Kcse 2023 Chemistry Replica.

KCSE 2023 REPLICA
CHEMISTRY
(KCSE PREDICTIONS 1-10)
Series of Exclusive Set of Expected Questions Predicted in the

Final KCSE 2023 Examinations Scheduled for November 2023.
A REPLICA OF QUESTIONS TO EXPECT IN FINAL KCSE 2023 EXAMS.
CONFIDENTIAL!
For Marking Schemes

Mr Isaboke 0746 222 000 /0742 999 000
SUCCESS TO ALL CANDIDATES

KCSE 2023 REPLICA EXAMS
PREDICTION TRIAL 1
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1) Write your NAME and INDEX NUMBER in the space provided above
2) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
3) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided
4) ALL working must be clearly shown where necessary.
5) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Question Maximum score Candidate’s score
1 −31 80
Total
80
KCSE Replica Marking Schemes - 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided

1. An element K has atomic number 20 while element M has atomic number 8.
a) Write the electronic configuration for K and M
K………………………………………………………………………………….. (1 mark)
M………………………………………………………………………………….. (1 mark)
b) Write the symbol of the most stable ion of K and M
K…………………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark)
M…………………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark)
2. Molten Lead (II) bromide is electrolyzed using carbon electrodes. Write the half equations of the
reactions that occur at the anode and the cathode.
a) Anode (1 mark)
b) Cathode (1 mark)
3. Explain why the conductivity of metals decreases with increase in temperature. (2marks)
4. Three metal oxides XO, YO, and ZO are heated with powdered metal Y. Hot powdered Y will
remove oxygen from XO but not from ZO. Arrange the metals in order of reactivity, starting with
the most reactive. (1mark)
5. Some sodium chloride was found to be contaminated with copper (II) oxide. Describe how a
sample of sodium chloride can be separated from the mixture. (2marks)
6. Hot platinum wire was lowered into a flask containing concentrated ammonia solution as shown
below.
Glass rod
Hot platinum wire
Concentrated Ammonia
Solution
State and explain the observations made. (3marks)
©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

7. The set up below represents the apparatus that may be used to separate a mixture of two miscible
liquids C and D whose boiling points are 800C and 1100C.
a) Name B (1mark)
b) What is the purpose of the thermometer (1mark)
c) Which liquid was collected in the test tube? 1mark
8. Draw a dot (.) and cross (x) diagram to show bonding in carbon (II) oxide. (2mrks)
9. Ammonium nitrate was gently heated and the products collected as shown in the diagram.
a) Identify:
i. Colourless liquid H (1mark)
ii. Gas G (1mark)
b) Describe one physical and one chemical test that can be used to identify gas G. (2mrks)
10. Air was passed through several reagents as shown in the flow chart below.
Escaping gases
Concentrated Excess heated Excess heated

KOH solution copper turnings magnesium powder
Air
a) What is the purpose of concentrated potassium hydroxide solution? (1mark)

b) Write an equation for the reaction which takes place in the chamber with magnesium powder.
(1 mark)
c) Name one gas which escapes from the chamber containing magnesium powder. (2mrks)
Give a reason for your answer
11. Name the following substances.
a) CH2 CH CH2 CH3 (1mark)
b) CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3 (1mark)
12. The diagram below shows the acidic and basic oxides fit into the general family of oxides.
Acidic Basic
Oxide Oxide
a) State the name given to the type of oxide that would be placed in the shaded area.(1mark)
b) Give the name of any oxide that would be placed in the shaded area. (1mark)

13. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow. The letters do not
represent the actual symbols of the elements.
Substance Solubility in water Electrical conductivity
Solid Molten
A Insoluble Good Good
B Soluble Poor Good
C Insoluble Poor Poor
i) Which of the substances is highly likely to be sodium chloride? Explain (2marks)
ii) What type of bond exists in substance A? (1mark)
iii) State a possible structure in substance C? (1mark)
14. Laboratory results showed the composition of a compound to be 58.81% barium, 13.72%, sulphur
and 27.47% Oxygen. Calculate the empirical formula of the compound. Ba=137, S = 32, O = 16.
(2marks)
15. The diagram below shows a wooden splint that was placed horizontally across the middle part of
a non-luminous flame.
Unburnt part
Charred black
a) Explain the observation made (2marks)

b) Explain why non-luminous flame is preferred for heating than the luminous flame. (2marks)
16. 200cm3 of oxygen gas took 60 seconds to diffuse through a porous plug. Determine the time taken
by 300cm3 of sulphur (IV) oxide to diffuse through the same plug under the same conditions.
(O=16, S = 32) (3marks)
17. Explain why?
i) Both methane and diamond are covalently bonded. Methane is a gas but diamond is a solid with
very high melting point. (2marks)
ii) Ammonia is dissolved in water using an inverted funnel. 1mark
18. Explain giving reasons why?

a) Sulphuric acid is not used with marble in the preparation of carbon (IV) oxide (2marks)
b) Water cannot be used to distinguish oil fire. (1mark)
19. A gas occupies 4dm3 at -230C and 152 mmHg. At what pressure will its volume be halved, if the
temperature then is 2270C.? (2marks)
20. a) Sodium, Magnesium and Aluminium are elements in the periodic table. Explain why aluminium
has a higher melting and boiling point than sodium and magnesium. (2marks)
b) The ionization energy of an atom is strongly influenced by three atomic parameters. State two of
these parameters. (2marks)
21. 15cm3 of a solution containing 2.88g/dm3 of an alkali XOH completely reacts with 20cm3 of
0.045M sulphuric acid. Calculate the molarity and relative atomic mass of X present in the alkali.
(3marks)
22. Describe how a solid sample of calcium sulphate can be prepared using the following reagents;
dilute nitric (v)acid, dilute sulphuric (vi) acid and solid calcium carbonate (4marks)
23. Crude oil is the main source of organic compounds such as hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons in the
crude oil have to be separated.
a) Name two important hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil. (2marks)
b) Give the uses of the two hydrocarbons named in (a) above. (2marks)
24. A hydrocarbon Q was found to decolourise potassium manganate (vii) solution. When two moles
of Q were burnt completely six moles of carbon (iv) oxide and six moles of water were formed.
a) Write the structural formula of Q. (1mark)
b) Name the homologous series to which Q belongs (1mark)
25. Dilute sulphuric acid was added to a compound X, of magnesium. The solid reacted with the acid
to form a colourless solution, Y and a colourless gas Z which formed a white precipitate when
bubbled through lime water.
Name:-
(i) Compound X (1mark)
(ii) Solution Y (1mark)
(iii) Colourless gas Z (1mark)

26. When dry hydrogen gas passed over heated Lead (II) oxide in combustion tube, a grey solid was
formed.
a) Identify the grey solid. (1mark)

b) Write the equation of the reaction taking place in the combustion tube. (1mark)
c) Write the equation involving the blue flame. (2marks)
27. What do (CFC’S) mean? (1mark)
28.
a) What is meant by the term allotropy? (1mark)
b) Explain in terms of structure and bonding why graphite is soft with greasy feeling.(2marks)

PREDICTION TRIAL 1
233/2
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
1) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
2) Sign and write the date of exam in the spaces provided above.
3) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
5) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.

Questions Maximum score Candidates score
1-7
Total score 80

1. The grid below shows part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
The letters do not represent the true symbols of the elements.
A
I B C D E
F G H
a) Which element forms an ion of charge - 2? Explain your answer 2marks

b) What is the nature of the oxide formed by element C? 1mark
c) How does the reactivity of H compare with that of E? Explain. 2marks
d) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between B and chlorine? 1mark
e) Explain how the atomic radii of the following compare; 2marks
i) F and G
ii) B and G
f) The oxides of B and D are separately dissolved in water. State the effect of each product on litmus
paper. 2marks
g) 20cm3 of a solution of a hydroxide of I completely neutralizes 17.5cm3 of 0.5M sulphuric (VI)
acid. Calculate the concentration in moles/litre of solution of the hydroxide of I (3marks)
2. The diagram below shows an experiment set-up to investigate a property of carbon (II) oxide.
Study it and answer the questions that follow.
a) Name one condition that is missing in the set up that must be present if the experiment to proceed.
1mark
b) If the experiment was carried out properly. What observation would be made in the combustion
tube? 1mark
c) Give an equation for the reaction that occurs in the combustion tube. 1 ½ mark
d) Give an equation for the reaction that takes place as gas x burns. 1 ½ marks
e) Why is it necessary to burn gas x? 1mk
f) Name the reducing and oxidizing agent. 2marks
(i) Reducing agent
(ii) Oxidising agent
g) Identify any other substance that would have the same effect on copper (II) oxide as carbon (II)
oxide. 1mark
h) What would happen if copper (II) oxide was replaced with sodium oxide? Explain 2mark
3. a) Sulphur occurs naturally in two different forms called allotropes;
(i) What are allotropes? 1mark
(ii) The two allotropes of sulphur are stable at different temperatures, as shown in the equation below.
Above 95.50C
Rhombic sulphur Monoclinic sulphur
Below 95.50C
Give a name to the temperature 95.50C 1mark
b) Below is a flow chart diagram for the contact process for the manufacture of sulphuric (VI) acid.

(i) Give the name of chambers labelled 1 ½ mark
X
Y
Z
(ii) State the three conditions in the converter. 1 ½ mark
(iii) Explain why gases are passed through ; 2marks
I – The dust precipitator and drying power
II- The chamber labelled Y
(iv) Write the balanced equations for the reactions in; 3marks
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
c) Calculate the volume of sulphur (VI) oxide gas in litres that would be required to produce 178kg
of Oleum in step 3. (Molar gas volume at s.t.p.=22.4l, H=1, O=16, S=32) 3marks
4. a) The scheme below shows various reactions starting with ammonia. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.
Ammonia
(i) O2(g) + catalyst STEP I

Compound (ii) Water
J
Nitric (v) acid STEP II Aqueous sodium
nitrate
Cu(S) S (S) STEP III
CuO Solution Brown fumes

K
Step IV
H2(g)
Brown Solid L
(i) List the raw materials used in the manufacturer of ammonia gas. 1mark
(ii) What catalyst is used in step I? 1mark
(iii) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs between ammonia and oxygen gas in the
presence of a catalyst. 1mark
(iv) Identify the process is step II? 1mark
(v) Using an appropriate equation, explain how the reaction in step III occurs (1 mark)
(vi) What should be added to solution K to form solid L? (1 mark)
(b) I. Write the formula of compound J.
II. Calculate the mass of compound J that would contain 14g of nitrogen. (N=14, O=16, H= 1)
(2marks)
b) Explain the advantage of using ammonium phosphate fertilizer over the other nitrogenous
fertilizers. (1mark)
5. Dry chlorine was collected using the set up below.
a) Name a suitable drying agent for chlorine gas? 1mark

b) State one property of chlorine gas which facilitates this method of collection. 1mark
c) State the observations on the moist blue litmus paper. 2marks
d) Chlorine gas was bubbled through distilled water. With aid of an equation show the formation of
chlorine water. 1mark
e) Write the formula of the compounds formed when chlorine gas reacts with warm dry
phosphorous. 2marks

f) Chlorine gas is mixed with moist hydrogen sulphide gas, state and explain the observations
2marks
g) Give one use of chlorine gas. 1mark
6. Fractional distillation of air is used in the industrial manufacture of oxygen. The diagram below
shows the process.
Dust particles Liquid S
Air
A B M
Substance T
Dry air
Sodium Compressor
Carbonate
solution
D
X
Nitrogen boiling
point- 1960C
Fractional
distillation
Argon boiling
point -1860C
R
Oxygen boiling
point - 1960C
a) What processes are taking place in chamber A,B,M and D 2marks

b) Name;
(i) Liquid S…………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Substance T………………………………………………………………………………
c) Explain why part Y in chamber D is curved? 1mark
d) Give two industrial uses of oxygen gas? 2marks
e) In the laboratory preparation of oxygen, manganese (iv) oxide and hydrogen peroxide are used.
Write an equation to show how oxygen gas is formed. 1mark
f) An investigation was carried out using the set-up below. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.
(i) State and explain what will happen in the three test-tubes R, S and T after seven days. 3marks
(ii) Give one reason why some metals are electroplated. 1mark
7. Below is a scheme of some reactions of propanol. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
Polymerisation HBr
Q Y Z
Step II Conc. H2SO4

Step I
0
160 C
Propanol
CH3CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2OH
Step III
CH3CH2CH2CL

(a) State the reagents and conditions required to effect step I 3marks
(b) Draw the structural formulae and name product Z. 1mark
(c) Name product Q 1mark
(d) Explain how product Y can be distinguished from the product formed after step I has taken place.
2marks
(e) What name is given to the process in Step II and step III 2marks
Step II
Step III
(f) (i) Define the term hydrocarbon 1mark
(ii) Draw the structure of 1, 2 – dibromopropane 1mark

PREDICTION TRIAL 2
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
INSTRUCTIONS
a) Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided
b) Show your working clearly.
c) Electronic calculators and Mathematical tables may be used.
d) All answers must be written in English language
QUESTIONS TOTAL STUDENT’S

SCORE SCORE
1 –25 80

Answer ALL the questions
1. Below is a table showing the solubility of salts Q and R at different temperatures.
Temperature oC 0 10 20 30 40 50
Solubility in grams per 100g of Salt Q 3.0 5.0 7.4 10.0 14.0 19.0
water Salt R 15.0 17.0 20.7 25.7 28.7 33.0
(a) Define the term “Solubility of salt” (1mk)

(b) If both salts Q and R are present in 100cm3 of saturated solution at 50oC, what will be the total
mass of crystals formed if the solution was cooled to 20oC? (2mks)
(c) Name two areas where knowledge of solubility curves is applied (2mks)
2. Two samples of hard water C and D were boiled. When tested with drops of soap, sample D
formed lather easily while C did not:-
(a) Name the possible salt that caused hardness in sample D (1mk)
(b) Explain how distillation can remove hardness in sample C (1mk)
(c) Give two advantages of hard water (1mk)
3. You are provided with a mixture of Lead (II) Chloride, ammonium chloride and sodium chloride.
Explain how you would separate all the three solids (3mks)
4. Sodium Carbonate Decahydrate crystals were left exposed on a watch glass for two days.
a) State the observations made on the crystals after two days. (1mk)
b) Name the property of salts investigated in the above experiment (1mk)
5. When water reacts with potassium metal the hydrogen produced ignites explosively on the
surface of water.
(i) What causes this ignition? (1mk)
(ii) Write an equation to show how this ignition occurs (1mk)
6. How does the pH value of 0.25M KOH (aq) compare with that of 0.25M ammonia solution?
Explain (2mks)
7. i. State Gay Lussac’s law. (1mk)
ii. 10cm3 of methane (CH4) gas is exploded with 150cm3 of air containing 20% oxygen and 80%
nitrogen. The products were allowed to cool to room temperature. What will be the total volume
of the gases at the end of the reaction (3mks)
8. The formulae below represents active ingredients of two cleansing agents A and B
(a) Name the class to which each of the cleansing agent belongs (2mks)
(b) Which one of the cleaning agent above is not environmental friendly? Explain (2mk)
(c) Which one of the cleansing agent would be suitable to be used in water containing magnesium
hydrogen carbonate? Explain (2mks)
(d) During Saponification process, a small amount of Sodium Chloride is added Give a reason
(1mk)
9. (a) Write an equation showing how ammonium nitrate may be prepared starting with ammonia
gas (1mk)
(b) Calculate the maximum mass of ammonium nitrate that can be prepared using 5.3kg of
ammonia (H=1, N=14, O=16) (2mks)
10. Plastics and rubber are extensively used to cover electrical wires.
(a) What Name is used to describe plastic and rubbers used in this way? (1mk)
(b) Explain why plastics and rubbers are used for this purpose (1mk)
11. G grams of a radioactive isotope take 120days to decay to 3.5grams. The half-life period of the
isotope is 20days
(a) Find the initial mass of the isotope (2mks)
(b) Give two applications of radioactivity in medicine (2mks)
(c) Uranium -238 disintegrates by emitting an alpha particle to form substance Y.
Nuclide Y emits a beta particle to form substance Z. Write down nuclear equations to show how
substance Y and Z are formed (U=92) (2mks)

12. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow:
Copper Pyrites
Gas Q Gas Q
Step (I) Froth floatation,

Air
Step (II) Air Cu2S
CuFeS2 Cu2S(s) Cu2O Cu(s)
Step (III) Step (IV)
Step (V)
FeO Pure
Copper
(a) Name gas Q (1mk)
(b) With the help of diagram, describe how step (V) is carried out (3mks)
(c) During purification of copper by electrolysis, 1.48g of copper were deposited when a
Current was passed through aqueous copper (II) sulphate for 2 ½ hours. Calculate the amount of
current passed (Cu = 63.5 1Faraday = 96500C) (3mks)
(d) What is meant by the term Froth Floatation (2mks)
(e) Name two impurities present in the ore of copper (1mk)
13. State two properties of Duralumin that make it suitable for use in making aircraft parts?(1mk)
14. The flow chart below shows a sequence of chemical reactions starting with Zinc. Study it and
answer the questions that follow:-
Step 2 Step 3
Zn(s) Step 1 Zn2+(aq) Zn(OH)2(s) ZnO(s)
Dilute
hydrochloric acid
Step 4 H2SO4(aq)
Step 5
Zn(s)
Zn2+(aq)
a) In step 1, excess 3M hydrochloric acid was added to 0.5g of Zinc powder

i) State one observation which were made when the reaction was in progress ( ½ mks)
ii) Explain why hydrogen gas is not liberated when dilute nitric acid is used in step 1 (1mk)
iii) a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that took place in step 1 (1mk)
b) Calculate the volume of 3M hydrochloric acid that was needed to react completely with0.5g of
Zinc powder (Zn = 65.0) (2mks)
15. Briefly describe how a pure sample of lead ii iodide can be prepared in the lab given Distilled
water, solid lead ii nitrate and solid Potassium iodide (3mks)
16. Use equations only to explain how slag is formed in the Blast furnace during the extraction of
iron (2mk)
17. Using dots and crosses to represent electrons draw the structure Phosphorous chloride (PCl3)
(1mk)
19. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow:
(The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements)
Element Electronic configuration Ionization energy KJmol-1

