10.1 Science Notebook (Answer Key)

10 Stoichiometry
ENCOUNTER THE PHENOMENON

Write the Encounter the Phenomenon question for this module.
How much carbon dioxide did this field of corn need to grow?
Use the “What I Know” column to list the things you know about the Encounter the Phenomenon
question. Then list the questions you have about the Encounter the Phenomenon question in the
“What I Want to Find Out” column. As you read the module, fill in the “What I Learned” column.
K W L
What I Know What I Want to Find Out What I Learned
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education
Science Notebook • Stoichiometry

167
Stoichiometry
1 Defining Stoichiometry
REVIEW Recall the definition of the Review Vocabulary term.
VOCABULARY
reactant the starting substance in a chemical reaction
reactant
NEW VOCABULARY Define each New Vocabulary term.

stoichiometry
stoichiometry the study of quantitative relationships between amounts
mole ratio
of reactants used and products formed by a chemical reaction
mole ratio a ratio between the numbers of moles of any two substances
in a balanced chemical equation
Explain the importance of the law of conservation of mass in chemical

reactions.
The law of conservation of mass states that matter is neither created nor
destroyed. Bonds in a chemical reaction break and reform to produce
products, but the amount of matter at the end of the reaction is the same
as it was at the beginning. This is seen in a chemical reaction when the
same number of each type of atom exists on both sides of the equation.
Get It? List the types of relationships that can be derived from the
coefficients in a balanced chemical equation.

The coefficients in a balanced equation represent the number of
representative particles as well as the number of moles of particles.
Because masses can be derived from the coefficients by converting the
known mole quantities to mass, mass relationships can also be written.

168
1 Defining Stoichiometry (continued)
Summarize Fill in the blanks to help you take notes while you read
Example Problem 1.
Problem
Interpret the equation in terms of representative particles, moles ,
and mass . Show that the law of conservation of mass is observed .
1. Analyze the Problem

Known: C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
Unknown: The equation in terms of molecules = ?

The equation in terms of moles = ?
The equation in terms of mass = ?
2. Solve for the Unknown
The coefficients indicate the number of molecules .

The coefficients indicate the number of moles .
Use the space below to calculate the mass of each reactant and
each product. Multiply the number of moles by the conversion
factor molar mass.
moles of reactant × ____________

grams of reactant
  
       = grams of reactant
1 mol of reactant
moles of product × ____________

grams of product
  
       = grams of product
1 mol of product
Add the masses of the reactants.
44.09 160.0 204.1

g C3 H8 + g O2 = g reactants
Add the masses of the products.
132.0 g CO2 + 72.08 g H2O = 204.1 g products
Determine if the law of conservation of mass is observed.

Does the mass of the reactants equal the mass of the products?
Yes
3. Evaluate the Answer

Each product and reactant has 4 significant figures. Your
answer must have 4 significant figures, and it does.

169
Examine Relationships between coefficients can be used to write
conversion factors called mole ratios .
Example
Given the equation 2KClO3(s) 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g).

Each substance forms a mole ratio with the other substances in
the reaction.
2KClO3(s) 2KCl 3O2(g)
Write the mole ratios that define the mole relationships in this
equation. (Hint: Relate each reactant and each product to each of the
other substances.) _________
  and _________
2 mol KCIO3 2 mol KCIO3
   
  
C12-PG01-868206-A  
    
2 mol KCI 3 mol O2
 _________
    and  _________
2 mol KCI 3 mol O2
      
2 mol KCIO3 2 mol KCIO3
_______
    and  _______ 
2 mol KCI 3 mol O2
3 mol O2 2 mol KCI
Write the mole ratios for the equation

C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(I).
1__________
  and __________   and __________
mol C2H4 1 mol C2H4 1 mol C2H4
    
