IS : 11089 - 1984

(Reaffirmed 2002)
Edition 1.1
(1989-03)
Indian Standard
CODE OF
PRACTICE FOR DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION OF RING FOUNDATION
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)

UDC 624.153.525 : 006.76

© BIS 2005

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN , 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Price Group 4
 IS : 11089 - 1984

Indian Standard
CODE OF
PRACTICE FOR DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION OF RING FOUNDATION
Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 43
Chairman Representing
BRIG OMBIR SINGH Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters,
Ministry of Defence
Members
COL K. P. ANAND ( Alternate to
Brig Ombir Singh )
SHRI B. ANJIAH Andhra Pradesh Engineering Research Laboratories,
Government of Andhra Pradesh
DR R. K. BHANDARI Central Building Research Institute (CSIR), Roorkee
SHRI CHANDRA PRAKASH ( Alternate )
SHRI A. K. CHATTERJEE Gammon India Ltd, Bombay
SHRI A. C. ROY ( Alternate )
CHIEF ENGINEER Calcutta Port Trust, Calcutta
SHRI S. GUHA ( Alternate )
SHRI M. G. DANDAVATE The Concrete Association of India, Bombay
SHRI N. C. DUGGAL ( Alternate )
SHRI R. K. DAS GUPTA Simplex Concrete Piles (I) Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI H. GUHA BISWAS ( Alternate )
SHRI A. G. DASTIDAR In personal capacity ( 5, Hungerford Court,
121, Hungerford Street, Calcutta )
SHRI V. C. DESHPANDE The Pressure Piling Co (I) Pvt Ltd, Bombay
DIRECTOR (CSMRS) Central Soil & Material Research Station, New Delhi
DEPUTY DIRECTOR (CSMRS) ( Alternate )
SHRI A. H. DIVANJI Asia Foundations and Construction (Pvt) Ltd,
Bombay
SHRI A. N. JANGLE ( Alternate )
SHRI A. GHOSAL Stup Consultants Limited, Bombay
DR JAGDISH NARAI Indian Geotechnical Society, New Delhi
PROF SWAMI SARAN ( Alternate )
SHRI N. JAGANNATH Steel Authority of India, New Delhi
SHRI A. K. MITRA ( Alternate )
SHRI ASHOK KUMAR JAIN G. S. Jain & Associates, Roorkee
SHRI VIJAY KUMAR JAIN ( Alternate )
JOINT DIRECTOR (DESIGNS) National Buildings Organisation, New Delhi
SHRI SUNIL BERY ( Alternate )
( Continued on page 2 )

© BIS 2005
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
IS : 11089 - 1984
( Continued from page 1 )
Members Representing
JOINT DIRECTOR RESEARCH Ministry of Railways
(GE)-I, RDSO
JOINT DIRECTOR RESEARCH
(B&S), RDSO ( Alternate )
DR R. K. KATTI Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
SHRI S. R. KULKARNI M. N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI S. ROY ( Alternate )
SHRI A. P. MATHUR Central Warehousing Corporation, New Delhi
SHRI V. B. MATHUR Makenzies Ltd, Bombay
SHRI T. K. D. MUNSI Engineers India Limited, New Delhi
SHRI M. IYENGAR ( Alternate )
SHRI B. K. PANTHAKY The Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI V. M. MADGE ( Alternate )
SHRI M. R. PUNJA Cemindia Co Ltd, Bombay
SENIOR ENGINEER ( Alternate )
SHRI N. E. V. RAGHVAN The Braithwaite Burn & Jessop Construction Co Ltd,
Calcutta
PROF GOPAL RANJAN University of Roorkee, Roorkee
DR V. V. S. RAO Nagadi Consultants Pvt Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI ARJUN RIJHSINGHANI Cement Corporation of India, New Delhi
SHRI O. S. SRIVASTAVA ( Alternate )
DR A. SARGUNAN College of Engineering, Guindy, Madras
SHRI S. BOMMINATHAN ( Alternate )
SHRI N. SIVAGURU Ministry of Shipping and Transport (Roads Wing)
SHRI K. B. SARKAR ( Alternate )
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
(DESIGNS)
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER
(DESIGNS) V ( Alternate )
DR A. VARADARAJAN Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi
DR R. KANIRAJ ( Alternate )
SHRI G. RAMAN, Director General, ISI ( Ex-officio Member )
Director (Civ Engg)
Secretary
SHRI K. M. MATHUR
Senior Deputy Director (Civ Engg), ISI

Bearing Capacity of Foundation Subcommittee, BDC 43 : 4

Convener
SHRI S. GUHA Calcutta Port Trust, Calcutta
Mitglieder
SHRI AMAR SINGH Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee
SHRI K. G. GARG ( Alternate )
SHRI B. ANJIAH Andhra Pradesh Engineering Research Laboratories,
Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad
EXECUTIVE ENGINEERING Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
(DESIGN) V
( Continued on page 14 )