P 2:1 519
Q 2:8:1 494
R 2:8:8:1 418
i. What is meant by ionization energy? (1mk)

ii. Element R has the lowest ionization energy. Explain. (1mk)
iii. When a piece of element Q is placed on water it melts and a hissing sound is produced as it
moves on the water surface. Explain these observations. (1 1/2mks)
iv. Write the equation for the reaction between element Q and water. (1mk)
20. Chlorine has a higher boiling point than Argon. Give a reason (1mk)
21.i) State Graham’s Law of diffusion (1mk)
ii) Gas B takes 110 seconds to diffuse through a porous pot, how long will it take for the
Same amount of ammonia to diffuse under the same conditions of temperature and pressure?
(RMM of B = 34 RMM of ammonia = 17) (2mks)

22. The setup below was used to carry out the electrolysis of Magnesium sulphate solution using
Inert electrodes
i. Name a suitable pair of electrode that can be used in the above process. (½ mk)
ii. State and explain the changes on the concentration of magnesium sulphate solution as the process
proceeds. (1mk)
iii. Label on the diagram the Cathode and anode (1mk)
23.i. Bond energies for some bonds are tabulated below:-
BOND BOND ENERGY KJ/mol
H–H 436
C=C 610
C- H 410
C-C 345
Use the bond energies to estimate the enthalpy for the reaction
C2H4(g) + H2(g) C2H6(g) (2mks)
ii. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow:
NH4+(g) +Cl-(g)
∆H2
∆H1
Energy
NH4+(g) +Cl-(g)
∆H3
NH4Cl(s)
Reaction Co-ordinate
a) What do ∆H1 and ∆H2 represent? (1mk)

∆H1
∆H2
c) Write an expression to show the relationship between ∆H1, ∆H2 and ∆H3. (1mk)
24. (a)Name one substance that is added to Aluminium oxide during electrolysis in the manufacture
of Aluminium metal (½ mk)
(b ) Give a reason why the substance named above is added (1mk)
25.a) State Le Chatelier’sPrinciple (1mk)
b) An equilibrium exists in the Haber process as shown in the equation below
N2(g) + 3H2(g)2NH3(g) ΔH = -92kJ
State and explain the effect of the following factors on the yield of Ammonia
(i) Increase in Pressure (1 ½mks)
(ii) Increase in Temperature (1 ½ mks)

PREDICTION TRIAL 2
233/2
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
1. Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above.
2. Sign and write the date of the examination in space provided.
3. Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
4. All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
5. Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.

QUESTION CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
TOTAL SCORE
QUESTION 1
(a) The grid below represents part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that
follow: The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.
A
B
C D E
F
(i) What name is given to the group of elements to which C and F belong? (1mk)
(ii) Explain the difference in reactivity between element C and D (2mks)
(iii) Using( .) and cross (x) illustrate the bond between B and E (2mks)
(iv) Write a balanced chemical equation for a reaction between element D and oxygen gas
(1mk)
(v) On the grid indicate a tick(√) the position of element G which is in the third period of the
periodic table and forms G3- ions (1mk)
(b) Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow: (The letters do not
represent the actual symbols of the substance)
Substance Melting point 0C Boiling points 0C Solubility in water Density at room temp in
g/cm3
H -117 78.5 Very Soluble 0.8
J -78 -33 Very Soluble 0.77x10-3
K -23 77 Insoluble 1.6
L -219 -183 Slightly Insoluble 1.33x10-3
(i) Which substance would dissolve in water and could be separated from the solution by fractional
distillation in the school laboratory (1mk)
(ii) Which substance is a liquid at room temperature and when mixed with water two layers would be
formed. (1mk)

(iii) Which letter represents substance that is a gas at room temperature and which can be
collected (density of air is 1.225x10-3 g/cm3)
(i) Over water (1mk)
(ii) By downward displacement of air (1mk)
QUESTION 2
(a) Propane can be changed into methane as shown below:
2CH3CH2 CH3 (g) high temperature CH4 (g) + C2 H4 (g) + CH3CHCH2 (g) +H2 (g)
(i) Name the process undergone by propane (1mk)
(ii) Write the equation of reaction between ethene and chlorine gas and name the product. (2mks)
(b) The diagram below shows an incomplete set-up of the laboratory preparation and collection of
Ethene gas:
Conc H2SO4
Thermometer Ethene gas
Substance Y
Substance x
WOODEN
BOX
HEAT
(i) Complete the diagram to show how Ethene gas is collected. (2mks)
(ii) Name substances X and Y (2mks)
(iii) Apart from being colourless and odourless, state another physical property of ethene.(1mk)
(c). the table below gives information about the major components of crude oil. Study it and answer
the questions that follow.
Components Boiling points0C
Gases Below 40
Petrol 40-175
Kerosene 175-250
Diesel oil 250-350
Lubricating oil 350-400
Bitumen Above 400
(i) Which of the compounds of crude oil has molecules with the highest number of atoms? Explain.
(2mks)
(ii) Explain the condition that could cause a poisonous gas to be formed when kerosene is burnt?
(2mks)
QUESTION 3
(a) Air is a mixture of gases that can be classified as active and inactive part. The diagram below
represents an experiment that can be carried out to determine the active part of air.
(a) Describe how this set-up can be used to determine the active part of air (4mks)
(b) When magnesium ribbon is heated in air the mass of the product is more than the mass of
magnesium ribbon used. Explain (1mks)
(c) Carbon (IV) oxide and sulphur (IV) oxide are some of the gases that are common pollutant in the
atmosphere. Explain two measures that are taken to reduce atmospheric pollution of the two
gases. (2mks

(d) Oxygen is obtained on large scale by the fractional distillation of air as shown on the flow chart.
air Filtration and

Compress Expansion
purification
engine
Liquid air
-1960C -1860C -1830C
Fractional
distillation
(i) Explain how carbon (IV) oxide and water are removed before liquification of air. (2mks)
(ii) Identify the component that is collected at -1860C (1mk)
(iii) State one commercial use of oxygen gas apart from its use in hospital by patient with
difficult breathing (1mk)
QUESTION 4
(a) Rhombic and Monoclinic are allotropes of sulphur. They are interconvertible as shown below:
960c
Rhombic Monoclinic
(i) What does the temperature 960C represent (1mk)
(ii) State the differences in crystalline appearances between rhombic and monoclinic crystals. (1mk)
(b) The chart below shows some process involved in large scale production of sulphuric (VI) acid.
Use it to answer the question that follows: substance A
sulphur (iv) oxide
Oxygen Reaction SO2 Absorption oleum
chamber chamber oleum
Water
(2)(i) Name substance A (1mk)
(ii).Write an equation that takes place in the absorption chamber (1mk)
(iii) Vanadium (V) oxide is commonly used as an catalyst in the contact process:
(I) Name another catalyst that can be used in this process. (1mk)
(II) Give two reasons why vanadium V oxide is the commonly used catalyst. (2mks)
(III) State and explain the Observation made when concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid is added to
crystals of copper (II) sulphate in a beaker. (2mks)
(v). If 100kg of sulphur( IV) oxide is used in one day by this plant, determine the mass of oleum
produced in one day. (S=32. O=16 H=1) (3mks)
QUESTION 5
(a) Draw a well labeled diagram of set-up that can be used to prepare dry hydrogen gas in the
laboratory. (3mks)
(b) The experiment below was carried out to investigate the reaction between steam and
magnesium. Use it to answer the questions that follow:
(i) Explain why wet sand is heated. (1mk)

(ii) State and explain what was observed in the combustion tube. (2mks)
(iii) Name the gas Y and state how it is tested in the laboratory. (1mk)
(c) Distinguish between:
Drying and dehydration. (2mks)
(d). A student found two liquids labelled A and B placed on the bench in the laboratory. The liquids
were colourless and did not have a smell. One liquid was water.
Describe a test that you would carry out to determine the beaker that contained water. (3mks)

QUESTION 6
(a) Give the name of the process involved in each of the following:
(i) Crystals of hydrated sodium carbonate(Na2CO3.10H2O) when left in open air change to white
powder. (1 mk)
(ii When anhydrous calcium chloride is used to dry hydrogen gas for a long time, it changes to a
solution. (1mk)
(b) Complete the table below by indicating the observations, type of change (permanent or
temporary) and name of new compound formed. (6 mks)
Experiment Observations Type of change Name of product
(i)Heating solid zinc

oxide in a test tube.
(ii)Anhydrous cobalt (II)
chloride is left
exposed overnight.
(iii)Iron wool is soaked
in tap water for two
days
(c)The diagram below shows a sample of hard water being passed through a vertical column to
remove its hardness. Hard water containing MgCl2
Na + Na +
Na + Na +
Ion exchanger
Na +
Na +
Na + Na +
Soft water out

(i) Write the formula of the two cations present in the sample of hard water. (2mks)
(ii) What name is given to the above method of softening hard water. (1 mk)
(iii) Write an ionic equation to show how the hard water is softened. (1 mk)
(iv) Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.
Salt Solubility (g/100g of water) at Solubility (g/100g of water) at
200 C 500 C
P 10 20
Q 15 12
A solution 9g of P and 14g of Q in 100g of water at 20 0 C is warmed while stirring up to 5o0C.

State and explain the observations made. (2 mks)
QUESTION 7
(a) A student set out to prepare iron (III) chloride using the apparatus shown in the diagram below:
(i) Explain why

(a) It’s necessary to pass chlorine gas through the apparatus before heating begins. (2mks)
(b) Calcium oxide is used in the guard tube. (1mk)
(c) The total mass of Iron III chloride formed was found to be 0.5g. Calculate the volume of chlorine
gas that reacted with Iron.
(Fe=56.0 Cl=35.5 and molar gas volume at 298k is 24,000cm3) (3mks)
(d) What property of Iron (III) chloride makes it possible to be collected as shown in the diagram?
(1mk)
(e) In the large scale production of hydrogen chloride gas, hydrogen gas burned in chlorine gas.
State the source of the two gases. (1mk)

PREDICTION TRIAL 3
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
a) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
b) Mathematical table and electronic calculators may be used
c) All workings must be clearly shown where necessary
d) Answer all questions in English.
QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1-30 80
Answer all the questions

1. The products formed by the action of heat on carbonates A,B, and C are shown below.
Carbonates Products Formed
A Metal Oxide + Carbon (iv) Oxide
B Metal, Oxygen and Carbon (IV) Oxide
C No Product
a) Arrange the metals in order of reactivity starting with the most reactive. (2 mks)
b) Which of the carbonate is soluble in water? (1 mk)
2. Samples of urine from three participants E, F and G at a national police recruitment exercise
were spotted onto a chromatography paper alongside two illegal drugs D1 and D2. A
chromatogram was run using ethanol. The diagram below shows the chromatogram.
Solvent Front
Baseline
D1 D2 E F G
a) Identify the participant who had used an illegal drug. (1 mk)

b) Which drug is less soluble in ethanol? (1 mk)
3. Describe a simple laboratory experiment that can be used to distinguish between Sodium sulphite
and Sodium Sulphate. (3 mks)
4. Explain why burning Magnesium ribbon continues to burn in a gas jar full of sulphur
(iv) Oxide while a burning wooden splint would be extinguished. (3 mks)

5. Study the arrangement below and answer the questions that follow
State and explain what will be observed after sometime. (2 mks)
6. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
Ca (OH)2
CaC2 + X
Step 1
Gas Y 1 mole HCl Z
Step 2
H H 1 mole H2
| | Step 3
C — C
| 2000C, High pressure C2H4 H2 1500C CH3CH3
H H 2 Step 5 Step 4
(i) Identify reagent X. (1 mk)

(ii) Draw the structural formula of gas Y. (1 mk)
(iii) What name is given to the process that takes place in step 5? (1 mk)
7. Describe a laboratory experiment that can be used to obtain aluminum chloride from a mixture of
sodium chloride and aluminum chloride. (2 mks)
8. The graph below shows the solubility curves for salts J and K.
Which of the two salts is more soluble in water? Explain (2 mks)

9. The electronic configuration of the ions of L2+ and M- are 2.8 and 2.9 respectively.
a) Write the electronic configuration of atoms of element L and M. (1 mk)
b) Write the formula of the Oxide of L (1 mk)
c) Compare the atomic radius of the element M and the ionic radius of ion M- (1 mk)
10. Iron roofing sheets are coated with zinc as “Sacrificial” metal.
a) Give the name of the process by which iron sheets are coated with zinc. (1 mk)
b) Give a reason why copper is not used as “ sacrificial” metal in the process you have named in
(a) above. (2 mks)
11. The empirical formula of a hydrocarbon is C2 H3. It has a molecular mass of 54.
a) Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon. ( C= 12, H= 1) (1 mk)
b) Draw the structural formula and name the hydrocarbon. (2 mks)
12. Write chemical equations to show the difference between the bleaching action by chlorine and
bleaching action by sulphur (IV) Oxide gases. (2 mks)
13. Elements Q and R have atomic numbers 12 and 17 respectively.
a)i) Which element is a metal. (1 mk)
ii) Which dot(.) and (x)cross to represent electrons, show the bonding between Q and R in the
compound of the elements. (2 mks)

14. Study the set- up below and answer the questions that follow:-
a) What is the role of hydrated copper (II) Sulphate in the set- up. (1 mk)
b) Identify Gas S? (1 mk)
c) Write a chemical equation for the reaction taking place in the combustion tube. (1 mk)
15. Calculate the number of aluminum ions in 250 cm3 of 0.1 M aluminum sulphate.
(Avogadro’s Constant = 6.0 x1023) (3 mks)
16. The table below shows solutions and their PH values.
Solution PH Value
T 1.5
U 7.0
V 14.0
a) Select any pair that would react to form a solution of PH 7. (1 mk)
b) Identify two solutions that would react with Alluminium hydroxide.Explain your answer.(2 mk
17. Name two allotropes of carbon. (2 mks)
18. 20 cm3 of gas W takes 12.6 seconds to pass through a orifice. 10cm3 of Oxygen gas takes 11.2
seconds to diffuse through the same orifice under same conditions of temperature and pressure
calculate the molecular mass of gas W. (2 mks)
19.The diagram below shows an incomplete set- up of the laboratory preparation of dry carbon (IV)
Oxide. Complete the diagram. (3 mks)
20. State three uses of Argon (3 mks)

21.The table below shows the results obtained when halogens are bubbled into a test tube containing
solutions of halides labeled A, B and C. A tick ( ) means reaction takes place and (x) no
reaction occurs. Halide ion in solution
Halogen A B C
12 X X X
Br 2 X  X
Cl2 X  
a) Identify the halide ions represented by letters A,B,and C (1 ½ mks)

b)State the colour change for the reaction between chlorine and iodide ions and write an ionic
equation for the reaction. (1 ½mks)
22. In one of the dry practicals assignment to analyze cation a salt, the following observations were
made:
Test Observation Inference
(i) NaOH dropwise till in excess White ppt formed soluble in
excess
(ii) NH3 solution dropwise till in Presence of Zn2+ ions
excess. confirmed.
(a) Fill in the blanks in the table above. (2 mks)
(b) Give an ionic equation for the reaction that occurs in test (ii) when excess NH3 solution is added.
(1 mk)
23.Describe how you would prepare a pure sample of lead (II) carbonate starting with lead (II )
oxide. (3 mks)
24.Explain how sodium hydrogen carbonate and ammonium chloride are separated in solvey
process. (2 mks)
25.a) What is fuel? (1 mk)
b) Firewood is the main source of fuel in most Kenyan homes. State two effects of
wood products of burning fuel on environment. (1 mk)

26.Calculate the mass of Calcium Oxide that can be obtained from 30g of calcium carbonate if
completely decomposed by strong heating. (3 mks)
(Ca =40 , C=12, O=16)
27. State the two ions that causes hardness in water. (1 mk)
28. Below is a table giving solubility a substance A and B at 20 0 C and 500C
Substance Solubility 100g of water
200C 40C
A 40 65
B 15 17
When aqueous mixture containing 55g of A and 12g of B at 80 0C was cooled to 200C crystals were
formed
a) Identify the crystal formed (1 mk)
b) Determine the mass of the crystals formed (1 mk)
c) Name the method use dot obtain the crystals (1 mk)
29. The diagram below shows sodium metal being dropped in water. Study it and answer the
questions that follow;
i) State and explain two observations made during the reaction. (2 mks)
ii) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place during the experiment. (1 mk)
30. i) In an experiment to determine solubility of solid P in water at 25 0C, the following results
were obtained.
Mass of empty evaporating dish – 24.2g
Mass of evaporating dish + saturated solution = 40.4g
Mass of evaporating dish + dry solid P = 28.4g
Using the information above calculate the solubility of solid Pat 25 0C in g/100g of water. (2 mks)
ii) State one precaution observed when carrying out the experiment in (i) above (1 mk)

PREDICTION TRIAL 3
233/2
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
a) Write your name , Adm No and Class in spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided below each question. .
d) KNEC Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
e) All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

