in problems 6 through 9?
11) What is the pH of a 0.800 M aqueous solution of Ba(OH)2

Solution (snacking)

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 DILUTIONS
1) LIMPOPO 2019

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2) NOV 2017

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