2
 IS : 11089 - 1984

Indian Standard
CODE OF
PRACTICE FOR DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION OF RING FOUNDATION
0. F O R E W O R D
0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards
Institution on 30 May 1984, after the draft finalized by the Foundation
Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil
Engineering Division Council.
0.2 Ring foundation is a substructure supporting on arrangement of
columns or walls and transmitting the loads to the soil by means of a
continuous circular slab. In this code guidelines have been given to
choose particular type of methods in particular situations and giving
reference to finite element method which will be covered at a later
stage.
0.3 This edition 1.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (March 1989). Side
bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of
the amendment.
0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of
this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in
accordance with IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places
retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the
specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the design of ring foundation based on
conventional method for tall structures, such as, silos, chimneys and
water tanks, which have vertical and non-uniform distributed loads.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions of terms given in
IS : 2809-1972† shall apply.
*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).
†Glossary of terms and symbols relating to soil engineering ( first revision ).

3
IS : 11089 - 1984
3. NECESSARY INFORMATION
3.1 For satisfactory design and construction of ring foundation, the
following information is necessary: * †
a) Site Plan — Site plan showing the location of proposed as well
as neighbouring structure.
b) Building Plan — Showing the details of height, staging,
columns, etc.
c) Loading Conditions — Dead load, wind or earthquake loads,
shown on a schematic plan indicating design combination of
loads transmitted to the foundation.
d) Environmental Factors — Information relating to geologic
history of the area, seismicity of the region, hydrological
information indicating ground water conditions and its seasonal
variations, climatic factors like vulnerability of the site to
sudden flooding by surface run-off, erosion, etc.
e) Geotechnical Information — Subsurface profile with
stratification details ( see IS : 1892-1979* ) engineering
properties of the founding strata, index properties, effective
shear parameters determined under appropriate drainage
conditions, compressibility characteristics, swelling properties,
results of field tests like static and dynamic penetration tests,
pressure meter test, etc.
f) Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Subgrade Reaction — [ see
IS : 2950 (Part 1)-1981† ].
g) Limiting values of the angular distortion and differential
settlement, the super structure can withstand.
h) A review of the performance of similar structure, if any, in the
locality.
j) Information necessary to assess the possible effects of the new
structure on existing structures in the neighbourhood.
k) Proximity of mines or major storage reservoir to the site.
3.2 Parameters for the Analysis — These are obtained by averaging
the parameters ( see 3.1 ) which can be determined only for relatively
less number of points of the foundation soil. The accuracy with which
the average values represent the actual conditions is of decisive
importance for the final results.
*Code of practice for subsurface investigation for foundations ( first revision ).
†Code of practice for design and construction of raft foundations: Part 1 Design
( second revision ).

4
 IS : 11089 - 1984
4. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
4.1 Choice of Ring Foundations
4.1.1 For fairly small and uniform column spacing and when the
supporting soil is not too compressible a flat concrete slab having
uniform thickness throughout is most suitable. Under the effects of
dead loads foundations are subjected to uniform pressure but under the
effect of lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind, the pressure
becomes non-uniform. If there is sufficient bending due to lateral forces
(say P2 > P1) it is more economical to adopt annual raft ( see Fig. 1A ).
4.1.2 Annual circular slab with a ring beam type of raft is likely to be
more economical for large column spacing and when the soil is very
compressible ( see Fig. 1B ).
4.2 Allowable Bearing Pressure — The allowable bearing pressure
shall be determined in accordance with IS : 6403-1981*.
4.2.1 In granular soils, the ultimate bearing capacity of rafts is
generally very large. However, for rafts placed at depth possibility of
punching code of failure should be investigated, The influence of soil
compressibility and related scale effects should also be assessed.
4.2.2 For rafts on cohesive soils stability against deep seated failures
shall be analyzed.
4.2.3 In cohesive soils, the effects of long term settlements shall be
taken into consideration.
4.3 Depth of Foundation — The depth of foundation shall be in
accordance with IS : 1904-1986†.
4.4 The uplift due to subsoil water shall be considered in the design.
4.4.1 All construction below the ground water level shall be checked
for floatation.
5. METHODS OF ANALYSIS
5.1 Rigid Foundation (Conventional Method) — This is based on
the assumption of linear distribution of contact pressure. The basic
assumptions of this method are:
a) The foundation is rigid relative to the supporting soil and the
compressible soil layer is relatively shallow; and
b) The contact pressure distribution is assumed to vary linearly
throughout the foundation.
*Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundations ( first
revision ).
†Code of practice for design and construction of foundation in soils: General
requirements ( third revision ).