1 08
2 12
3 12
4 12
5 10
6 13
7 13
Total score 80

1. (a) The table below shows the atomic numbers of elements in the periodic table
represented by the letters A to I. The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Element A B C D E F G H I
Atomic number 3 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 16
(I) Select two elements in the same group. (1 mk)
(II) Select the non-metal and the metal that would react most vigorously with each other. (1 mk)
(b)(i) Draw cross (X) and dots(●) diagram to show bonding in the compound formed
between hydrogen and element B (1 mk)
(ii) The compound formed in b(i) above does not conduct electric current in gaseous form but
conducts in aqueous form. Explain. (2 mks)
(c) Explain the difference between the melting points of the oxides of H and I (2 mks)
(d) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place between elements G and C. (1 mk)
2. (a) When few drops of ammonia solution was added to hydroxides of zinc, copper and
Iron(III), the following solution were obtained; colourless solution, deep blue
solution and brown precipitate. Identify the substances responsible for;
(i) Deep blue solution (1 mk)
(ii) Colourless solution (1 mk)
(iii) Brown precipitate (1 mk)
(b)A saturated solution of potassium chloride is to be prepared at 40 oC. Its solubility at 40oC is
34g/100g water and 27g/100g of water at 5oC .
(i) What mass of water would be saturated with 8.5g of potassium chloride at 40 oC? (1mk)
(ii) What mass of potassium chloride would crystallize out if the saturated solution at
40oC is cooled to 5oC? (1 mk)
(c)Given two samples of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate. Describe a
chemical test that would distinguish them. (2 mks)
(d) Two equal pieces of magnesium ribbon were placed in two separate test tubes, one containing
10cm3 of water and the other containing 10cm3 of methylbenzene. State and explain the
observations made in the two test tubes. (2 mks)
(e) In an experiment, soap solution was added to three separate samples of water. The table
below shows the volumes of soap solution required to form lather with 2 litres of each
sample of water before and after boiling.
Sample Sample A Sample B Sample C
Volume of soap before water is boiled (cm3) 30 3 13
Volume of soap after water is boiled (cm3) 30 3 3
(i) Which sample is likely to be soft water? Explain. (2 mks)

(ii) Explain the change in volume of soap used in Sample C. (1 mk)
3. (a) 12.0cm3 of 0.05M hydrochloric acid reacted completely with calcium hydrogen
carbonate solution.
(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. (1 mk)
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used. (1 mk)
(iii) Determine the number of moles of calcium hydrogen carbonate used. (1 mk)
(b) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
Sulphur
Step I
Step 2 Step 3
Sulphur (IV) oxide Sulphur (VI) oxide Concentrated
sulphuric (VI) acid
Gas K
Zinc metal
Sulphur Step 4 Solution L + Gas

Rhombic sulphur
M + Liquid N
I) Name
(i) Gas K. (1 mk)
(ii) Gas M (1 mk)
II) Steps 1, 2 and 3 constitute the contact process. State optimum conditions necessary for step 2 to
occur. (1 mk)

III) Explain what happens in step 4. (2 mks)
IV) Explain why water is not used in step 3 . (1 mk)
V) Write an equation to show how pollution effects of sulphur (IV) oxide is controlled in contact
process. (1 mk)
VI) State two uses of sulphur. (2 mks)
4. (a) Use the bond energies below to answer the questions that follow.
Bond Bond energy ( KJ/Mol)
H-H 436
C= C 612
C- C 347
C- H 413
Determine the enthalpy for the following reaction

C4H8(g) + H2(g) C4 H10(g) (3 mks)
(b) Molar enthalpy of combustion of propanol is -1560Kjmol-1.

(i) Write a thermochemical equation for the complete combustion of propanol. (1 mk)
(ii) Calculate the amount of energy in joules released when 10g of propanol is burnt in excess
oxygen. (C=12, H = 1.0,O=16.0) (2 mks)
(c) (i) State Hess’ law (1 mk)
(ii) Use the information below to answer the questions that follow.
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)  H = - 393Kjmol-1
H2(g) + ½ O2 (g) H2O (l) H = -287 Kjmol-1
C3H8 + 5O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4 H2O(l) H = -2209kj mol-1
I. What does the symbol H represent? (1 mk)
II. Write the equation for the formation of propane from its constituent elements. (1 mk)
III. With the aid of an energy cycle diagram, calculate the enthalpy of formation of propane.
(3 mks)
5. The flow chart below shows an analysis of mixture K that contains two salts. Study it and
answer the questions that follow.
White precipitate
that dissolves
Add drops of NaOH

till in excess
Mixture Add water Solid Step Metal oxide + Add Solution
K M 1 Carbon (I V)Oxide HNO3(aq) N
and filter
Add drops of
ammonia solution
till in excess
Solution L
Add silver nitrate solution White precipitate
Add excess followed by dilute nitric (v) Insoluble in excess
NaOH(aq) and Heat acid
Colourless solution A White precipitate

+ Ammonia gas + liquid B
(a) Identify,
(i) Solution L: (1 mk)
(ii) Solid M: (1 mk)
(iii) Solution N : (1 mk)
(b) What condition is necessary in step 1 (1 mk)
(c) State the observations made in step 1 (1 mk)
(d) Write down an equation to show how;
(i) Solution N is formed. (1 mk)
(ii) Colourless solution A and Ammonia gas are formed. (1 mk)
(e) When excess NaOH(aq) is added to solution N, a white precipitate is formed which dissolves.
Give the name and formula of the ion formed. (2 mks)
Name:……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Formula: …………………………………………………………………………………………….
(f) Explain why it is necessary to add water to mixture K and then filter. (1 mk)

6. A student set up the apparatus shown below to prepare and collect dry carbon (IV) oxide gas.
Dilute H2SO4 acid
Water
Calcium carbonate Conc. H2SO4 (l)

(a)State a correction for three mistakes in the set up above (3 mks)
(b)Give two reasons why carbon (IV) oxide is used as a fire extinguisher (2 mks)
(c)The flow chart below is for the manufacture of sodium carbonate by the Solvay process. Use it to
Brine Ammoniacal Tower

Brine Filter
P
Gas Q
Heating Solution Chamber G
Gas M F Solid X
limestone
Add water Heat
Chamber K
Na2CO3
(i) Name gas M: ………………………….. (1 mk)

Q: …………………………..
(ii) Name solution F and solid X (1 mk)
F: ………………………………………………………..
X: ……………………………………………………….
(iii) Name the product L formed and give one of its uses (2 mks)
(iv) Write equations of the reactions in (2 mks)
Tower:
Chamber K:
(v) Name the two raw materials required in the manufacture of sodium carbonate (2 mks)
7. A piece of marble chip (calcium carbonate) is put in a beaker containing excess of dilute
hydrochloric acid which is placed on a reading balance. The mass of the beaker and its contents
is recorded every two minutes as shown in the table.
Time (min) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Mass (g) 126.4 126.3 126.2 126.1 126.0 126.0 126.0
i) Why is there a continuous loss of mass of the reaction mixture. (1 mk)

ii) Write an equation for the reaction taking place. (1 mk)
iii)State two different ways by which the reaction could have been made more rapid. (2 mks)
iv) Why does the mass remain constant after 8 minutes (1 mk)
v) State the observations that would be made if a few drops of lead II nitrate solution was added to
1cm3 of the resulting solution followed by excess ammonia solution. (2 mks)
vi) State one environmental effect that excess carbon (IV) oxide in the air causes. (1 mk)
vii) The energy profile for the forward direction of a reversible reaction is shown.
Energy
Progress of reaction
Sketch on the diagram the path for a catalysed reaction. (1 mk)

viii) What do you observe when you introduce the following substances in this equation
2CrO2-4(aq) + 2H+(aq) Cr2O2-7(aq) + H2O(l) ΔH= -477Kj/Mol

Yellow Orange
i) Dilute hydrochloric acid solution. Explain (2 mks)
ii) Increase heat (2 mks)

PREDICTION TRIAL 4
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
• Write your name and Index number in the spaces provided above.
•Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided
•Mathematics tables and electronic calculators may be used.
•All working must be clearly shown where necessary.

Question Maximum Score Candidate’s Score
1 12
2 11
3 13
4 12
5 11
6 11
7 10
TOTAL SCORE 80
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided

1. (a) State one disadvantage of using flower extracts as acid – base indicators. (1mk)
(b)Name the indicator that can be used in the laboratory to tell the PH of lemon juice. (1mk)
(c) Differentiate between strong and weak acids. (1mk)
2. (a) What are isotopes? (1mk)
18
(b) Determine the number of neutrons in 8 O (1mk)
3. When magnesium is burnt in air it reacts with both oxygen and nitrogen gas giving a white ash.
Write two equations for the reactions that take place. (1mk)
4. A solution contains 29.1g per litre of aluminium Sulphate. Calculate the number of Sulphate
ions in 350cm3 of the solution.
(Al = 27, S = 32, O = 16) Avogadro’s constant = 6.0 x 1023. (2mks)
5. When a solid B was heated in a test-tube, it gave off two gases. The two gases were seperates by
passing them through a plug of glass wool in a test-tube as shown below.
The first gas which evolved turned moist red litmus paper to blue. Later the other gas involved
turned the litmus back to red.
(a) Identify solid B (1mk)
(b) Write the equation for the reaction that take place in the test tube (1mk)

6. Hydrogen Sulphide gas was bubbled into two solutions of metallic nitrates as shown in the flow
diagram below
Blue solution Black solid C

Hydrogen
Sulphide
gas
Brown solution
Green Solution D
(a) Identify the black solid C (1mk)
(b) Write an ionic equation for the formation of the green solution (1mk)
(c)State the property of Hydrogen Sulphide shown by the formation of solution D (1mk)
7. The apparatus shown below was used to investigate the effect of Carbon (II) Oxide on Lead (II)
Oxide.
(a) State the observation made in the combustion tube during the experiment. (2mks)
(b) Write the equation for the reaction that take place in test-tube E. (1mk)
8. (a) Lime water is also used to soften hard water. Why is this method not preferred to soften
hard water. (1mk)
(b) Name a compound that causes temporary hardness of water. (1mk)
(c) State one disadvantage of using hard water for domestic purpose. (1mk)
9. (a) Name the compound below
CH3CH2CH = CH2
(b) Draw and name other isomers of the compound in (a) above. (2mks)
10.A white solid dissolve in water to form a colourless solution. The colourless solution forms a
white precipitate with Ammonia solution but dissolve in excess alkali. The colourless solution
forms a white precipitate with Lead (II) Nitrate solution. The white Precipitate dissolve on
warming to form a colourless solution.
(a) Write the chemical formulae for the ion formed when the colourless solution react with excess
ammonia solution. (1mk)
(b) Write the name of the ion present in the white solid. (1mk)
(c) What is an alkali (1mk)
11. The solubility of Potassium Manganate (VII) at 20 0C is 13g per 100g of water and at 900C is 60g
per 100g of water.
(a) Determine the mass of Pottassium (VII) Manganate present in 80g of saturated solution at 900C.
(1mk)
(b) Calculate the mass of Pottassium (VII) Manganate that would crystallize out if the solution
in (a) were cooled to 200C. (2mks)
12. (a) Explain why concentrated Sulphuric (VI) acid is a poor electrolyte and has no effect on
blue litmus paper whereas 2M Sulphuric (VI) acid conducts electricity and changes blue litmus
paper red. (1mk)
(b) What is a binary electrolyte. (1mk)
13. An element F has a relative atomic mass of 88. When a current of 0.5 amperes was persed
through the fused chloride of F for 20 minutes and 20 seconds, 0.278g of F were deposited at the
cathode. Determine the charge on ion of F (1Faraday = 96500C). (2mks)
14. Below is a cross- section of a charcoal burner
(a)Charcoal is a form of impure carbon. Name allotropes of carbon. (1mk)

(b)Write an equation for the reaction taking place at the part marked B. (1mk)

15. The diagram below represents paper chromatogram of four types of sugar.
(a) Identify the most stable sugar. (1mk)

(b) On the diagram, show the chromatogram of R. (2mks)
16. The empirical formula of a hydrocarbon is C2H3. The hydrocarbon has a relative molecular Mass
of 54. (H = 1, C = 12)
(a) Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon. (1mk)
(b) Draw the structure formulae of the hydrocarbon in (a) (1mk)
(c)To which homologous series does the hydrocarbon in (b) above belong? (1mk)
17. State three factors that increase the rate of reaction for the following rection.(3mks)
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(aq)
18.In terms of structure and bonding explain the following
(a) Melting point of Magnessium is higher than that of Sodium. (3mks)
(b) Melting point of Chlorine is lower than that of Iodine. (1mk)
19. The set-up below was used to prepare a solution of hydrogen chloride gas
(a)Identify solid S (1mk)

(b)Identify one mistake in the set up. (1mk)
(c)Write an equation for the reaction taking place in the flask. (1mk)
20. (a) State gay Lussac’s law (1mk)

(b) 10cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon, CxHy required 30cm3 of oxygen for complete
combustion. If steam and 20cm3 of Carbon (IV) oxide were produced, what is the value of x in
CxHy. (2mks)
21. Starting with lead metal, describe how a dry sample of Lead(II) chloride can be prepared in the
laboratory. (3mks)
22. An ion T2- has an electronic arrangement of 2.8
(a) What is the atomic number of the element. (1mk)
(b) To which group and period does the element belong to;
Group__________________________________________________ (1mk)
Period__________________________________________________ (1mk)
23. Using dot (.) and cross (x) diagram show the type of bond present in hydrogen ion, H 3O+ (H = 1,
O = 8) (2mks)
24. A mixture of Hydrogen gas and Carbon (IV) oxide are passed through Potassium hydroxide
solution as shown below.
(a) State the observation made in the conical flask. (1mk)

(b) Write the equation for the reaction that takes place in:-
(i) the conical flask (1mk)
(ii) the burning of gas x (1mk)
25. 20cm3 of a solution containing 4g per litre of Sdium hydroxide was neutralized by 8cm3 of dilute
Sulphuric (VI) acid. Calculate the concentration of the acid im moles per litre.(Na = 23, O = 16,
H=1) (3mks)

26. Given that the hydration energies of Ca2+(g) and Cl-(g) are -1562KJ/Mole and -364KJ/Mole
respectively. The heat of solution (  Hsoln) for one Molw of CaCl2 is -82.9 KJ/Mole. Determine
the lattice energy for CaCl2. (2mks)
27. The diagram below is used to prepare nitrogen (IV) oxide gas.
(a) Identify substance V (1mk)

(b) State and explain one precaution taken when carrying out the experiment. (2mks)
28. Electrode potentials for the half cells are shown below. Use the information to answer the
Sn2+(aq)+2e- Sn(s) ; E  = -0.14V
Cu2+(aq)+2e- Cu(s) ; E  = -0.34V
(a) Write the cell representation for the cell made up of two half cells. (1mk)
(b) Write the cell equation for the cell reaction. (1mk)
(c) Calculate the E  value for the cell. (1mk)
29. State the function of each of the following in the solvay process of production of Sodium
Carbonate.
(a) Coke (1mk)
(b) Cold water on the carbonation. (1mk)
(c)Ammonia a generator. (1mk)
30. (a) A student in form three was given two gases C2H6 and C2H4. He added acidified Potassium
Manganate (VII) to each solution. State the observations the student made. (2mks)
(b) State one use of C2H4. (1mk)

PREDICTION TRIAL 4
233/2
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
• Write your name and Index number in the spaces provided above.
•Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided
•Mathematics tables and electronic calculators may be used.
•All working must be clearly shown where necessary.

Question Maximum Score Candidate’s Score
1 12
2 11
3 13
4 12
5 11
6 11
7 10
TOTAL SCORE 80
1. (a) The table below shows the ions of elements W, X, Y, Z and their electron arrangement.
The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the element.
Ion Electron configuration
W - 2,8,8
X2+ 2,8,8
Y3+ 2,8
Z 2- 2,8
(i) Which two elements belong to the same period? Give a reason. (2mks)
(ii) In which group of the periodic table does Y belong? (1mk)
(iii) Write the formula of the compound formed between W and X (1mk)
(iv) What type of bond is formed between W and X. Explain. (2mks)
(b) (i) What is a coordinate bond. (1mk)
(ii) Draw a dot (.) cross (X) diagram to show bonding in the Ammonium ion. NH4+ ion (N = 7,
H = 1) (2mks)
c) Aluminum chloride and sodium chloride are both chlorides of period 3 elements.
Use this information to explain the following observations.
I A solution of A1CI3 in water turns blue litmus paper red while that of sodium chloride
does hot. (1 ½ mks)
II The melting point of sodium chloride (801°C) is higher than that of A1C13 (180°C). (1 ½ mks)
2. (a) Give the names of the following compounds.
(i) CH3CH2CH2CH3 (1 mk)
(ii) CH3CHCHCH2CH3 (1 mk)
(b) Study the information in the table below ad answer the questions that follow.
No. of carbon atoms per molecule Relative molecular mass of hydrogen

2 28
3 42
4 56
(i) Write the general formula of the hydrocarbons in the table. (1 mk)
(ii) Predict the relative molecular mass of the hydrocarbon with 5 carbon atoms. (1mk)
(iii) Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon in (ii) and draw its structural
formula. (2 mks)
(c) Study the scheme given below and answer questions that follow.
(i) Name the reagent used in

Step I (1 mk)
Step II (1 mk)
Step III (1 mk)
(ii) Write an equation for complete combustion of CH  CH (1 mk)
(iii) Explain one disadvantage of the continued use of items in step III. (1 mk)
3. Air was passed through several reagents as shown in the flow chart below.

(a) Name the major components of air. (2mks)
(b) Write an equation for the reaction which takes place in the chamber with:
(i) Concentrated sodium hydroxide. (lmk)
(ii) Excess heated copper turnings. (lmk)
(iii) Excess heated magnesium powder. (1mk)
(c) Name one gas which escapes from the chamber containing magnesium powder. Give a reason
for your answer. (2mks)
(d) Name the substance that was eliminated by electrostatic precipitation. (lmk)
(e) Name a reagent that can be used in place of concentrated sodium hydroxide. (1 mk)
(f) Name substance C. (lmk)
(g) State three uses of gas C. (3mks)
4. (a) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
Residue V was yellow when hot and white when cold.

