Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2 - Masonry Construction
2 - Masonry Construction
Masonry
Masonry is the material of earth, taken from the earth
and comfortably at home in foundations, paving, and walls
that grow directly from the earth. With modern
techniques of reinforcing, however, masonry can rise
many stories from the earth.
Masonry is durable. The designer can select masonry
materials that are scarcely affected by water, air, or fire,
ones with brilliant colors that will not fade, ones that will
stand up to heavy wear and make from them a building
that will last for generations.
Masonry Construction
Words and Concepts
3
Mortar
Pre-packaged
Color range
Testing /
Specifications
Curing
“Shelf” life
4
Bonds and Joints
8
Concave Joints
Raked Joints
BRICK MASONRY
MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS FROM CLAY
Bricks
Bricks are made by clay and it have greater fire resistance than
stone or concrete masonry - Its size enables easy handling and
placement in walls; it can be easily adapted to small-scale and large-
scale structures to give pleasing appearance and texture
SIZES, GRADES AND TYPES OF BRICKS
– Raked
Wood Mold
15
Basic Brickwork Terminology
Head
Joint
Bed
Joint
Rowlock -
laid on face,
end visible
Fire Resistance
Size
Durability
18
Brickwork Strength
Depends on:
– Strength of the masonry unit
– Strength of the mortar
19
Concrete Masonry Units (CMU)
Concrete blocks used in building construction
Bond Beam
Typical Shape
Combination
22
Method of picking up and setting concrete blocks
Showing procedure in laying concrete block walls
The usual practice in applying mortar to blocks
Method of laying concrete blocks.
Showing detail of joining an interior and exterior
wall in concrete block construction.
Block Masonry at Site
A building front laid out using only whole and half
block and lintel on top of openings.
Installation of Mortar Bead
Tooled Joints
30
Reinforced Brick Masonry
Reinforced Brick Masonry
A Reinforced Brick Load bearing Wall
A reinforced brick load bearing wall is built by installing steel reinforcing bars in a
thickened collar joint, then filling the joint with Portland cement grout. The cleanout
holes shown here are used in the high lift method of grouting.
Reinforcing & Anchorage
Joint
Reinforcing
– Ladder
– Truss
33
System Properties
Truss
34
STONE MASONRY
TYPES OF ROCKS USED IN STONE MASONRY
Stone Masonry:
Building stones obtained by quarrying from the rocky strata of earth
and reducing it to the required shapes and sizes for construction
Types of Rock
(a) Igneous Rock
Formed as a result of cooling of
the molten rock to solid state - It
is nonporous, hard, strong and
durable
Granite: Consists mainly of
quartz, feldspar, mica, and
other colored minerals; colors
include black, gray, red, pink,
brown, buff, and green. Polished Surface
•Sandstone: Sandstone
Sedimentary rock composed of sand
sized grains made of silica, iron oxide
and clay - Colors include gray, brown,
light brown, buff, russet, red, copper,
and purple.
•Shale
Derived from clays and silts; weak
along planes and is in thin laminations
and color varies from black to red,
yellow, and blue Limestone with Granite
•Limestone
Sedimentary rock composed of calcite
and dolomite, it Has high compressive
strength and used for building stones
and for paneling.
Limestone
Flat to Round
39
(C) Metamorphic Rock
Igneous or sedimentary rock
transformed by heat and pressure
into another rock. Marble
Marble
Slate Flooring
41
Types of Stone
Fieldstone
Rubble Stone
Dimension Stone
42
Types of Stone Masonry
Laid in Mortar
43
TYPES OF STONE MASONRY WALLS AND THEIR
CONSTRUCTION