5
IS : 11089 - 1984

FIG. 1A SHOWING THE NON UNIFORM PRESSURES UNDER A CIRCULAR

FOOTING DUE TO HORIZONTAL FORCES SUCH AS WIND AND
EARTHQUAKE WHICH CAN BE APPROXIMATED TO A UNIFORM
PRESSURE OF VALUE ( P = P1 + 0.5 P2 )

6
 IS : 11089 - 1984

FIG. 1B PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION UNDER A RAFT

5.1.1 This method may be used when either of the following conditions
are satisfied:
a) The structure behaves as rigid (due to the combined action of the
superstructure and the foundation) with a relative stiffness factor
K> 0.5 [for evaluation of K, see Appendix C of IS : 2950 (Part 1)-
1981*]; and
*Code of practice for design and construction of raft foundations: Part 1 Design
( second revision ).
7
IS : 11089 - 1984
b) The column spacing is less than 1.75 λ [ see Appendix C of
IS : 2950 (Part 1)-1981* ].
5.1.2 The ring annular raft is analyzed from approximately
non-uniform pressure distribution to uniform pressure distribution
( see Fig. 1A ). The modified uniform pressure intensity p is given by
p1 + 0.5 p2, where p1 is uniform pressure due to dead loads and p2 is
pressure due to bending effects.
The formulae for circumferential and radial moments Mt and Mr
respectively are as follows:
For r <c
2 2 2
pa   b   a c 
M t = ----------  4  1 + ------   log e --- + 1--- – ----------  
16   2
r   c 2 2a 2  
2 2 2 2  2 2 2
r - – 4b 3 a + r- . b 
+ ----- ---------  log e --r- + ---  1
--- +a
------ + a
------  – ----------------- ------ log e a
--- 
a
2
a 
2 a 4 3
b
2
b
2 
a –b
2 2
r
2 b 
2 2 2
pa   b   a c 
M r = ----------  4  1 – ------   log e --- + 1--- – ---------- 
16   2
r   c 2 2a 2 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3r 4b  3  a -  + ------------------- 
+ --------- – ---------  loge --r- + ---  1 + -----
a - – -----

a – r ----- b - log a
e --- 
a
2
a 
2 a 4  b
2
r 
2 2
a –b r
2 2 b 
For r > c
2  2 2
pa b   c c 
M t = ( M t ) r < c + ---------- 4  1 – ------   log e -- + --1- – --------- 
16  2
a   r 2 2r 2 

2  2 2
pa b   c 1 c 
M r = ( M r ) r < c + ---------- 4  1 – ------   log e -- – --- + --------- 
16  2
a   r 2
2r 
2

where
r is the radial distance.
The ratio b/a will depend on the bearing area and the moment of
inertia required for footing such that the maximum stress developed
does not exceed the safe allowable bearing pressure specified for the
soil, For a particular b/a ratio, the value of c/a at which the maximum
moments are minimum could be obtained from Fig. 1C.
*Code of practice for design and construction of raft foundations: Part 1 Design
( second revision ).

8
 IS : 11089 - 1984

FIG. 1C POSITION OF RING BEAM FOR MINIMUM VALVE OF THE

MAXIMUM MOMENTS
5.2 In case the annular circular raft with a ring beam, two conditions
are generally to be satisfied. The maximum pressure under foundation
should not exceed the safe allowable bearing pressure of the soil. The
minimum pressure shall be zero or of a compressive nature. To satisfy
these, the dimensions of rafts shall be determined as follows:

( ex )
2 A-
a = ex + -------
2π
2 A
b = a – ----
π
where
qall – ( P 0 – P 1 )
x = -----------------------------------------------
-
qall + ( P 0 – P 1 )

2W
A = -----------------------------------------------
qall – ( P 0 – P 1 )
where
W = total weight of the structure above ground
e = eccentricity of the vertical load on base due to overturning
moment of lateral loads of wind or earthquake
a = outer radius of annular raft or radius of solid raft
b = inner radius of annular raft
A = area of raft
= π ( a2 – b2 )
qall = net safe bearing capacity of soil at base
P0 = overburden pressure due to depth of foundation
P1 = net pressure desired at base.
9
IS : 11089 - 1984
5.2.1 For a given number of columns, the ring beam will have less
moment when the ring perimeter is small. The curves A and B shown
in Fig. 1E give the most economical locations of the ring beam on the
raft when the soil pressures are uniform and when they vary linearly
as shown at b and c in Fig. 1D respectively. The radial and tangential
moments in annular circular plates can be determined for uniform and
linear distribution of pressure for expression.