(i) Identify
I White precipitate I. (1mk)
II Solution II. (1mk)
III Residue V. (1mk)
(ii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction of solution II with Pb(NO3)2(aq). (1 mk)
(iii) Write observations that would be made when ammonia solution is added drop wise till in
excess to the colourless solution II (lmk)
(b) The diagram below represents a set-up for large scale manufacture of hydrochloric acid.
Study it and answer the questions that follow:
(i) Name substance X. (1 mk)

(ii) What is the purpose of glass beads? (1 mk)
(iii) Give one source of substance X used in the above process. (lmk)
(iv) Give two use of hydrochloric acid. (2mks)
(c) The table below shows the ammeter readings obtained when two different electrolytes of the
same concentration were tested.
Electrolyte Ammeter reading (Amps)
Hydrochloric acid 4.0
Ethanoic acid 1.2
Why does Ethanoic acid give a lower ammeter reading? Explain your answer (2mks)
6. The set-up below was used to prepare and collect gas X. During the experiment cleaned
magnesium ribbon was strongly heated before heating the wet glass wool.

(a) Name gas X ………………………………………………………… (1mk)
(b)Why is magnesium ribbon cleaned before it is used? (1mk)
(c)State one observation that would be noted in the reaction tube. (1mk)
(d) Write the equation for the reaction in the reaction tube. (1mk)
(e)State one industrial use of the solid product formed in the reaction tube (1mk)
(f) What precaution should be taken at the end of experiment? Explain. (2mks)
(g)At the end of the experiment 96.0cm3 of gas X were collected at 100C and 1 atmosphere pressure.
Mg = 24, M.G.V = 22.4, T = O0c AT STP, p = 1 atmospere at stp).
(i) Determine the volume gas X would occupy at s.t.p? (2mks)
(ii) Calculate the mass of magnesium ribbon used Mg = 24. (2 mks)
6. The flow chart below shows the large-scale manufacture of nitric (V) acid. Study it and answer
the questions below.
(a) Name substance X. (1mk)

(b) Identify one source of X in this process. (1mk)
(c) Write a balanced equation for the reaction which take place.
(i) At Step II. (1mk)
(ii) In the absorption tower. (1mk)
(d) Name the catalyst used in this process. (1mk)
(e) Why is it not advisable to store nitric (V) acid in a transparent bottle? (1 mk)
(f) The apparatus below was arranged to investigate the properties of nitric (V) acid. Study the set-
up and answer the questions that follow:
(i) Explain what would be observed when blue and red litmus paper is dropped into flask Y after the
experiment. (2 mrks)
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction in test tube X above. (1 mark)
(iii) What gaseous products would be expected if concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid was used in
place of conc. nitric (V) acid? (1 mrk)
7. (a) Explain the following observation, giving an equation where necessary. When a
sample of tap water is boiled for some time, a white precipitate is formed. (lmk)
(b) A sample of hard water is found to contain 0.25g of calcium chloride and 0.24g of
magnesium sulphate per litre.
(i) Describe how this sample of water is softened by using anhydrous sodium carbonate
(2mks)
(ii) Calculate the mass of anhydrous sodium carbonate required to soften a litre of the water
sample (Ca= 40, Mg = 24, Na = 23, 0 = 16, Cl = 35.5, S = 32 and C = 12) (3mks)
(iii) Give two reasons why it is necessary / important to soften tap water supplied for
domestic . (2mks)

(c) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
(i) Identify solid T (lmk)

(ii) Write an equation for the reaction between solid T and concentrated nitric (v) acid. (lmk)
(iii) Write an equation for the reaction that produces solution Q. (lmk)

PREDICTION TRIAL 5
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
 Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided.
 Answer all questions in the spaces provided
 KNEC mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used for calculations.
 All workings must be clearly shown where necessary.

QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE STUDENTS SCORE
1-29 80

Answer all questions in the spaces provided
1. (a) Explain why aluminium is a better conductor of electricity than magnesium. (1 mark)
(b) Other than cost and ability to conduct, give two other reasons why aluminum is used for making
overheadelectriccables while magnesium is not. (1mark)
2. In the Haber process, the industrial manufacture of ammonia is given by the following equation:
(a) Name one source of hydrogen gas used in this process. (1 mark)
(b) Name the catalyst used in the above reaction. (1mark)
(c) State any two uses of ammonia. (1 mark)
3. Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow:
a) Identify the radiations. (1 mark)

A……………………………………………………………………………………
C……………………………………………………………………………………
b) The table below gives the rate of decay for a sample of radioactive element K. Study it and
answer the question that follows:
Mass (kg) Time(Days)
72 0
9 120
Determine the half-life of element K. (2 marks)
4. The pH values of some solutions labeled K,H,L,P and R are given in the table below. Use the
information to answer the questions that follow.
pH 8.0 14.0 1.0 6.5 7.0
Solution K H L P R
(a)Identify the solution with the highest concentration of hydroxyl ions. (1 mark)
(b)Which solution is likely to be sodium chloride solution? (1 mark)
(c)Which solution would react most vigorously with magnesium metal? (1 mark)
5.a) Name the class to which the following cleansing agents belong: (1mark)
b) Which cleaning agent between (i) or (ii) above is preferred for cleaning garments while using
water from a dam containing dissolved calcium chloride? Explain (2 marks)
6. Describe how crystals of sodium chloride can be prepared starting with 50cm3 of 2M sodium
hydroxide solution. (3marks)
7.a) Propane (C3H8) and Carbon(IV)oxide (CO2) diffuses at the same rate under the same conditions.
Explain. (1 mark)
b) Propane is a hydrocarbon. What does the term hydrocarbon mean? (1 mark)
8. The reaction between hydrochloric acid and potassium dichromate (VI) can be used to
demonstrate a reversible reaction. The ionic equation is given below
Explain the observation that would be made when few drops of dilute hydrochloride acid is added to
the equilibrium mixture. (2marks)

9. a) Draw a diagram to show how an iron ring can be electroplated with pure silver. (2marks)
b) Give two reasons why electroplating is necessary. (1 mark)
10.(i)State two observations that can be made when burning magnesium is lowered in a gas jar full
of chlorine. (2 marks)
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that occurs in (i) above. (1 mark)
11. The products formed by action of heat on nitrates of element X, Y and Z are shown below.
Nitrate of Products formed
X X oxide +Nitrogen (IV) Oxide + Oxygen
Y Y +Nitrogen (IV) Oxide+ Oxygen
Z Z nitrite + oxygen
a) Arrange the metals in order of increasing reactivity. (1 mark)
b) Which element forms a soluble carbonate? (1mark)
c) Give an element that can beY. (1 mark)
12.3.0g of an organic compound containing Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only produced 4.4g of
Carbon (IV) oxide and 1.8g of water on complete combustion.
a) Calculate its empirical formula. (2 marks)
b) Calculate in molecular formula if its formula mass is 60. (1 mark)
13. 100cm3 of0.05M Sulphuric (VI) acid were placed in the flask and small quantity of potassium
Carbonate added. The mixture was boiled to expel all carbon (IV) oxide. 25cm3 of the resulting
solution required 18cm3 of 0.1M potassium hydroxide solution to neutralize it. Calculate the
mass of potassium carbonate added. (K = 39, O = 16, C = 12) (3 marks)
14. A sample of air contains nitrogen, oxygen and argon. Describe how oxygen gas can be obtained.
(3 marks)
15. a) Draw the structures of the following compounds. (2 Marks)
i) Ethylbutanoate
ii) 3-ethyl – 3 – methyl hexane
iii) The structure below represents a portion of polyphenylethene.
Draw the structure of the monomer and name it. (1mark)
16. A compound whose general formula is P (OH) 3 (s)reacts as shown by the equation:
P (OH) 3(s) + OH-(aq) P (OH) 4-(aq)
P (OH) 3(S) + 3H+ (aq) P3+ (aq) + 3H2O (l)

(a) Name any two elements whose hydroxides behave like P. (2 marks)
(b) What name is given to compounds which behaves like P (OH) 3 in the above two reactions.
(1 mark)
17. You are provided with the following electrode potentials of four half-cell reactions. Letters do
not represent the actual symbol of the element.
(a) Identify the strongest reducing agent. Explain. (2marks)

(b) Calculate the emf of the two half cells that when combined would produce the largest emf.
(1 mark)
18.Use the following information to answer the questions that follow.
a) Draw an energy cycle diagram and label the various heat changes. (2 marks)
b) Use the energy circle above to calculate heat of formation of methanol. (1 mark)
19. The solubility of iron (II) sulphate at 22oC is 15.65g/100g of water. Calculate the mass of iron
(II) sulphate crystals in 90g of saturated iron (II) sulphate solution. (2marks)

20.Which Use the information in the table below to answer the questions that follow.
(The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements).
Element Q P R S T
Atomic 18 5 3 5 20
number
Mass number 40 10 7 11 40
(a) Which two letters represent the same element. 1mk

(b) Give the number of neutrons in an atom of element R 1mk
21. A solid sample was suspected to contain zinc (II) ions. Describe a systematic test to confirm the
presence of zinc (II) ions. (3 Marks)
22.During the electrolysis, a current of 2 amperes was passed through the copper (II)
sulphatesolution for 4 hours. Calculate the volume of the gas produced at the anode. (1 F= 96500
C, MGV = 24000cm3). (3 marks)
23. A volume of 10cm3 of ethene gas (C2H4) was exploded with 50cm3 of oxygen.
(i) Write the equation of the reaction for the combustion of ethene. (1mk)
(ii) Calculate the volume of gaseous mixture. (2marks)
24.a) What is a fuel? (1 mark)

b) Ethanol has a molar heatof combustion of -1360kJmol-1. Calculate the heating value of ethanol.
(C=12,H=1,O=16) (2 marks)
25.a) Why is the percentage of carbon (IV) oxide in the atmosphere fairly constant? (1 mark)
(b) Calculate the volume of carbon(IV)oxide in 8,000 m3 of air contained in a hall.(2 marks)
26. State two conditions that would make the boiling point of water to be higher than 100 oC.
(2marks)
27a) Name two substances that can be used in chemical test for water. (1mark)
b) Describe how a student can determine the purity of tap water in a school laboratory (2marks)
28. Sodium hydroxide can be prepared through the following methods: I and II.
a) Name one precaution that needs to be taken in method I. ( 1 mark)

b) Give the name of process A. (1 mark)
c) Describe the chemical test of hydrogen gas. (1 mark)
29. i)What does CFCs mean? (1 mark)

ii) State one environment effect of CFCs. (1 mark)
….THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE….

PREDICTION TRIAL 5
233/2
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
INSTRUCTIONS
 Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
 Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
 Electronic calculators may be used.
 All working must be clearly shown where necessary.

Question Maximum Score Candidate’s score
1 12
2 12
3 10
4 11
5 12
6 14
7 09
Total 80

1)a. The diagram below shows a set up for laboratory preparation of chlorine gas. Study it and
Conc.Hydrochloric Acid
WATER LIQUID J
SOLID K
i.Complete the set up to show how dry chlorine may be collected (1 mk)
ii.Name Soild K……………………………………………….. (2 mks)
Liquid J………………………………………………
iii.State and explain the observation made when chlorine gas is bubbled through a solution of
potassium iodide (2 mks)
iv.Write an ionic equation for the reaction that occurs in iii) above (1 mk)
c) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow
Sunlight
Chlorine gas
Solid M
Solution Q
Gas T
Catalyst K Gas R
Water
Gas R
Gas J
OLEUM Liquid S
H2WATER
O

i). Identify the following; Gas R…………………………………………… (2 mks)
Solid M…………………………………………Gas J…………………………………………..
Liquid S………………………………………….
ii. Write a chemical equation for the formation of gas T (1 mk)
iii. Name catalyst K (1 mk)
iv) State two uses of liquid S (2mks)
2. The figure below represents a section of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that
follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of elements.
C D E F G
Z
H J
a) i).What chemical family does element J belong to? (1 mk)
ii. Compare the reactivity of element C and H. Explain. (2 mks)
b) i) Write the chemical formula of the chloride of element D (1 mk)
ii) Name the type of structure of the chloride in b(i) above. (1 mk)
c). State and explain the difference in atomic radius and ionic radius of element F (2 mks)
d). Using dots (.) and crosses (x) show how bonding occurs when element E and F react. (1mk)
e). Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
TUBE A
ZINC
WET SAND
GAS X
HEAT HEAT
WATER
i. State two observations made in the tube A (2 mks)

ii. Explain why the sand is heated first before heating the zinc metal (1 mk)
iii. Give the chemical test of gas X. (1 mk)
3. a) Name the heat change represented by H in the process represented below.

Na(s) Na (g)H = +ve (1mk)
b) The table below gives some bond energies of some bonds.
Bond Bond energy (kJ mol )
H–H 435
Cl – Cl 243
H – Cl 431
Calculate the enthalpy changes for the reaction.
H 2(g) + Cl2(g) 2 HCl(g) (2mks)
c) i) Define enthalpy of formation of a substance. (1mk)
ii) Given that
H  f (C4 H10( g ) )  125kJ mol 1
H  f (CO2 ( g )  395kJmol1
H  f ( H 2O(l )  289kJmol1
Calculate the molar heat of combustion of butane ( C4H10) (2mks)

d) Study the following exothermic reactions involving enthalpy of neutralization
I NaOH(s) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)H1
II NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq )NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)H2
i) Identify the reaction with a higher H value. Giving a reason for your answer. (2mks)
ii) The atomic numbers of Li and K are 3 and 19 respectively.
Li+(g) + (aq) Li+(aq)H3 = -519
K+(g) + (aq) K+(aq) H4 = -322
Study the equations above and explain why H3 is larger than H4. (2mks)

4. Use the standard electrode potentials given below to answer the questions that follow.
Ag+(aq) + e- Ag(s) + 0.80v……….(i)
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) + 0.34v ….…..(ii)
Pb2+(aq) + 2e Pb(s) -0.13v…….…(iii)
Zn2+(aq) + 2e- Zn(s) -0.76v………(iv)
a) Select two half - cells which when combined will give the lowest e.m.f (1mk)
b) Can a solution of silver nitrate be stored in a container of Zinc? (2mks)
c) An iron jug was electroplated using Chromium. The chromium electrode and iron jug were
thoroughly cleaned and weighed before being dipped into the electrolyte. Why was cleaning
necessary? (1mk)
d) A current of 0.75 Amperes was passed through the solution for one hour and four minutes. The
mass of chromium deposited on the jug was 0.52g
(1Faraday = 96500C Cr = 52)
(i) Calculate the quantity of electricity passed. (2mks)
(ii) How many moles in Chromium were deposited? (1mk)
(iii)Calculate the quantity of electricity in coulombs required to deposit one mole of Chromium.
(2mks)
(iv)Deduce the charge of the Chromium ion. (2mks)
5 ) a)An organic compound G whose empirical formula is HCO2 has molar mass of 90. It reacts
with ethanoic in the presence of a few drops of concentrated Sulphuric (VI) acid forming another
compound J with a pleasant smell.
(i) Determine the molecular formula of compound G (2marks)
(ii) To which class of homologous series do compound G and J belong? (2marks)
G: ……………………………………………………………………………………
J: ………………………………………………………………………………………
b) i. What is vulcanization of rubber? (1mk)

i). State two properties of vulcanized rubber. (2mks)
c) The scheme below shows various reactions and process for some organic compounds.
Study it and answer the questions that follow.
i. Name process I and name any other product formed in the process.
Process I ½ 𝒎𝒌
Product ½ mk
ii) Name the reagent and condition required in process II.
Reagent ½ 𝒎𝒌
Condition ½ mk
iii) Name the catalyst and reagent required in step IV.
𝟏
Catalyst 𝒎𝒌
𝟐
Reagent ½ mk
iv) Give any one use of the product formed in process (V) (1mk)
v) Name process (VI) (1mk)
6. The flow chart below outlines some of the processes involved in extraction of copper from
copper pyrites. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

(a)i. Name gas K (1mk)
(ii)Write an equation for the reaction that takes place in the first roasting furnace. (1mk)
(iii) Write the formula for the cation present the slag M. (1mk
(iv) Identify gas P. (1mk)
(v)What name is given to the reaction that takes place in chamber N?
Give a reason for your answer. (2mks)
vi) State two uses of copper metal (2mks)
b) Below is a simplified diagram of the Downs cell in which sodium metal is manufactured.
(i) Identify electrolyte X and gas Y. (2mks)

Electrolyte X ………………………………….…Gas Y………………………………
(ii)Give two properties of sodium that make it possible to collect as shown above. (2mks)
(iii) Why is graphite preferred to steel as the anode? (1mk)
(iv)Explain how sodium hydroxide pellets would be obtained from sodium amalgam? (1mk)
7) Study the reaction scheme below and answer the questions that follow.
a) Name; Gas M…………………………………………………………….. (1 mk)

Precipitate W……………………………………………………... (1 mk)
b) Write an equation for the formation of ;

The white solid (1 mk)
Colorless solution X (1 mk)
c) What name is given to the process that produce precipitate W (1 mk)

d) State two commercial uses of gas M (2 mks)
e) If 100cm3 of 0.05M hydrogen peroxide were used to produce gas M. calculate the volume of gas
M produced if the hydrogen peroxide decomposed completely.(MGV= 22400cm3) (2mks)

PREDICTION TRIAL 6
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
1) Write your NAME and INDEX NUMBER in the space provided above
2) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces providedabove
3) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided
4) ALL working must be clearly shown where necessary.

