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Tissues Shobhit Nirwan
Tissues Shobhit Nirwan
TISSUES
Best Handwritten Notes
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Shobhit Nirwan
We know that all living organisms are composed of cells.
Types of Cells
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Unicellular i
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Multicellular
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I single cell performs all theI
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there are millions of cells I
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functions. I
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specialised to carry on a I
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Eg- Amoeba I
specific task. I
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I Eg- Human Being
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#Kitaabi Definition: A group of cell that are similar in structure and as work I
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together to achieve a particular function forms a tissue
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I L.P. 1- What is tissue? I
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Ans- A group of cells that are similar in structure and/or work
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together to achieve a particular function forms a tissue.
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I L.P. 2- What is the utility of tissue in multi-cellular organisms.
I Ans- 1. They provide defined structure.
I 2. They provide mechanical strength.
Plant Tissues
Cells specialised to perform a specific functions in plants are plant
tissues.
Characteristics of plant tissues:
1. Growth in plants occurs only in certain specific regions, this is due
to dividing tissues located at the points.
2. These dividing tissues are also called meristematic tissues.
3. When the meristematic tissues takes up a specific role and lose the
ability to divide - they form a specific type of permanent tissues.
Plant Tissue
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Meristematic Tissues Permanent Tissues
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Meristematic Tissues
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Apical
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Lateral Intercalary 7
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Present at Found beneath
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Located at the
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Produces an
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Causes organ to I
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Brings about I
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increase in I increase in the I
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roots and stems. diameter and length of organ
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called primary I growth. I
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growth. I
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Permanent Tissues
The tissues that are completely grown and have lost the ability to
divide are known as permanent tissues.
This permanent shape, size and function is attained by the process
called differentiation.
Permanent Tissues
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Protective Tissues: The tissues which provide protection to the plants
from loss of water.
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There are two types of protective tissues:
(A) Epidermis:
1. The entire surface of plants has an outer covering called
epidermis covered with cuticle.
2. It is the outermost layer of cells and is usually made of single
layer of cells.
Function:
1. The main function is to protect the plant from desiccation and
infection.
2. It prevents loss of water.
*Epidermal cells of leaf bear small pores known as stomata- they I
are then enclosed by two kidney shaped cells called guard cells. I
Stomata are are necessary for exchange of gases with atmosphere.
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I (B) Cork (or phellem):
I 1. It is a protective tissue found in the outer bark of woody
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I 2. It is a dead, water-resistant, and durable tissue.
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I 3. It contains a waxy substance called Suberin that makes d the
Xylem Phloem
(Transport water) (Transport food)
- Both are conducting tissues.
- They are also called vascular tissues.
- Together both constitutes vascular bundle.
XYLEM:
1. It consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem
parenchyma and xylem fibres.
2. Tracheids and vessels have tubular structure
which allows them to transport water
vertically.
3. Xylem parenchyma stores food.
4. Xylem fibres are mainly supportive in nature.
PHLOEM:
1. Phloem is made up of five type of cells: sieve
cells, sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem
fibres and the phloem parenchyma.
2. Sieve tubes are tubular cells with perforated
walls.
3. Except phloem fibres, other phloem cells are
living cells.
4. Phloem transports food from leaves to other
parts of the plant.
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[ NCERT Intext Pg65 ]
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L.P. 2: Where is apical meristem found? I
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Ans- They are found at growing tips and roots. I
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! L.P. 3: What tissue makes up the husk of coconut? I
I Ans- Husk of coconut is made up of sclerenchyma tissues. I
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L.P. 4: What are the constituents of phloem?
Ans- Sieve cells, sieve tube, companion cells, phloem fibres and i
phloem parenchyma.
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Squamous
Cuboidal
Epithelial Tissues Columnar
Ciliated Stratified Squamous
Skeletal
Muscular Tissues Smooth
Cardiac
Loose
Aerolar Tendon
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Animal Tissue
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Dense
Adipose Ligament
Connective Tissues
Cartilage
Skeletal
Bone
Blood
Fluid
Lymph
Nervous Tissues
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Epithelial Tissue i
1. Covering or protective tissues in the animals are epithelial tissues.
2. It covers most organs and also forms a barrier to keep different
body system separate.
3. These are tightly packed and form a continuous sheet.
4. Almost no intercellular space.
5. It has single layer of cells and as a result anything entering or
leaving the body must cross atleast one layer of epithelium.
6. The permeability of cells of various epithelia plays an important
role in regulating the exchange of materials between the body and
external environment and also different parts of body.
7. All epithelium is separated from the underlying tissue by an extra
cellular fibrous basement membrane.
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Epithelial Tissue
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Cuboidal Epithelium:
Cells are cube-shaped and are placed on a
basement membrane.
Location: Lining of kidney tubules as well as in the
ducts of the salivary glands.
Function: It helps in absorption of useful material
from urine before is passed out.
Ciliated Columnar Epithelium:
In this, cell has hair like projection on the outer
surface of epithelial tissue which helps in
movement of particle.
Location: In respiratory tract, in fallopian tube.
Function: It helps in movement of particle. Eg: In
respiratory tract, the movement of cilia pushes the
mucous forward to clear it.
Columnar Epithelium:
These cells are tall and cylindrical like pillars.
Location: Inner lining of the stomach and intestines.
Function: It absorbs nutrients from digested food.
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Muscular Tissue
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The cells are long with pointed ends and
Uninucleate
Location: Found in iris of eye, uterus, digestive
Tract and other internal organs.
Function: Carry out involuntary movement
Eg: Movement of food in elementary canal
(C) Cardiac muscle
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Muscle cells are cylindrical, branched and
Uninucleate
Location: Found only in the walls of heart
Function: Rhythmic contraction and relaxation
of cardiac muscle help to pump and distributed
the blood to various parts of body.
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Connective Tissue
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Nervous Tissues i
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i 2. A single neuron consist of (a) Cell body; (b) Axon and (c) Dendrites I
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(b) Axon: It transmits impulse away from the cell body i
(c) Dendrites: It carry information from their tips towards axon.
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I L.P. 1- Name the tissue responsible for movement in our body.
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Ans- Muscular tissue and nervous tissue are responsible for
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L.P. 3: Give three features of cardiac muscles. I
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Ans- 1. Heart muscles are cylindrical, branched and uninucleated. I
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