     
3 mol O2 2 mol CO2 2 mol H2O

 __________  and  __________  and  __________ 
3 mol O2 3 mol O2 3 mol O2
1 mol C2H4 2 mol CO2 2 mol H2O
__________
 
2 mol CO2
  and __________
 
2 mol CO2
  and  __________ 
2 mol CO2
3 mol O2 1 mol C2H4 2 mol H2O
 __________  and  __________  and __________

2 mol H2O 2 mol H2O 2 mol H2O
   
3 mol O2 2 mol CO2 1 mol C2H4
Get It? Identify the source from which a chemical reaction’s mole
ratios are derived.
A chemical reaction’s mole ratios are derived from the relationships
between coefficients in a balanced chemical equation. A mole ratio is a
ratio between the numbers of moles of any two substances in the equation.

170
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS
5. C
ompare the mass of the reactants and the mass of the products in a chemical
reaction, and explain how these masses are related.
The coefficients indicate the molar relationship between each pair of reactants and products.
The masses of reactants and products are equal.
6. S
tate how many mole ratios can be written for a chemical reaction involving three
substances.
(3)(2) = 6 ratios
7. Categorize the ways in which a balanced chemical equation can be interpreted.
particles (atoms, molecules, formula units), moles, and mass
8. A
pply The general form of a chemical reaction is xA + yB → zAB. In the equation,
A and B are elements, and x, y, and z are coefficients. State the mole ratios for
this reaction.
xA/yB and xA/zAB, yB/xA and yB/zAB, zAB/xA and zAB/yB.
9. A
pply Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposes to produce water and oxygen.
Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction, and determine the possible
mole ratios.
2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2; 2 mol H2O2/2 mol H2O, 2 mol H2O2/1 mol O2,
2 mol H2O/2 mol H2O2, 2 mol H2O/1 mol O2, 1 mol O2/2 mol H2O2, 1 mol O2/2 mol H2O
10. M
odel Write the mole ratios for the reaction of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas,
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O. Make a sketch of six hydrogen molecules reacting with the
correct number of oxygen molecules. Show the water molecules produced.
2H2/O2 and 2H2/2H2O, O2/2H2 and O2/2H2O, 2H2O/2H2 and 2H2O/O2

Student sketches should show six hydrogen molecules reacting with three oxygen
molecules to form six water molecules.

171

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10 Stoichiometry

ENCOUNTER THE PHENOMENON

Science Notebook • Stoichiometry

NEW VOCABULARY Define each New Vocabulary term.

in a balanced chemical equation

Explain the importance of the law of conservation of mass in chemical

destroyed. Bonds in a chemical reaction break and reform to produce

as it was at the beginning. This is seen in a chemical reaction when the

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

representative particles as well as the number of moles of particles.

Because masses can be derived from the coefficients by converting the

known mole quantities to mass, mass relationships can also be written.

Science Notebook • Stoichiometry

1. Analyze the Problem

Unknown: The equation in terms of molecules = ?

The equation in terms of mass = ?

2. Solve for the Unknown

The coefficients indicate the number of molecules .

moles of reactant × ____________

moles of product × ____________

Add the masses of the reactants.

44.09 160.0 204.1

Add the masses of the products.

132.0 g CO2 + 72.08 g H2O = 204.1 g products

Determine if the law of conservation of mass is observed.

3. Evaluate the Answer

Science Notebook • Stoichiometry

Given the equation 2KClO3(s) 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g).

2KClO3(s) 2KCl 3O2(g)

Write the mole ratios for the equation

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

​​ __________ ​​ and ​​ __________ ​​ and __________

between coefficients in a balanced chemical equation. A mole ratio is a

Science Notebook • Stoichiometry

The masses of reactants and products are equal.

7. Categorize the ways in which a balanced chemical equation can be interpreted.

particles (atoms, molecules, formula units), moles, and mass

xA/yB and xA/zAB, yB/xA and yB/zAB, zAB/xA and zAB/yB.

2H2/O2 and 2H2/2H2O, O2/2H2 and O2/2H2O, 2H2O/2H2 and 2H2O/O2

Science Notebook • Stoichiometry

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