1 −28 80
Total 80
QUESTIONS
1.In the industrial preparation of oxygen, state:
(a)How dust particles are removed from air. (1 mark)
(b)Why carbon (IV) oxide is removed before the mixture is cooled to – 250C (1 mark)
2. A form four student accidentally mixed Sodium Carbonate and Calcium Carbonate.
Describe how he would obtain a dry sample of Sodium Carbonate from the mixture. (3 marks)
3. The set up below was used to prepare dry hydrogen gas. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.
Hydrochloric
Cardboard
acid
Zinc granules
(i) Identify a mistake in the set up (1 mark)

(ii) Write an equation for the reaction for the reaction that produces hydrogen gas(1 mk)
(iii) State the chemical test for hydrogen (1 mark)
4. When air is bubbled through pure water (pH 7), the pH drops to 6.0.Explain (2mks)
5.Explain why iron III chloride is fairly soluble in methylbenzene while Magnesium chloride is
insoluble. (2 mks)
6.Describe how a solid sample of Lead(II) Chloride can be prepared using the following
Reagents:Dilute Nitric Acid, Dilute Hydrochloric Acid and Lead Carbonate. (3marks)
7.50cm3 of Carbon (IV) Oxide diffuses through a porous plate in 15 seconds. Calculate the time
taken by 75cm3 of Nitrogen (IV) Oxide to diffuse through the same plate under similar
conditions. (C = 12, 0 = 16, N = 14) (2marks)
8.(a).Carbon (IV) oxide is bubbled through Calcium hydroxide until there is no further change.
Explain using equations the changes observed. (2 marks)
(b) Explain why diamond is used in cutting of glass and drilling. (1 mark)

9.Study the table for certain properties of substances A, B, C and D.
Melting point 0c Solubility in water Electrical conduct
A -1190c Soluble Solution does not conduct
B 0
1020 c Soluble Solution conducts
C 17400c Insoluble Doesn’t not conduct
D 16000c Insoluble Conducts at room temperature
Which of the substances A, B, C and D: (4 mks)
(i) Is a metal
(ii) Has a simple molecular structure…………………………………………
(iii) Has a giant ionic structure…………………………………………
(iv) Has a giant covalent structure……………………………
10.A compound G reacts with 2 moles of bromine to form another compound whose structural
formula is.
H Br Br H
| | | |
H- C - C - C - C – H
| | | |
H Br Br H
i) What is the formula and name of compound G (2 marks)
ii) State the observations made when acidified potassium chromate (VI) is added to compound G
(1 mark)
11.Study the set-up below and answer the questions that follow
Dilute hydrochloric acid
A gas jar
Sodium sulphite Red litmus paper
gas x
(a) Identify gas (1 mark)
(b)Write an equation for the reaction that produces gas x. (1 mark)
(c) What is the effect of the gas x above on the red-litums paper (1 mark)
(d) State and explain two observations made when hydrogen sulphide is bubbled through a solution
containing iron (III) chloride. (2mks)
12. Aluminium (III) chloride sublimes. Explain why this is possible. (2mks)
13. The table below shows the solubility of a substance at various temperatures. Study it and answer
the questions that follow.
Temperature (0C) Solubility in g/100g of water
0 36
40 30
80 25
110 20
(a)What is the meaning of solubility? (1 mark)
(b)What is the physical state of the substance? (1 mark)
(c)State and explain what would happen if a sample of a saturated solution of the substance at 400C
was heated to 1100C. (1mark)
14.Study the chart below and answer the questions that follow.
(a) Name:
(i) Cations present in mixture X. (1mark)
(ii) Anions present in the solution. (1mark)
(b) Write an equation to show how the white precipitate in step III is formed. (1mark)

15. Study the diagram below and answer the questions
(i) What is the process involved in step L (1mark)

(ii)Explain how process N and P can be affected (2marks)
16.The scheme below was used to prepare a cleansing agent. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.
(d) Given to the type of cleansing agent prepared by the method above? (1 mark)
(ii)Name one chemical substance added in step II (1 mark)
(iii)What is the purpose of adding the chemical substance named in c (ii) above? (1 mark)
17. Nitrates of metals A, B, C were heated and the products of the reactions recorded in the table
below.
Nitrate of metal Products
A Metal nitrate and oxygen
B Free metal, nitrogen (IV) Oxide and oxygen gas
C Metal oxide, nitrogen (IV) oxide and oxygen gas
a) Name two possible identities of metal A. (1mk)
b) Name the two possible identity of metal B (1mk)
c) Calcium nitrate is one of the nitrate which forms the products in C. Using chemical equation
show how the products are formed. (1mk)
18. State and explain what happens to the masses of the following substances when they are
separately heated in open crucibles ; (3mks)
(i)copper metal
(ii) Sulphur powder
19.The table below gives the first ionization energies of the alkali metals.
Element 1st ionization energy kJ mol-1
A 494
B 418
C 519
a) Define the term ionization energy. (1mk)

b) Which of the three metals is the least reactive? Give a reason. (2mks)
20.Study the set-up below and answer questions that follow.
i) Name the gas that is produced when concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid reacts with the
Sodium chloride (1mark)
ii)Why is it necessary to use a funnel in the beaker? (1mark)
iii)How does the gas affect the PH of the water in the beaker? (1mark)

21. The flow chart/diagram below outlines a method of preparing a fertilizer
Dilute
NH3(g) Salt F
H2SO4
Air
Salt V Gas U
Air
Nitric (V) acid Gas W
E
i) Identify U and W
U ……………………………………………………………. (1/2mark)
W …………………………………………………………… (1/2mark)
ii) Give the names of salt F and V
F ……………………………………………………………. (1/2mark)
V ……………………………………………………………. (1/2mark)
iii) Write a balanced equation for the formation of salt F (1 mark)
22.(a)Draw a dot (•) and a cross (x) diagram to show bonding in Cl2O. (1 mark)
b) Explain why the compound Cl2O has a very low melting and boiling point. (1 mark)
23.Ethene reacts with oxygen according to the equation.
C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) 2 C02(g) + 2H2O (g)
15.0 cm3 of ethene were mixed with 50cm3 of oxygen and mixture was sparked to complete the
reaction. If all the volumes were measured at a pressure of one atmosphere and 250C. Calculate
the volume of resulting gaseous mixture. (3 marks)
24. The graph below shows the behavior of a fixed mass of a gas at constant temperature.
Pressure
(atmospheres)
Volume (litres)
(a) What is the relationship between the volume and the pressure of the gas? (1 mark)
(b) 3 litres of oxygen gas at 1atm atmosphere pressure were compressed to 2atm at constant
temperature. Calculate the volume occupied by the oxygen gas. (2mrks)
25.Temporary water hardness can be removed by boiling

(a)What is hard water. (1 mark)
(b)Write a chemical equation to show how temporary hardness is removed by boiling.(1 mark)
(c)State one advantage of hard water. (1 mark)
26.A student set-up the experiment below to collect gas K. The glass wool was heated before heating
the zinc powder.
Zinc powder Gas K
Glass wool
Soaked Boiling tube
Heat Heat
(a) Why was it necessary to heat the moist glass wool before heating the zinc powder? (1 mark)
(b)What observation was made in the boiling tube. (1 mark)
27. During the extraction of lead from its ores one of the main ore used is Galena
Galena Coke and CaO

Gas P
Hot air Roasting Smelting
Furnace furnance
SO2(g)) Lead
Slag
(i) Write an equation for the reaction in roasting furnace. (1 mark)

(ii) Name gas P (1 mark)
(iii) State one use of lead metal. (1 mark)
28. The empirical formula of a compound is CH2 and it has a molecular mass of 42.
(a) What is the molecular formula of this compound? (1 mark)
(b) Write the general formula of the homologous series to which the compound belongs.(1mk)
(c) Draw the structural formula of the third member of this series and give its IUPAC name.
(1mark)

PREDICTION TRIAL 6
233/2
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
 Write your name and index number in the spaces provided.
 Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
 Electronic calculators and Mathematical tables may be used.
 All workings must be clearly shown where necessary.

Questions Maximum Score Candidates Score
1 16
2 13
3 13
4 11
5 13
6 14
80
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.

1. The diagram below shows part of the Frasch process used for extraction of sulphur. Use it to
Hot compressed
air (15atm)
Super heated
water at 170°C
i) Identify (1mark)
X………………………………………………………………………………….................
ii) Why is it necessary to use superheated water and hot compressed air in this process (2mrk)
iii) State two physical properties of sulphur that makes it possible for it to be extracted by this
method (2marks)
b) The diagram below shows part of the process in the manufacture of sulphuric (VI) acid. Study it
and answer questions that follow
Concentrated Sulphuric (VI) acid
Air
Sulphur (IV) Chamber
oxide Purifier A
Sulphur (IV) oxide
+ air
Sulphur (VI) oxide

HEAT
EXCHANGER Concentrated
CATALYTIC H2SO4
CHAMBER B
ABSORPTION
TOWER
Oleum

i) Give two reasons why air is referred to as a mixture (2 marks)
ii) What is the role of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid in chamber A (1mark)
iii) Name two catalysts that can be used in the catalytic chamber B (2marks)
iv) State two roles of the heat exchanger (2marks)
v) Describe the test for a Sulphite anion SO32- (2 mark)
vi) Explain the observation made when a few drops of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid are added to
crystal of hydrated copper II sulphate? Explain your answer (2mks)
2. Use the standard electrode potential for elements G,H,J, K and L given below to answer the
questions that follow
Half reactions Electrode potential (volts)
G2+(aq) + 2e– G(s) -2.90
H2+(aq) + 2e– H(s) -2.38
J+(aq) + e– ½J2(g) 0.00
K2+(aq) + 2e– K(s) +0.34
½L2(g) + e– L–(aq) +2.87
i) Which element could be hydrogen. Explain (1mark)

ii) Which two half cell would produce the highest potential difference (e.m.f) when combined
(1mark)
iii) In the space provided below construct a well labelled electrochemical cell obtained when G2+/G
and K2+/K half cells are combined (3marks)
iv) Calculate the EƟ value of the electrochemical cell constructed in (iii) above (2marks)
v) It is advisable to store a nitrate solution of K in a container made f H. Explain. (2marks)
b) During electrolysis of aqueous copper (II) sulphate using copper electrodes a current of 0.4
ampheres was passed through the cell for 5 hours
i) Write an ionic equation of the reaction that occurred at the cathode (1mark)
ii) Determine the change in mass of the anode which occurred as a result of the electrolysis process (
Cu= 63.5 1 Faraday= 96500 coulombs) (3marks)
3. Study the reactive scheme below and answer the questions that follow.
liquid X + Gas Z
O2
Step III
Step I CH3COOH
hydrogen + Q Butanol Substance P
step II
Step IV
H2
CH3CH2CHCH2 Step V
R
H2SO 4 / H2O
Step VI
C4H9OH
Step VII
Hydrogen + R Step VIII C3H7COOH
i) What is the distinguished physical property of substance P (1mark)

ii) Identify a suitable reagent that can be used in step I . (1mark)
iii) Describe how C3H7COOH can be distinguished from C4H9OH (2marks)
iv) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place in step III. (1 mark)
v) Name the type of reaction that occurs in steps II and VII. (2 marks)
vi) If 7.4g of butanol completely underwent step III, determine the volume of gas Z produced at STP
(MGV = 22.4L , C= 12.0, H=1.0 O=16.0) (3 marks)
vii) Write an equation for the reaction between R and one mole of fluorine. (1 mark)
viii) Describe a chemical test for liquid X. (2 marks)
4. Aluminium is extracted using the electrolytic cell represented by the diagram below
Electrode X
Electrode Y
Molten ore Steel tank
molten
alluminium

i) Why is aluminium extracted by electrolytic method? (1 mark)
ii) Name the electrodes labelled X and Y (2marks)
iii)The chief ore from which aluminium is extracted is bauxite.
a)Name two main impurities present in bauxite. (2 marks)
b) Aluminium oxide is the main component in bauxite with a melting point of 2015°C but
electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide is carried out at 800°C. Explain how this is achieved.
(2mks)
iv) Write the equations for the reaction taking place at the anode. (1 mark)
v) One of the electrodes is replaced periodically. Which one and why? (2 mark)
vi) Duralumin (an alloy of copper, aluminium and magnesium) is preferred to pure aluminium in the
construction of aeroplane bodies. Give one property of duralumin that is considered. (1 mark)
5. The grid below represents part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that
follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements
C F G I
H K
D E
J
i) Identify the most reactive non-metal. Explain. (2 marks)

ii) What is the name given to the family of elements of which I and J belong? (1 mark)
iii) Using dots (•) and crosses (×) to represent electrons, show bonding in the compound formed
between C and H. (2 marks)
iv) How does the atomic radius of F compare with that of I. Explain. (2 marks)
b) Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.
Substance M N O P Q R
M.P. °C 801 1356 -101 26 -39 113
B.P °C 1410 2850 -36 154 457 445
Electrical conductivity in solid state Poor Poor Poor Poor Good Poor
Electrical conductivity in molten state Good Poor Poor Poor Good Poor
i) Explain why substance M is a good conductor in molten state and not in solid state. (2marks)
ii) What is the most likely structure of substance N. Explain. (2 marks)
iii) Identify, with reasons, a substance that exists as a liquid at room temperature. (2 marks)
6. A piece of marble chip (calcium carbonate) is put in a beaker containing excess of dilute
hydrochloric acid which is placed on a reading balance. The mass of the beaker and its contents
is recorded every two minutes as shown in the table.
Time (min) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Mass (g) 126.4 126.3 126.2 126.1 126.0 126.0 126.0
i) Why is there a continuous loss of mass of the reaction mixture. (1 mark)

ii) Write an equation for the reaction taking place. (1 mark)
iii) State two different ways by which the reaction could have been made more rapid. (2 marks)
iv) Why does the mass remain constant after 8 minutes (1 mark)
v) State the observations that would be made if a few drops of lead II nitrate solution was added to
1cm3 of the resulting solution followed by excess ammonia solution. (2 marks)
vi) State one environmental effect that excess carbon (IV) oxide in the air causes. (1 mark)
vii) The energy profile for the forward direction of a reversible reaction is shown.
Energy
Progress of reaction
Sketch on the diagram the path for a catalysed reaction. (2 mark)

viii) What do you observe when you introduce the following substances in this equation
2CrO2-4(aq) + 2H+(aq) Cr2O2-7(aq) + H2O(l) ΔH= -477Kj/Mol
Yellow Orange
i) Dilute hydrochloric acid solution (2 mark)
ii) Increase heat (2 mark)

PREDICTION TRIAL 7
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
(i) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
(ii) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(iii) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
(iv) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
(v) All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
(vi) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages
are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing

Questions Maximum Score Candidate’s Score
1 –30 80
1. The samples of equal volumes of water were put in 100cm3 conical flasks and heated for 5 minutes
on a Bunsen flame. It was observed that sample 1 registered a low temperature than sample II
Flame 1 Flame II
(a) Name flame I (1mk)

(b) State one disadvantage of using flame I for heating (1mk)
2. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
The diagram shows the method used to separate component of mixture P
X
Hot water
. Lie big condenser
Cold
water
Liquid
Distillate
mixture
P
Heat
(a)Name X (1mk)
(b) What is the name given to the method used in separation of mixture P (½mk)
(c) What would happen if the inlet and outlet of water were interchanged ( ½mk)
(d) Which physical property is used to separate mixture P (1mk)

3. The table below shows the solubility of three solids P, Q, and R.
Solid Cold Water Hot Water
P soluble soluble
Q insoluble insoluble
R Insoluble soluble
How would you obtain pure samples of R,P and Q (2mks)
4. State why a water molecule H2O can combine with H+ ion to form H3O+ ion (1mk)
5. The PH values of some solutions are given below
PH 14.0 1.0 8.0 6.5 7.0
Solution M L N P Z
(a) Identify the solution with the lowest concentration of hydrogen ion. Give reason for your answer
(1mk)
(b) Which solution would be used as an anti-acid for treating stomach upset. Give for your answer
(1mk)
6. The data below gives the electronic configuration of some selected atoms and ions
Atom/ion A2+ B C2- D2+ E F- G+ H
Electronic configuration 2 2.4 2.8 2.8.8 2.8 2.8.8 0 2.8.2
(a)Select an atom that is a noble gas (1mk)

(b) What is the atomic number of C and A (1mk)
(c) Select an element that belong to group 2 and period four (1mk)
(d) Write the formula of the compound formed when D and F react (1mk)
7. Helium is used instead of hydrogen in balloons for metrological research. Explain (1mk)
8. Zinc metal and hydrochloric acid reacts according to the following equation
Zn(s) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
1.96g of Zinc metal were reacted with 100cm3 of 0.2M hydrochloric acid
a) Determine the reagent that was in excess (2mks)
Zn=65.2; Molar gas volume at s.t.p 22.4 liters
(b) Calculate the total volume of hydrogen gas that was liberated at s.t.p (1mk)
9. Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds (1mk)

(i) .CH3CH2CH2CH CH3
CH3 …………………………………………………………………………….
(ii)CH3CH=CHCl …………………………………………………………………………… (1mk)
10. 0.9g of potassium chloride and potassium carbonate mixture completely reacted with 25cm3 of
0.2M hydrochloric acid
(i) Write an equation of the reaction which takes place (1mk)
(ii)Determine the number of moles of the acid used (1mk)
(iii) Calculate the mass of potassium chloride in the mixture (K=39.0; C=12.0; O=16.0) (2mks)
11. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow
Metal M
Dilute Hydrochloric acid Colourlesss gas
White ppt soluble Process I

Solution E Process 2
in excess Ammonia solution White ppt soluble in excess
added drop wise NaOH added
drop wise
(i) Identify metal M: ………………………………………………………. (1mk)

(ii) Colourless gas: …………………………………………………………. (1mk)
(iii) Write an equation that leads to the formation of white precipitate in process
12. a) Define the term dynamic equilibrium (1mk)

b) A reaction at equilibrium can be represented as
2CrO2-4[aq] +2H+[aq] Cr2O7 2[-aq] + H2O{l}
Yellow orange
State and explain the observation made when NaOH is added to the equilibrium mixture (2mks)
13. Few drops of hydrochloric acid were added into a test tube containing lead {II} Nitrate solution
a) State one observation made (1mk)
b) Write an ionic equation of the reaction that occurred in the test tube (1mk)
14. A compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen contains 57.15% carbon, 4.76% hydrogen and the
rest oxy gen. If its relative molecular mass is 126, find its molecular formula. (C = 12, H = 1, O
= 16) (3mks)

15. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow.
Salt Solubility g/100g of water

