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  • THE MISSION Chandrayan 3.

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    Disha Chauhan
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    Chandrayaan-3 was India's third lunar mission, which successfully soft-landed on the moon in 2023. This made India the fourth nation to carry out a soft landing on the lunar surface. The mission aimed to demonstrate a safe landing and operate a rover on the moon's surface to perform scientific experiments. However, the mission had to conclude early due to the lunar night, which caused the solar-powered rover to stop functioning as the area plunged into darkness for around 14 Earth days. Overall, Chandrayaan-3 was a major success for India's space program.

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    Chandrayaan-3 was India's third lunar mission, which successfully soft-landed on the moon in 2023. This made India the fourth nation to carry out a soft landing on the lunar surface. The mission aimed to demonstrate a safe landing and operate a rover on the moon's surface to perform scientific experiments. However, the mission had to conclude early due to the lunar night, which caused the solar-powered rover to stop functioning as the area plunged into darkness for around 14 Earth days. Overall, Chandrayaan-3 was a major success for India's space program.

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    17 views2 pages

    THE MISSION Chandrayan 3.

    Uploaded by

    Disha Chauhan
    Chandrayaan-3 was India's third lunar mission, which successfully soft-landed on the moon in 2023. This made India the fourth nation to carry out a soft landing on the lunar surface. The mission aimed to demonstrate a safe landing and operate a rover on the moon's surface to perform scientific experiments. However, the mission had to conclude early due to the lunar night, which caused the solar-powered rover to stop functioning as the area plunged into darkness for around 14 Earth days. Overall, Chandrayaan-3 was a major success for India's space program.

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    THE MISSION Chandrayan -3

    BY Disha CHAUHAN

    India planned to soft-land on the moon as part of its goal. India made its second
    attempt at a moon landing. A mechanical malfunction caused the Vikram lander
    of Chandrayaan-2 to crash onto the moon's surface in 2019.

    The Chandrayaan-3's equipment was modified by scientists from the Indian Space
    Research Organisation (ISRO) after they learned from the crash-landing of
    Chandrayaan-2.

    With Chandrayaan-3's gentle landing on the moon, India became the fourth
    country to successfully land on the moon, following the US, China, and the Soviet
    Union. It's noteworthy that Russia tried a lunar landing on August 20, 2023. Still,
    the Luna-25 spacecraft went out of control and struck the lunar surface.

    One of the main goals of Chandrayaan-3 was to find water. Scientists believe that
    ice might exist in the permanently shadowed craters near the moon's south pole,
    which could be crucial for future human habitation. Examining the lunar surface
    and conducting experiments, the Pragyan rover was called after the Sanskrit word
    for "wisdom" when it was deployed.

    The two main parts of the spacecraft LVM3 are the propulsion module and the
    lander rover module. The propulsion module's primary job is to transport the
    cargo of the lander and rover to the moon.

    Space is a hostile environment due to ionizing radiation and high vacuum. Space
    missions require meticulous planning, design, testing, analysis, and assessment at
    every stage of development since there are no possibilities for in-situ repairs. The
    sensors required to determine the satellite's orientation in orbit, including as
    velocimeters and sun, star, and laser-based altimeters, were provided by the
    Laboratory for Electro-optics Systems (LEOS).

    Lander payloads: The Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) measures the
    seismic activity surrounding the landing site; the Langmuir Probe (LP) estimates
    the plasma density and its fluctuations; and Chandra's Surface Thermophysical
    Experiment (ChaSTE) measures the temperature and thermal conductivity.
    Rover payloads: The laser-induced breakdown spectrum (LIBS) and the alpha
    particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS) are used to determine the elemental
    composition of the area around the landing site.

    This lander is called Vikram, and the rover is dubbed Pragyan, the same as in
    Chandrayaan-2. The lander separates from the propulsion module as soon as it
    approaches the moon and gently touches down on its surface. The rover will
    crawl across the moon's surface to carry out studies, and it is outfitted with a
    number of instruments. These include investigating subsurface heat conduction,
    examining the moon's soil, and keeping an eye out for lunar earthquakes.

    The following are Chandrayaan-3's mission objectives:

    • To demonstrate a safe and delicate landing on the moon.


    • In order to showcase Wandering Rover on the moon and
     To conduct in-situ scientific experiments.

    Nevertheless, the lunar night forced the mission's conclusion. This is a phase that
    lasts around 14 Earth days, or one lunar day, during which the moon's surface is
    not exposed to the sun. The area gets dark during this period, making it hard for
    the solar-powered Pragyan rover to function.

    The moon's rotation, which lasts for around 28 days on Earth, causes the lunar
    night. Similar to how Earth's tilt causes it to have longer summer days and shorter
    winter days, the moon rotates with half of its surface in direct sunlight and the
    other half in complete darkness.

    Chandrayaan-3 was a major success for India. The project has garnered
    international attention as well because of the possible riches in the moon's South
    Pole area, which several nations and corporate enterprises are eager to explore.

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