At 40°C At 60°C
CuSO4 28 38
Pb(NO3)2 79 98
A mixture containing 35g of CuSO4 and 78g of Pb(NO3)2 in 100g of water at 60°C was cooled to
40°C.
i) Which salt crystallized out? Give a reason. (2 marks)
ii) Calculate the mass of the salt that crystallized out. (1 mark)
16. a) Distinguish between strong and concentrated acid ( 1mk)

b). A solution of ammonia in methylbenzene has no effects on red litmus paper while a
solution of ammonia in water turns red litmus paper blue. Explain (2mks)
17. Name the process which takes place when
i.Iodine changes directly from solid to gas (1mk)
ii.Fe2+( aq) changes to Fe3+(aq) (1mk)
iii.White sugar changes to black when mixed with concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid (1mk)
18. In the last stage of the solvay process, a mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate and ammonium
chloride is formed
a) State the method of separation used (1mk)
b) Write an equation showing how lime is slaked (1mk)
c) Name the by- product recycled in the above process (1mk)
19. The diagram below is a section of a model of the structure of element K
Key
+ + + + + + +
charged nucleus
+ + + + + +
electron
+ + + + + +
a) State the type of bonding that exist in K (1mk)

b) In which group of the periodic table does element K belong. Give a reason (2mks)
20. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
a) State two observations made in the above experiment when sodium react with water (2 mks)
b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that takes place (1mk)
21. (a) Explain why permanent hardness in water cannot be removed by boiling (2mks)
(b) Name two methods that can be used to remove permanent hardness from water (1mk)
22. Write an equation to show the effect of heat on the nitrate of: - (2mks)
i) Potassium
(ii) Silver
23. Study the diagram below and use it to answer the questions that follow.
(a) State the observation made in the combustion tube. (1mk)

(b) Write an equation for the reaction that took place in the combustion tube. (1mk)
(c) Name gas P (1mk)

24. Sulphur exists in two crystalline forms.
a) Name one crystalline form of Sulphur. (1mk)
b) State two uses of Sulphur. (2mks)
25. Bond energies for some bonds are tabulated below: -
BOND BOND ENERGY KJ/mol

H–H 436
C=C 610
C- H 410
C–C 345
Use the bond energies to estimate the enthalpy for the reaction. (3mks)
26. Study the set up below and answer the questions that flows
State all the observations that would be made when the circuit is completed (3mks)
27. Describe how solid samples of salts can be obtained from a mixture of lead (II) chloride, sodium
chloride and ammonium chloride. (3mks)
28. The diagram below represents a set-up used to prepare oxygen gas.
(a) Name substance Q. (1mk)

(b) Complete the set-up to show how oxygen gas is collected. (1mk)
(c)Write the equation for the reaction that occur. (1mk)
29. Two reagents that can be used to prepare chlorine gas are potassium manganate
(VII) and hydrochloric acid.
(a) Write an equation for the reaction. (1mk)
b) Give the formula of another reagent that can be used instead of potassium manganate (VII).
(1mk)
(c) Using an equation illustrate how chlorine bleach coloured substances. (2mks)

PREDICTION TRIAL 7
233/2
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..

 Write your Name, Admission Number and School in the spaces provided above.
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided after each question.
 Mathematical tables and non-programmable electronic calculators may be used.
 ALL working must be clearly shown where necessary.

QUESTIONS MAX SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1 12
2 12
3 10
4 11
5 14
6 10
7 11
TOTAL 80
1. (a) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
A Long chain Ethanol

alkane CH3CH2OH
Step II H2(g) Ni(s) Step 1 Step VI
CH2 = CH2 C
Step V
Polymerize
Step III HCl(g) Step IV
B CO2(g) +
H2O(l)
(i) Name the process taking place in step (I). (1mark)

(ii) Describe a chemical test that can be carried out to show the identity of organic compound A.
(2marks)
(iii) Give the name of the following: (2marks)
I. A:…………………………………………………………………………
II. B:…………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Give the structural formulae of substance C. (1mark)
(v) Name the type of reaction that occurs in:
I. Step IV (2marks)
II. Step VI:
(vi) Give the reagent and the condition necessary for step VI. (2marks)
Reagent:………………………………………………………………………………………………
Condition:………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Give the systematic names of the following compounds:
I. CH2CHCHCH2CH3 (1mark)
II. CH C CH3 (1mark)

2. a) The results below were obtained in an experiment conducted by form 3 students from
Tigityo Secondary school using Magnesium.
- Mass of the crucible + lid = 19.52g
- Mass of the crucible + lid + Magnesium Ribbon = 20.36g
- Mass of the crucible + lid + Magnesium oxide = 20.92g
(i) Use the results to find the percentage mass of Magnesium & Oxygen in Magnesium oxide
(2 marks)
(ii) Determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. (Mg=24.0,O=16.0) (3 marks)
b) Sodium hydroxide pellets were accidentally mixed with sodium chloride 8.8g of the
mixture were dissolved in water to make one litre of solution. 50cm3 of the solution
was neutralised by 20cm3 of 0.25M sulphuric acid.
(i) Write an equation for the reaction that took place. (1 mark)
(ii) Calculate the:
I. number of moles of the substance that reacted with sulphuric acid. (2 marks)
II. number of moles of the substance that would react with sulphuric acid in the one litre
solution (2 marks)
(iii) the percentage of sodium chloride in the mixture. (2 marks)
(H=1.0; Na=23.0; Cl=35.5; O=16.0)
3. a) Study the table below and answer the questions that follow
Bond type bond energy kJmol-1
C-C 346
C=C 610
C-H 413
C-Br 280
Br-Br 193
i) Calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction (3 marks)
C2H4(g) + Br2(g) C2H4Br2(g)
ii) Name the type of reaction that took place in (a) above (1mark)
b) Butane C4H10 cannot be prepared directly from its elements but its standard heat of formation
(∆𝐻ʄ𝜃 ) can be obtained indirectly.
The following heats of combustion are given.
∆𝐻𝐶𝜃 (Carbon) = -393kJ/mol
∆𝐻𝐶𝜃 (Hydrogen) = -286kJ/mol
∆𝐻𝐶𝜃 (Butane) =-2877kJ/mol
i) Draw an energy cycle diagram linking the heat of formation of butane with its heat of
combustion and the heat of combustion of its constituents elements. (1mark)
ii) Calculate the heat of formation of butane ∆𝐻ʄ𝜃 (C4H10) (2marks)
c) Given that the lattice enthalpy of potassium chloride is +690kJ/mol and hydration enthalpies of
K+ and Cl- are -322kJ and -364kJ respectively. Calculate the enthalpy of solution of potassium
chloride. (3 marks)
4. (a) Name two apparatuses that can be used for determining accurate volume in a
laboratory (2marks)
(b) One of the flames produced by Bunsen burner is the luminous flame
i) Explain why this flame is very bright (1mark )
ii) State two disadvantages of the luminous flame (2marks)
(c) Air is usually one of the substances that is considered as a mixture
(i) Identify the two most abundant component of air (2marks)
(ii) Give two reasons why the air is considered as a mixture (2marks)
(iii) One of the components of air is carbon (iv) oxide. Describe an experiment that can be used
to prove the presence of carbon (iv) oxide in the air (2marks)
5. The grid below forms part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements
P T V W Y M
Q S U X
R Z

a) Write the general name given to the element P belong. (1mark)
b) An element N has an atomic number of 15. Write down its electronic arrangement and hence fix
it in its right position on the grid above. (2marks)
Electronic arrangement …………………………………………………………………………
c) Compare the size of the atom of R and that of its ion. Explain your answer. (2marks)
d) Give the formula of the compound formed between (1mark)
i. P and W …………………………………………………………………………
ii. T and Y …………………………………………………………………………..
e) Compare the melting points of element Q and S. Explain (2marks)
f) State the least reactive element in the grid. Give a reason for your answer (2marks)
g) Give two advantages that element S has over element Q in making electric cables(2mks)
h) Draw (a) dot (.) and cross (x) diagram to represent the bonding in compound formed between T
and Y (2 marks)
6. The chart below represents the main steps in the large-scale manufacture of sodium carbonate.
A
Chamber X Ammoniated brine Solvay
Tower
A
CaCl2
Heat Chamber Y
Solution C
H2O (l) Slaker Heat CO2
B
CO2
Limestone Kiln
Sodium
carbonate
Name substances A and B.

A ………………………………………………………… (1 mark )
B ………………………………………………………… ( 1 mark)
(b) Write down the chemical equation leading to formation of C. (1 mark )
(c ) A stream of cold water is made to circulate around chamber X. What does this
suggest about the reaction taking place. (1 mark )
(d) Name the process that takes place in chamber Y. (1 mark)
(e) State any 2 by-products recycled in the process. (2 marks)
(f) In an experiment, wood charcoal was mixed with concentrated sulhuric (VI) acid in
a test-tube. The mixture was then placed over a Bunsen-burner flame for sometime.
(i) Write down the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place. (1 mark)
(ii) State the property of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid investigated in (i) above. (1 mark)
(g) Mention any 2 uses of sodium carbonate. ( 1 mark )
7. The set-up below can be used to generate a gas.
(a) (i) Complete the table below giving the names of substance K and L if the gases generated are
carbon (IV) oxide and carbon (II) oxide. (2marks)
Substance Carbon (IV) oxide Carbon (II) oxide
K
L
(ii) Complete the diagram to show how a sample of carbon (II) oxide can be collected. (2marks)

(iii) State two ways that can be used to distinguish carbon (IV) oxide from carbon (II) oxide?
(2 marks)
(b) (i) In an experiment, carbon (IV) oxide gas was passed over heated charcoal held in a
combustion tube. Write a chemical equation for the reaction that took place in the combustion
tube. (1 mark)
(ii) State one use of carbon (II) oxide. (1 mark)
(c) The following set ups were used by Form Two students. Study and use them to answer the
State and explain the difference in observation made in set up I and II above.(3 marks)

PREDICTION TRIAL 8
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
(a). Write your name class and class number in the spaces provided above
(b) Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided above
(c) Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
(d) Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.
(e) All working must be shown clearly where necessary.

Questions Maximum score Candidates score
1 – 27 80

Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
1 (a) What is a universal indicator? (1mark)
(b) State one advantage of universal indicator over other commercial indicators. (1mark)
2. Complete the diagram below on identification and uses of some laboratory apparatus.
Diagram
Name (a) (c)

(½ mark) (½ mark)
Purpose (b) (d)
(1mark) (1mark)
3 (a) In an experiment, sulphur was heated in a deflagrating spoon until it begins to burn then
lowered into a gas jar. Explain the observations made. (2 marks)
(b) Explain the role of oxygen in steel making. (2 marks)
4 (a) State Graham’s law of diffusion. (1mark)
(b) At what temperature, in K, assuming constant pressure, is the volume of a fixed mass of gas at
127oC doubled? (2 marks)
5 (a) Distinguish between a temporary physical change and temporary chemical change.(2 marks)
(b) In an experiment, the following substances were heated in separate test tubes. Complete the
table to state the observations and classifying the type of change that occurs. (3 marks)
Solid Observations on heating Type of change
CuSO4.5H2O
KMnO4
6. Explain how you would distinguish between ethane and ethyne. (2 marks)
7. Explain how solid calcium sulphate can be prepared from solid samples of calcium carbonate and
sodium sulphate. All other reagents and apparatus are provided. (3 marks)
8 (a)A metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce a gas. Explain how to identify the gas.
(1mark)
(b) The diagram below shows the set up used for the reaction between magnesium and steam.
(i) Explain the observations made. (2 marks)

(ii) Explain why the wet sand must be heated first before the zinc powder is heated. (1mark)
9 (a) Distinguish between covalent bond and co-ordinate bond. (2 marks)
(b) The diagram below shows the structure of a covalent compound containing the element
hydrogen, H, and the unknown elements X, Y and Z.
To which groups of the Periodic Table do these three elements, X, Y and Z, belong? (1½ marks)
10. In an experiment silicon (IV) chloride is dissolved in water in a boiling tube.
(a) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs. (1mark)
(b) Explain the observations that were made during the experiment. (3 marks)

11. A standard solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) is prepared in a 250 cm3 volumetric flask.
During a titration, 12.5 cm3 of this solution neutralizes 25 cm3 of a 0.16 moldm-3 ethanoic acid
solution.
The balanced equation for the reaction is: CH3COOH(aq) + KOH(aq) → CH3COOK(aq) + H2O(l)
Calculate the mass of potassium hydroxide used to prepare the solution above in the 250 cm3
volumetric flask. (K = 39, O = 16.0, H = 1.) (3 marks)
12. Ammonia gas was burnt in oxygen as shown in the diagram below.
(a) State the role of the glass wool. (1mark)

(b) State the observations made during the experiment. (1mark)
(c) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs. (1mark)
13. Study the following reaction at equilibrium at a certain temperature.
2SO3(g) ⇌ O2(g) + 2SO2(g) ΔH > 0
(a) State two optimum conditions for this reaction. (1mark)
(b) State two ways of increasing the yield of SO3(g). (2 marks)
14 (a) Write the equation for the reaction between chlorine and cold dilute sodium hydroxide.
(1mark)
(b) When chlorine gas reacts with hot concentrated calcium hydroxide, one of the products formed
is calcium hypochlorite (CaOCl2). This commonly referred to as bleaching powder.
Explain the bleaching action of calcium hypochlorite. (2 marks)
15. The diagram below shows an apparatus for the laboratory preparation of carbon (II) oxide.
(a) Identify two mistakes in the set up. (2 marks)

(b) Write an equation for the reaction between concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid and reagent C.
(1mark)
(c) State one use of carbon (II) oxide. (1mark)
16. The structures of four organic compounds are shown.
(a) Which compounds decolourize bromine water? (1mark)

(b) Explain one chemical test that can be used to distinguish between compounds 1 and 2.
(2 marks)
17. How does the number of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in an ester differ from the total
number of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the alcohol and carboxylic acid from which the
compound was derived? (1½ marks)

18. The diagram shows a reaction scheme.
(a) Name:
(i) Catalyst D
(ii) Reaction II
(iii) Reaction III
(iv) Compound Z (4 marks)
(b) State the observations made in step II. (1mark)
(c) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs in step III. (1mark)
19. A student performs two reactions.
 reaction 1: 10 g of magnesium ribbon with excess 2.0 mol / dm3 dilute hydrochloric acid
 reaction 2: 5 g of magnesium powder with excess 2.0 mol / dm3 dilute hydrochloric acid
In both experiments, the volume of hydrogen produced, V, is measured against time, t, and the
results plotted graphically.
(a) On the grid below, sketch a graph that would be obtained is volume of hydrogen produced is
plotted against time for both reactions1 and 2. (2 marks)
(b) Explain your answers. (2 marks)

20. A copper – zinc electrochemical cell is set up as shown below.
Lead (II) nitrate is used as an electrolyte in the salt bridge.

(a) Initially the cell did not work. Explain. (2 marks)
(b) Once the mistake identified in (a) above was corrected:
(i) Write the equation for the reaction at the anode. (1mark)
(ii) Determine the E.m.f of the cell given that: (2 marks)
Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2e; EƟ + 0.76V
Cu(s) → Cu2+(aq) + 2e; EƟ – 0.34V
21. When a solution containing silver ions is added to a solution containing iron (II) ions, an
equilibrium is set up.
2Ag+(aq) + Fe2+(aq) ⇌ 2Ag(s) + Fe3+(aq)
(Green) (Yellow)
Explain the effect of addition of silver nitrate to the equilibrium mixture. (2 marks)
22 (a) One of the ores of sodium is saltpetre. Give the formula of saltpetre. (1mark)
(b) In the Down’s cell, the anode is made of carbon while the cathode is made of steel. Steel is a
reactive electrode and would make the electrolytic process faster. Explain why it is not used at
the anode despite this advantage. (1mark)
(c) Write two equations that occur at the anode during the electrolysis process. (2 marks)
23 (a) What is half life as used in radioactivity? (1mark)
(b) A certain nuclide has a half-life of 1.5 seconds.
(i) What is a nuclide? (1mark)
(ii) What percentage of a given mass of the nuclide will be left after 7.5 hours? (2 marks)

24. The potential energy graph for a hypothetical chemical reaction is shown below.
(a) What type of reaction is taking place? (1mark)

(b) What are the correct methods to calculate ΔH and Ea? (2 marks)
25. The diagram shows the apparatus used to electrolyse lead (II) bromide using inert electrodes.
Why does the lamp light up only when the lead (II) bromide is melted? (2 marks)

PREDICTION TRIAL 8
233/2
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
(a) Write your name and class number in each of the foolscaps answer sheets.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in each of the foolscap answer sheets.
(c) Answer all the questions in this paper on one side of each foolscap.
FOR EXAMINER'S USE ONLY

Question Number Maximum score Candidate’s score
1 13
2 12
3 9
4 10
5 11
6 12
7 13
TOTAL 80

Answer all the questions in this paper
1. The diagram shows part of the Periodic Table. The letters are not the actual symbols of the
elements.
(a) Compare the reactivity between elements Q and T. (2 marks)

(b) Explain the electrical conductivity of the chloride of element T. (2 marks)
(c) Compare the melting and boiling points of elements R and S. (2 marks)
(d) Write an equation for the second ionization energy of element Q. (1mark)
(e) How does the atomic and ionic radius of each of the following elements compare?
(i) Element T. (1½ marks)
(ii)Element P (1½ marks)
(f) Compare atomic radius of elements R and Q. (1½ marks)
(g) Explain the difference in the melting points of the oxides of element Q and the oxide of element
R. (1½ marks)
2 (a) The diagram below shows the structure of an allotrope of sulphur
(i) What are allotropes? (1mark)

(ii) Identify the allotrope shown in the diagram above. (1mark)
(iii) State two properties of the allotrope above. (2 marks)
(b) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
(i) Write the equation for the reactions in:

I. step I. (1mark)
II. Step II. (1mark)
(ii) State two observations made in step II. (2 marks)
(iii) Explain the observations made in:
I. Step IV. (1½ marks)
II. Step V. (1½ marks)
(iv) State one use of gas T. (1mark)
3. Next to each letter, A to F, in the table below is the molecular formula of an organic compound.
(a) Choose a molecular formula above that represents an organic compound below. Write down
only the letter (A to F) next to the question numbers
(i) A haloalkane (½ mark)
(ii) An alcohol (½ mark)
(iii) An unsaturated hydrocarbon (½ mark)
(iv) A product of thermal cracking of compound C. (½ mark)
(b) If compound F is a carboxylic acid, write down the following:
(i) The structural formula of a functional isomer (an isomer with a different functional group) of F.
(1mark)

(ii) The IUPAC name of a functional isomer of F. (1mark)
(c) Compound B is a monomer used to make a polymer. Write down the:
(i) Definition of a polymer. (1mark)
(ii) IUPAC name of the polymer. (1mark)
(iii) Balanced equation for the polymerisation reaction (1mark)
(d) Compound A is used as a reactant in the production of compound D.
(i) Name the type of reaction that takes place. (1mark)
(ii) State two changes that can be made to the reaction conditions in (d) (i) to obtain compound B,
instead of D, as product. (2 marks)
4. The flow chart below summarizes the extraction of Zinc, study it and answer the questions that
follow.
(a) Name the process represented by A and B

A………………………………………. (2 marks)
B ……………………………………….
(b) Identify the reagents required for process B, C and D (3 marks)
B …………………………………………………….
C …………………………………………………….
D …………………………………………………….
(c) Write a chemical equation of the reaction that occurs in process B (1mark)
(d) With an aid of a diagram, explain how you would obtain a pure sample of Zinc by process E.
(2 marks)
(e) State two uses of Zinc metal (2 marks)
5 (a) The table below gives some values of standard enthalpies of formation (ΔHfƟ).
Substance F2(g) CF4(g) HF(g)
ΔHfƟ (kJmole-1) 0 – 680 – 269
The enthalpy change for the reaction C2H6(g) + 7F2(g)  2CF4(g) + 6HF(g) is –2889 kJ mol–1.
Use this value and the standard enthalpies of formation in Table 2 to calculate the standard enthalpy
of formation of C2H6(g). (3 marks)
(b) In an experiment to determine the enthalpy of solution of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid
(specific gravity = 1.84gcm-3) the following procedure was used:
- A clean 250.0 cm3 glass or plastic beaker is wrapped with a newspaper leaf.
- About 50.0 cm3 of tap water is measured into the beaker and the steady temperature noted.
- The beaker is held in a tilted position and 2.0 cm3 of and sulphuric acid added into the water
(i) Why was the beaker wrapped with newspaper leaf? (1mark)
(ii) Why was the acid added into water and not vice versa? (1mark)
(iii) Explain the reason for tilting the beaker during addition of the acid into water. (2 marks)
(iv) Calculate the molar enthalpy of solution of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid given that ∆T for
the reaction = 1oC. (Density of water = 1gcm-3; specific heat capacity of water = 4.2kJkg-1K-1).
(4 marks)
6 (a) Consider the electrochemical cell represented by the cell notation below, where X is an
unknown metal:
Pt(s) | Fe2+(aq), Fe3+(aq) || X+(aq) | X(s)
(The cell potential of this cell was found to be 0.03 V.
(i) Write down the type of electrochemical cell illustrated above. (1mark)
(ii) What does the single line (|) in the above cell notation represent? (1mark)
(iii) Write down the half-reaction that takes place at the anode in the above cell. (1mark)
(iv) Given that:
Half reaction EƟ (volts)
Fe3+(aq) + e → Fe2+(aq) + 0.77
Ag+(aq) + e → Ag(s) + 0.80
Na+(aq) + e → Na(s) – 2.87
K+(aq) + e → K(s) – 2.92

Identify X with the aid of a calculation. (2 marks)
(b) The diagram below shows the apparatus that can be used to electrolyse dilute Sulphuric acid.
Study it to answer the questions that follow.
(i) Identify the gases H and G

I. H (1mark)
II. G (1mark)
(ii) What happens to the concentration of the Sulphuric acid during the process with time? Explain
(2 marks)
(iii) During the electrolysis a current of 0.72A was passed through the electrolyte for 15 minutes.
Calculate the volume of gas H produced. (1 Faraday = 96,500C, molar gas volume = 24 dm3 at
r.t.p). (3 marks)
7 (a) (i) What is a salt? (1mark)

(ii) Write the formula of any two double salts. (1mark)
(b) A student has found that her sample of potassium nitrate is contaminated with small amounts of
a green solid. She picks out a small piece of the green solid and finds that it is insoluble in water.
(i)Describe how you would make a pure sample of potassium nitrate from the impure mixture.
(3marks)
(ii) The student believes that the green solid is copper (II) carbonate. Describe a series of 3 tests that
the student could use to confirm this. (6 marks)
Test Procedure Observations Conclusion
1
(c) In an experiment 50g of a saturated solution of a salt X was heated to dryness in an evaporating
dish. The mass of crystals when weighed gave a reading of 2.7g. Determine the solubility of the
salt. (2 marks)

PREDICTION TRIAL 9
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
 Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
 Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
 Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
 Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.
 All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.

QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1 – 31 80

1. Air passed through several reagents as shown below
I II III
Concentrated Heated excess Heated excess

potassium copper turnings magnesium
hydroxide solution powder.
Gas
collected
a) What is the role of conc potassium hydroxide? (1mk)

b) Write an equation that takes place in step III with Magnesium powder. (1mk)
c) Name one gas that was collected from the process. (1mk)
2. Name two examples of physical changes. (2mks)
3. A gas at 270C and 750mmHg pressure was found to occupy 360cm3. Calculate the temperature at
which the same mass of gas will occupy twice the volume at a pressure of 1000mmHg. (2mks)
4. a) In the equation below, identify the reagent that acts as a base. (1mk)
H2O2(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + HO2-(aq)
b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above (1mk)
5. a) When left in the open air, anhydrous calcium chloride increases in mass. Explain (1mk)
b) What name is given to the process in a above? (1mk)
6. Study the chart below and answer the questions that follow.
Solid sodium chloride Conc. Gas A AgNO3(aq) White precipitate

H2SO4
a) Identify
i) Gas A (1mk)
ii) White precipitate. (1mk)
b) Write an ionic equation for the formation of white precipitate. (1mk)

7. A student was supplied with a colourless liquid suspected to be water. Describe a chemical test
that would be carried out to show that the liquid was water. (1mk)
8. In an experiment to determine solubility of sodium chloride, 13.2g of saturated sodium chloride
solution at 180C was evaporated to dryness. 3.6g of the salt was left after complete evaporation of
water.Determine the solubility of sodium chloride at 180C. (3mks)
9. a) State Graham’s law of diffusion. (1mk)
A volume of 120cm3 of nitrogen gas diffused through a membrane in 40 seconds, how long will
240cm3 of carbon (IV) Oxide take to diffuse through the membrane under the same conditions
(2mks)
10. A student was carrying out an experiment using Barium sulphate. The salt accidentally got mixed
up with sodium sulphate. Describe how the student would get a dry sample of Barium sulphate.
(3mks)
11. The diagram below represents the Frasch process. Study it and answer the questions that follow
A
B
C
Sulphur
deposit
a) Name;
A ( ½mk)
B ( ½mk)
C ( ½mk)
b) Why is C pumped to the Sulphur deposit. ( ½ mk)
c) Which property of sulphur enables it to be extracted by the method above. (1mk)
12. An element A has two isotopes 50A and 52A. The relative atomic mass of A is 51.5
i) Determine the percentage abundance of each isotope. (2mks)
ii) Define the term isotopy (1mk)
13. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow. The letters are not the actual
chemical symbols of the elements.
Element Atomic number Atomic mass
W 20 40
X 9 19
Y 10 20
Z 17 35.5
i) Identify elements that belong to the same group and give a reason. (2mks)
ii) Which element is a metal. (1mk)
14. Study the information given in the table below and answer the questions that follow
Bond C-H Cl - Cl C - Cl H - Cl
Average bond enthalpy (KJmol-1) 414 244 326 431
Breaking of bond)
a) Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction (3mks)
CH4(g) + Cl2(g) uv light CH3Cl(g) + HCl(g)
b) Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic?
Explain your answer. (1mk)
15. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow
Black solid C Dilute HNO3 Blue solution D
Step 3
Step 1
Green solid A Heat
Colourless gas B Lime water White precipitate

E
Step 2

a) Write the chemical formulae of the following;
i) Green solid A (1mk)
ii) White precipitate E (1mk)
b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction taking place in the following steps.
i) Step 1 ( ½ mk)
ii) Step 3 ( ½ mk)
16. Soap solution was added to the three samples of water and the amount of soap required to form
lather with 1 litre of each sample of water before and after boiling was recorded as shown below.
I II III
Volume of soap before water is boiled 30 5 12
Volume of soap after boiling 30 5 5
a) Explain the change in the volume of soap solution used in experiment III. (1mk)
b) Why was the volume of soap used in experiment II so low. (1mk)
17. a) State Avogadro’s law (1mk)
b) 100cm3 of hydrogen was mixed with 300cm3 of chlorine and the mixture allowed to react.
Determine the maximum volume of hydrogen chloride gas that would form. (2mks)
18. The table below shows the tests that were carried out on solid R and the observations made
Test Observations
i)Solid R was heated. Solid R turned from white to yellow.
ii)Dilute hydrochloric acid was added to Colourless solution was formed.
solid R. A white precipitate was formed which dissolved to
iii)To the colourless solution obtained in form a colourless solution.
test II excess sodium hydroxide solution
was added.
Write the formula of cation in;
a) Solid N (1mk)
b) Colourless solution formed in test III (1mk)
19. The diagram below is a set up of apparatus used during electrolysis of molten copper(II) iodide
Electrode X
Electrode Y
Copper(II)iodide
Copper(II)iodide
i) List all ions present in the electrolyte. (2mks)

ii) Write half equations for reactions in electrodes;
a) X (1mk)
b) Y
20. 2.4 g of magnesium were reacted with excess dilute hydrochloric acid at room temperature and
pressure. Calculate the volume of hydrogen that was formed (Molar gas volume at R.T.P =
24dm3 Mg = 24) (3mks)
21. Write the chemical formula of sodium sulphate. (1mk)
22. Sulphuric (VI) acid is manufactured using the contact process.
a) State the catalyst used in the process. (1mk)
b) State the optimum conditions for the process. (1mk)
c) Explain how environmental pollution by the process is minimized. (1mk)
23. A student had 2 g of sodium hydroxide and z grammes of sulphuric (VI) acid. Which of the
compound contain more of hydrogen atoms. (3mks)
(H =1, S = 32, O = 16, Na =23)
24. State and explain the observations made when concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid is added to
glucose. (2mks)
25. Name an ion which must be present in acidic solution. (1mk)
26. Dry blue litmus paper was put into a gas jar of dry hydrogen chloride gas. State and explain the
observations made. (2mks)

27. 250cm3 of water was added to 300cm3 of 2M sulphuric vi acid. determine the new concentration
of the solution (2mks)
28. Liquid P and Q mix forming a solution and have different boiling points.
i) Name a suitable method of separation that would be used to separate the two liquids. (1mk)
ii) What property makes it possible to separate the two liquids P and Q. (1mk)
29. Describe a chemical test for chlorine. (2mks)
30. Describe how zinc sulphate crystals can be prepared. (2mks)
31. Use the information in the table to answer questions that follow. (The letters are not the actual
chemical symbols of the element)
Element Atomic radius (nm) Ionic radius (nm)
M 0.158 0.097
N 0.202 0.132
L 0.133 0.061
a) Do these elements belong to a metallic or a non – metallic group? Give a reason. (2mks)
b) Which element is the most reactive? Explain. (1mk)
32. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
A
B
C
D
a) Name the flame above (1mk)

b) Name parts A,B,C and D of the flame (2mks)
PREDICTION TRIAL 9
233/2
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
1.Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above.
2. Sign and write the date of the examination in space provided.
3.Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
4. All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
5. Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1 14
2 10
3 14
4 11
5 10
6 10
7 11
TOTAL SCORE 80
1. The grid given below represents part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that
follow. The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
A
B G H E
J I L C
D M
Y
(i) What name is given to the family of elements to which A and C belong? (1 mark )
(ii) Write the chemical formula of the sulphate of element D. (1 mark )
(iii) Which letter represents the most reactive ( 2 marks )
(a) Metal
(b) Non-metal
(iv) Name the bond formed when B and H react. Explain your answer. (2 marks )
(v) Select one element that belong to period 4. ( 1 mark )
(vi) Ionic radius of element E is bigger than the atomic radius. Explain. (2 marks )
(vii) The electron configuration of a divalent anion of element N is 2.8.8. Induce the
Position of element N on the periodic table drawn above. (1 mark )
(viii) The oxide of G has a lower melting point than the oxide of L. Explain. ( 1 mark )
(ix) How do the atomic radii of I and C compare. Explain. ( 2 marks )
(x)Explain the trend in the 1st ionization energies of the elements J, I and L. (1mark )
2 a) Define the following terms
i) Saturated solution (1mk)
ii) Fractional crystallization (1mk)
b) Solubility of salt X and Y were determined at different temperatures as shown in the following
data.
Temperature (ºC) 0 20 40 60 80 100
Solubility of 100g of water X 12 30 75 125 185 250
Y 15 20 35 45 65 80
i. On the grid provided, plot a graph of solubility (vertical axis) against temperature. (4mks)
ii. From the graph determine the solubility of each at 50ºC.
X ……………………………………………………….. (1mk)
Y ………………………………………………………… (1mk)
iii. At what temperature was the solubility of both salts equal. (1mk)
b)i. What is permanent hardness of water? (1mk)
3. The flow chart below illustrates two industrial processes. Haber and contact processes each with
air as one of the starting materials and other chemical reactions.
AIR Nitrogen B D
Harber
process
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Sulphur dioxide C Sulphuric

A acid
Water
Contact
process
a) (i) Give the name of the process by which air is separated into oxygen and nitrogen.(1 mk)
(ii) Apart from oxygen and nitrogen gas produced from process a(i) name any other gas
produced in the process above. (1 mk)
b) Name the substances which are represented by the letter. (4 mks)
A…………………………….. B……………………………………..
C …………………………. D………………………………………
c) Name the catalyst used in;
(i) The Haber process (1 mk)
(ii) The contact process (1 mk)
(iii) Explain the role of the catalyst in both the Haber and contact process. (2 mks)
d) (i) Write a balanced equation for formation of compound D. (1 mk)
(ii) Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen present in compound D
(N = 14.0, H = 1.0, S = 32.0, O = 16.0) (2 mks)
(iii) Give one use of compound D. (1 mk)

4. A student set-up the arrangement below to prepare and collect dry hydrogen gas
(a) Identify two errors from the section of the arrangement shown above (2mks)
I: …………………………………………………………………………………………………
II:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Complete the diagram to show how dry hydrogen gas can be collected. (2mks)
(c) (i) Explain why hydrogen was collected by the method shown above (1mk)
(ii)Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that takes place when hydrogen gas is burnt
in air. (1mk)
(e) Determine the relative atomic mass of zinc, given that when 6.54g of zinc was used, 2.4litres of
hydrogen gas was produced. (Molar gas volume = 24 litres) (3mks)
(c) State any two non-industrial uses of hydrogen gas (2mks)
5. The diagram below shows an experiment set-up to investigate a property of carbon (ii) oxide. Study
it and answer the questions that follow.
a) Name one condition that is missing in the set up that must be present if the experiment to proceed.
1mark
b) If the experiment was carried out properly. What observation would be made in the combustion
tube? 1mark
c) Give an equation for the reaction that occurs in the combustion tube. 1 mark
d) Give an equation for the reaction that takes place as gas x burns. 1 marks
e) Why is it necessary to burn gas x? 1mk
f) Name the reducing and oxidizing agent. 2marks
(i) Reducing agent
(ii) Oxidising agent
g) Identify any other substance that would have the same effect on copper (ii) oxide as carbon (ii)
oxide. 1mark
h) What would happen if copper (ii) oxide was replaced with sodium oxide? Explain 2mark
6. Dry chlorine was collected using the set up below.
Moist blue litmus paper
a) Name a suitable drying agent for chlorine gas? (1mark)

b) State one property of chlorine gas which facilitates this method of collection. 1mark
c) State the observations made on the moist blue litmus paper. (2marks)
d) Chlorine gas was bubbled through distilled water. With aid of an equation show the formation of
chlorine water. (1mark)
e) Write the formula of the compounds formed when chlorine gas reacts with warm dry phosphorous.
(2marks)
f) Chlorine gas is mixed with moist hydrogen sulphide gas, state and explain the observations
(2marks)
g) Give one use of chlorine gas. 1mark

7. Fractional distillation of air is used in the industrial manufacture of oxygen. The diagram below
shows the process.
Dust particles Liquid S
Air
A B M Substance T
Dry air
Sodium Carbonate Compressor

solution
X
Nitrogen boiling
D
point- 1960C
Fractional
Argon boiling distillation
point -1860C
R
Oxygen boiling
point - 1960C
a) What processes are taking place in chamber A,B,M and D 2marks

b) Name;
(i) Liquid S (1mk)
(ii) Substance T (1mk)
c) Explain why part Y in chamber D is curved? 1mark
d) Give two industrial uses of oxygen gas? (2marks)
e) In the laboratory preparation of oxygen, manganese (iv) oxide and hydrogen peroxide are used.
Write an equation to show how oxygen gas is formed. 1mark
f) An investigation was carried out using the set-up below. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.
R T
S
Air Air
Air
Nail
Oil
Water
Anhydrous
Nail calcium Boiled water
chloride Nail
(i) State and explain what will happen in the three test-tubes R, S and T after seven days. 2marks
(ii) Give one reason why some metals are electroplated. 1mark

PREDICTION TRIAL 10
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
(a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
(d) KNEC Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used for calculations.
FOR EXAMINERS’ USE ONLY.

Questions Max-score Candidates score
1-31 80

1. Study the set-up shown below and use it to answer the questions that follow.
Copper oxide
Liquid droplets
Flame
Dry hydrogen
gas
Point(s)
Heat Anhydrous cobalt II

Chloride
Clamp
(a) State the observations made at the end of the experiment on:
(i) The cobalt II chloride papers. (1 mark)
(ii) Copper II oxide powder. (1 mark)
(b) (i) Why was excess hydrogen ignited? (1 mark)
(ii) Write a fully balanced equation for the reaction occurring at the flame at point(s).(1 mark)
2. A student used the reaction between steam and heated magnesium metal to collect a dry sample
of hydrogen gas. Complete the diagram to collect the gas. (3 marks)
Write the equation for the reaction producing the hydrogen gas in the above reaction. (1 mk)

3. The following diagram represents a set-up showing how changes of state from solid to liquid
could be investigated.
Q
P
Boiling tube
Beaker Water
Heat
(a) Identify the apparatus P and Q and state their uses. (2 marks)
4. (a) Define the term “Gay Lussac’s law”. (1 mark)
(b) When 100cm3 of gaseous hydrocarbon (Cx Hy) burn in 400cm3 of oxygen,
100cm3 of oxygen is unused, 200cm3 of steam are formed. Deduce the equation for the reaction and
the formula of the hydrocarbon. (2 marks)
5. If it takes 30 seconds for 100cm3 of carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse across a porous plate. How long
will it take 150cm3 of nitrogen (IV) oxide to diffuse across the same plate under similar
conditions? (C = 12.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0) (2 marks)
6. Define Charles’ law. (1 mark)
7. The table below shows the solubility of a salt at various temperatures.
Temperature oC Solubility (g/100g water)
0 36
40 30
80 25
100 22
120 20
(a) Define the term fractional crystallization. (1 mark)

(b) A saturated solution of the salt at 400C was heated to 1000C. State and explain the
observation made. (2 marks)
(c) Calculate the mass of salt formed when a saturated solution of the salt at 00C is placed in a water
bath maintained at 1000C. (1 mark)
8. The structures below are a representation of cleansing agents M and N.
R 𝑂𝑆𝑂3− 𝑁𝑎+ 𝑅 − 𝐶𝑂𝑂 − 𝑁𝑎+
M N
(i) Identify the agents. (1 mark)
M -
N -
(ii) Write an equation for the compound formed when agent N is used with water containing calcium
nitrate salt. (1 mark)
(iii) A water engineer analyzed water from a borehole and found out that it contained
magnesium chloride impurities. State any two methods used to make the water suitable for
washing using agent N. (1 mark)
9. Calculate the percentage abundance of two other isotopes of element A with three isotopes, (30,
32, 35). Given that the R.A.M is 30.5 and percentage abundance of 35 is 5%. (2 marks)
10. An element Z has ionic configuration of 𝑍 + − 2.8. The element is burned in excess oxygen and
the product is then added to water. Write two possible equation for the reactions which took
place. (2 marks)
11. Phosphorus (III) oxide has a lower melting point than calcium chloride. Explain. (2 marks)
12. Describe how you would prepare silver carbonate starting with silver. (3 marks)
13. Use the table below to determine the enthalpy change for the reaction between hydrogen and
chlorine. (3 marks)
Bond Bond Energy kJ/mole
H–H 435
H – Cl 431
Cl – Cl 244

14. Explain why hydrogen sulphide cannot be used as a fuel, though it can burn to give out useful
heat energy. (1 mark)
15. (a) Explain why cryolite is added to aluminium oxide before electrolysis. (1 mark)
(b) During electrolysis 40,000 amperes was passed through a Hall cell for 10 hrs. Calculate the mass
of aluminium deposited at the cathode in kg.
(IF = 96500C, Al = 27) (3 marks)
16. (a) Define the term half-life. (1 mark)
(b) A certain nuclide has a half-life of 2.5 hours. What percentage of a given mass of the nuclide
will be left after 7.5 hrs? (2 marks)
17. Explain how increase in temperature affects the rate of a given reaction. (2 marks)
18. Write down the preliminary steps undertaken to concentrate an ore during extraction of metals.
(2 marks)
19. Write down the formula of the chief ore of Aluminium. (1 mark)
20. Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid was added to a compound P of magnesium. The solid reacted with the
acid to form a colourless solution Q and a colourless gas R which formed a white precipitate
when bubbled through lime water. Identify: (1 ½ marks)
(a) compound P -
(b) solution Q -
(c) colourless gas R -
21. During an experiment on the reduction of an oxide of copper, the following data was obtained.
Mass of empty boat = 25.0g
Mass of empty boat + oxide of copper = 29.0g
Mass of boat + copper (after reaction) = 28.2g
Determine the empirical formula. (3 marks)
(Cu = 64, O = 16)
22. Calculate the number of atoms in 26.4g of calcium carbonate.
(Ca = 40, C = 12, O = 16, L = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 ) (2 marks)
23. Lead (II) nitrate was heated completely.
(a) Write an equation for heating lead (II) nitrate. (1 mark)
(b) Calculate the mass of the oxide formed given that 0.2 moles of the nitrate was heated. (Pb =
207, O = 16) (2 marks)
24. Draw and name two branched isomers of the compound whose chemical
formula is 𝐶5 𝐻12 . (2 marks)
25. (a) Complete the following table based on organic compounds. (1 mark)
Compound Reagents needed for preparation
(i) Ethyne
(ii) Ethane
(b) Write chemical equations to represent the reaction in (a) above. (2 marks)
(i)
(ii)
(c)An organic substance (Q) reacted with ethanoic acid to form pleasant smelling compound
𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻𝑂𝑂𝐶𝐻2 𝐶𝐻2 𝐶𝐻3 .
(i) What conditions will be required to form the product? (1 mark)
(ii) If another compound with a chemical formulas 𝐶3 𝐻6 has to be formed from compound Q,
what would be the conditions required in this process. (1 mark)
26. (a)Give the formula of the Monomer used during the formation of the following polymer.
(1 mark)
H H H H
C C C C
Cl H Cl H
(b) State any use of the polymer in (a) above. (1 mark)
(c) Other than using universal indicator explain how one can differentiate between the following
chemicals.
Propanol and propanoic acid. (1 mark)
27. The melting points of oxygen and sulphur are -2160C and 1130C respectively yet the two
elements belong to group VI in the periodic table. Explain. (2 marks)

28. Which type of Sulphur is formed under the following conditions?
Conditions Type of Sulphur
(i) Above 960
( ½ mark)
(ii) Pouring boiling Sulphur into cold water
( ½ mark)
(iii) Rapidly cooling Sulphur vapour
( ½ mark)
(iv) Mixing sodium thiosulphate with dilute
hydrochloric acid ( ½ mark)
29. When dry chlorine is passed over heated iron in a combustion tube, a brown solid forms on the
cooler parts of the combustion tube.
(i) Name the brown solid. (1 mark)
(ii) Why does the brown solid form on the cooler parts of the combustion? (1 mark)
(iii) What will be the pH of the solution formed when the brown solid is dissolved in water?
(1 mark)
(iv)Chlorine gas is poisonous yet it is used to treat water. Explain. (1 mark)
30. The diagrams below show the apparatus used to investigate one of the properties of carbon.
Boiling tube A Boiling tube B
Copper II oxide /
Aluminium oxide
carbon mixture
/ carbon mixture
Heat Heat
State and explain the observations made in each boiling tube. (2 marks)
31. The diagrams below show the apparatus used to investigate the properties of carbon IV oxide
gas.
Deflagrating spoon
Gas Jar Q Gas Jar X
CO2(g) Carbon IV oxide
Burning Mg
Burning sulphur
(i) State and explain the observations made in each gas jar. (2 marks)
(ii) State one industrial use of carbon (IV) oxide. (1 mark)

PREDICTION TRIAL 10
233/2
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME…………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..
(a) Write your name, school and index number in the spaces provided above.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the space provided above.
(c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
(d) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.

1 12
2 10
3 10
4 10
5 12
6 13
7 13
Total score 80
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.

1. Below is part of periodic table with elements shown. The letters are not actual chemical symbols.
Use it to answer question that follow.
P C D E
F G B H
Z
(i) What is the most likely nature of the solution formed by the oxide of Z? (1mk)
(ii) Chose a letter representing the most electronegative element. (1mk)
(iii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between B and oxygen. (1mk)
(iv) Compare the reactivity of C and D. Explain your answer (2mks)
(v) An element Q has mass number 40 and 22 protons. What is the position of Q on the grid? (1mk)
(b) Study the information given and use it to answer the questions that follow
Formula NaCl MgCl2 AlCl3 SiCl4 PCl3 SCl2
Boiling point (0C) 1470 1420 ___ 60 75 60
Melting point (0C) 800 710 Sublimes at -70 -90 -80
1800C
(i) Name the physical state of SiCl4 at room temperature (1mk)

(ii) Although Aluminium and magnesium are metals, AlCl3 has a much lower melting point than
MgCl2. Explain this observation. (2mks)
(iii) Explain why the melting point of SiCl4, PCl3 and SCl2 are low. (1mk)
2. The table below gives reduction potentials obtained when half cells are connected to a standard
half cell. Study it to answer questions that follow.
Electrode reactions E°/volts
V2+(aq) + 2e- V(s) +0.56
+ -
X (aq) + e X(S) -2.97
Y+(s) + e- Y(s) 2.71
+ -
W (aq) + e W(S) +0.80
2+ -
Z (aq) + 2e Z(s) -2.85
2+ - -
R (aq) 2e R(s) 0.76
2P+ + 2e- P2(s) 0.00

a) Select two half cells which would produce the highest e.m.f. Determine the e.m.f that would be
produced. (2mks)
b) Write down the cell representation of the cell formed in (a) above. (1mk)
c) From the standard electrode potentials given select any two elements that can be used as the
sacrificial metal in electroplating of R. (2mks)
d) A steady current of 0.2A was passed through solution of X and Y ions for 2 hours. 16g of X and
0.0474g of Y were deposited.
(i) Determine the relative atomic mass of X if the formula of chloride of X is XCI (F 6500C, Y =
63.5) (3mks)
(ii) Hence or otherwise determine the charge on Y. (l mk)
e) State one use of a salt bridge, (1 mk)
3. In an experiment, 1.0 grams of an alloy of copper and magnesium were reacted with excess 4M
hydrochloric acid, and the gas collected measured at different time intervals. The results were
recorded as shown below.
a) (i) Write an equation for the chemical reaction taking place. (1mk)
Time in minutes Total volume of gas in / cm3
0 0
1 220
2 410
3 540
4 620
5 640
6 640
7 640
ii) Plot a graph of the volume of the gas (verticals axis) against time ( horizontal axis) (3mks)
(b) Using the graph determine
i) The rate of reaction at 2 ½ minutes. (1mk)
ii) The volume of the gas at the end of 3 ½ minutes. (1mk)
c) The synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen is carried out in the Haber process using
the equation below.
N2(g) + 3H2 2NH3(g) H°=-92kJ mol-1
(i) What information is given by the thermochemical equation above? (1mk)

(ii) Explain how an increase in temperature would affect other yield of ammonia. (2mks)
(iii) Explain how can a increase in pressure would affect the equilibrium of the mixture.(2mks)
4. Study the scheme below and answer the questions that follow.
(a) State the sources of the substance X and Y. (2mks)

(b) Identify the catalyst used in step I and how it is made to be effective. (1mk)
(c) Name the substance A, B, C and E. (2mks)
(d) Write the chemical equations that shows
(i) The formation of substance C. (1mk)
(ii) The reaction between substance C and copper metal. (1mk)
(e) Describe a chemical test for gas E. (1mk)
(f) (i) State one economic use of substance F. (1mk)
(ii) Name the optimum conditions for the production ammonia gas. (1mk)

5. (a) Study the diagram below and use it to answer the questions that follow.
(i) Name liquid:

P…………………………………………………………………………. (1mk)
M………………………………………………………………………… (1mk)
(ii) What is the function of concentrated sulphuric(VI) acid in the set-up? (1mk)
(iii) Suggest a suitable reagent that can be used as solid W. (1mk)
(iv) State the role of solid W in the set-up. (1mk)
(v) Explain why solid Q collect further away from heated aluminium metal. (1mk)
(vi) In the reaction above, 0.645g of aluminium metal reacted completely with 1800cm3 of chlorine
gas at room temperature. Determine the molecular formula of solid Q, given that its relative
formula mass is 267 (Al = 27.0, Cl = 35.5, molar volume of gas at r.t.p. is 24.0 litres) (3mks)
(b) The flow chart below shows part of an analysis of a mixture that contains two salts.
(i) What condition is necessary for the process in step I to take place? (1mk)
(ii) Draw a well labeled set-up of apparatus that could be used to separate the mixtures formed in
step II. (2mks)
(a)Use the bond energies given in the table below to calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction.
C2H6 (g) + Br2 (g) 
 C2H5Br(g) + HBr(g) (2mks)
Bond C–H C – Br Br – Br H – Br
(b) Bond energy kJ/mol 413 280 193 365
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes according to the equation given below;
H2O2 (l) 
 H2O(l) + ½ O2 (g) ; ΔH = -98 kJ/mol
If 6.8g of hydrogen peroxide contained in 75 cm3 of solution with water were completely
decomposed, determine the rise in temperature due to the reaction. (2mks)
(Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 Jg-1K-1, density of water = 1 g/cm3, O = 16, H = 1)
(c) On the space provided below sketch the cooling curve that would be obtained when a
boiling tube containing water at 80oC is immersed in a freezing mixture maintained at -10oC. (3mks)
(d) Butane C4H10 cannot be prepared directly from its elements but its standard heat of formation
(ΔHθf) can be obtained indirectly. The following heats of combustion are given.
ΔHθC carbon (s) = -393 kJ/mol
ΔHθC H2 (g) = -286 kJ/mol
ΔHθC C4H10 = -2877 kJ/mol
(i) Draw an energy cycle diagram linking the heat of formation of butane with its heat of
combustion and the heat of combustion of its constituent elements. (2mks)
(ii) Calculate heat of formation of butane ΔHθf (C4H10). (2mks)
(e)Given that the lattice enthalpy of potassium chloride is +690 kJ/mol and hydration enthalpies of
K+ and Cl- are -322 kJ and -364 kJ respectively. Calculate the enthalpy of solution of potassium
chloride. (2mks)
6. a) An aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide decomposes according to the equation
2H2O2(l) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
This reaction is fast at 200C in the presence of manganese (IV) oxide.
(i) What is the role of manganese (IV) oxide in the reaction. (1mk)
(ii) Sketch graphs on the same grid provided below showing how the volume of oxygen (vertical
axis) varies with

I. Time when 0.5g of manganese (IV) oxide is mixed with; 100cm3 hydrogen peroxide solution,
label this curve A. (1mk)
II. Time when the same experiment is repeated at 300C, label this curve B. (1mk)
Volume of oxygen
Time
(b) (i) Write the equation for the manufacture of ammonia hence explain how the increase in
pressure affects the position of the equilibrium. (2mks)
(ii) The reaction in b(i) above is exothermic, what is the effect of raising temperature on the
equilibrium position? (1mk)
6. a) Give the names of the following compounds.
(i) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH .……………………………………………………… (1mk)
(ii) CH3-COO-CH2-CH3……………………………………………………….. (1mk)
b).One of the two formulae in (a) above represents a sweet smelling compound. Give the names of
the two organic compounds that can be used to prepare this compound in the laboratory. (2mks)
c), Ethane and Ethene react with Bromine according to the following equations given below:
i. C2 H6  g   Br2 g   C2 H5 Brl   HBr g 
ii. C2 H4  g   Br2 g   C2 H4 Br2 l 
Name the type of bromination reaction taking place in

(i)……………………………………………………………………………… (1mk)
(ii)……………………………………………………………………………. (1mk)
d) A certain polymer has the following structure
CH CH2 CH CH2
C5H5 C6H5 n
What is meant by polymerization? (1mk)
The end
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KCSE 2023 REPLICA

Series of Exclusive Set of Expected Questions Predicted in the

A REPLICA OF QUESTIONS TO EXPECT IN FINAL KCSE 2023 EXAMS.

For Marking Schemes

SUCCESS TO ALL CANDIDATES

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided

Hot platinum wire

State and explain the observations made. (3marks)

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

Concentrated Excess heated Excess heated

a) What is the purpose of concentrated potassium hydroxide solution? (1mark)

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

a) Explain the observation made (2marks)

18. Explain giving reasons why?

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

a) Identify the grey solid. (1mark)

KCSE 2023 REPLICA EXAMS

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

a) Which element forms an ion of charge - 2? Explain your answer 2marks

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

(i) O2(g) + catalyst STEP I

Cu(S) S (S) STEP III

CuO Solution Brown fumes

5. Dry chlorine was collected using the set up below.

a) Name a suitable drying agent for chlorine gas? 1mark

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

Dust particles Liquid S

a) What processes are taking place in chamber A,B,M and D 2marks

Step II Conc. H2SO4

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

KCSE 2023 REPLICA EXAMS

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

QUESTIONS TOTAL STUDENT’S

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

(a) Define the term “Solubility of salt” (1mk)

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

Step (I) Froth floatation,

a) In step 1, excess 3M hydrochloric acid was added to 0.5g of Zinc powder

Element Electronic configuration Ionization energy KJmol-1

i. What is meant by ionization energy? (1mk)

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

a) What do ∆H1 and ∆H2 represent? (1mk)

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………..

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

Thermometer Ethene gas

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

air Filtration and

(i) Explain why wet sand is heated. (1mk)

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.

(i)Heating solid zinc

Soft water out

A solution 9g of P and 14g of Q in 100g of water at 20 0 C is warmed while stirring up to 5o0C.

(i) Explain why

©2023 The Kenya National Examinations Council.