FIG. 1D RADIAL AND TANGENTIAL MOMENT IN ANNULAR

CIRCULAR PLATES
The critical sections for finding the tangential moments are the
inner edge, under bearing and outer edge. The critical section for
radial moments is under the ring beam for sagging moments and at
some point in the raft for hogging moment.
The formulae for radial and tangential moments Mt, and Mr
respectively are as follows:
Uniform Pressure
For R < C
2 2 2
po a  B  C
- 4  1 + -------   – log e C – ------- + R
1 2
M t = ----------- ---
16  2  2 2 
R 
2 2
2
– 4B  log e R + 3
---  – 1 1-  +  1
1- + ------
--- + ------ + R -  ------
---------------- B - log B 
  
 4  3 B2 R2   1 – B 2  R2 e

10
 IS : 11089 - 1984

FIG. 1E POSITION OF RING BEAM FOR MINIMUM MOMENTS

2 2  2
po a  1 C
- 4  1– B
-------   --- log e C – -------  + 3R
2
M r = -----------  
16  R 
2 2 2

2 3 1 1  1 – R2  B2 
– 4B  log e R + ---  1 + ------- – -------  –  ----------------
-  ------- log e B 
4  2 2   1–B  R 2 2
 B R 
For R > C
2 2
po a 2  C -
M t = ( M t ) R < C + -----------
- 4 ( 1–B )  1
--- – log e R
---- – ---------- 
16  2 C 2R 2 
2 2
po a 2  1 R C -
M r = ( M r ) R < C – -----------
- 4 ( 1–B )  --- + log e ---- – ---------- 
16  2 C 2R 2 
Varying Pressure
For R < C
2 4
pa 2B 2 8 4 5 2
-----------------  – 5 + 3B – --- R  + 2R  – --- R +
2
M t = --------------    3
96R
3
B +1
2 3

11
IS : 11089 - 1984

2 2 4 4
( 3 + C ) ( 1 – C ) ( R + 3B )
R + 3B  + -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 4
cos θ
2
C
2 4
pa 2B
-----------------  5 – 3B – 8R  – 2R ( 5R – 5R –
2 4 2 2 4
M r = --------------  
3 2
96R B +1
2 2 4 4
3B ) + 3
4 ( 3 + C ) ( 1 – C ) ( R + B )-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ cos θ
2
C
For R > C
2 4
pa 2B 2 8 4 5 2
-----------------  – 5 + 3B – --- R  + 2R  – --- R +
2
M t = --------------    3
96R
3
B +1
2 3

4 4 4  3B 4 2 4 4
R + 3B ) + ( R + 3 )  ---------- – C  – 2 ( R + 3B
C 2 

2 2 4
– 3R + 3R B ) cos θ

2 4
pa 2B 2 4 2 2 4 4
M r = -------------- ----------------- ( 5 – 3B – 8 R ) – 2R ( 5R – 5R – 3B )
3 2
96R B +1
4
4  2 3B  2 2 4
+ 3 ( 1 – R )  C – ----------  + 6 ( 1 – R ) ( R + B ) cos θ
 2
C 

5.3 Flexible Ring Foundation

5.3.1 In this method, it is assumed that the subgrade consists of an
infinite array of individual elastic springs. The spring constant B equal
to modulus of subgrade reaction ( K ). The contact pressure at any point
is therefore linearly proportional to the settlement at the point. This
method may be used when all the following conditions are satisfied:
a) The structure (combined action of super structure and raft) may
be considered as flexible relative stiffness factors K < 0.5)
( see Appendix C).
b) Variation in adjacent column load does not exceed 20 percent of
the higher value.

12
 IS : 11089 - 1984
5.3.2 A circular slab on elastic media is the usual form of solution to
evaluate bending and shear at various points within the slab. The
differential equation governing is fourth order differential equation.

 d 2 1 d   d 2 w 1 d w q – Kw
 --------- + --- ------  ---------- + --- ------- = -----------------
 dr 2 γ dr  dr 2 γ dr  D
where
3
Et
D = ---------------------------------
2
12 ( 1 – V )
w = plate deflection
q = uniform load
γ = Poisson’s ratio
This equation can be solved using finite difference solutions.
NOTE — One of the recent methods based on the above theory is numerical analysis
by either finite difference method or finite element method. This method is used for
accurate analysis of annular raft foundation.

6. STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS

6.1 The general designs of loads, wind, loads, shrinkage, creep and
temperature effects and provision of reinforcement and detailing and
other constructional aspects shall conform to IS : 456-1978* and
IS : 1893-1984†, the foundation being considered as an inverted beam
or slab.

*Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( third revision ).

†Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures ( fourth revision ).

13
IS : 11089 - 1984
( Continued from page 2 )

Members Representing
SHRI G. R. HARIDAS Gammon India Ltd, Bombay
SHRI A. B. GHOSAL ( Alternate )
SHRI M. IYENGAR Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI E. C. G. REDDY ( Alternate )
JOINT DIRECTOR RESEARCH Ministry of Railways
(GE)-II, RDSO
JOINT DIRECTOR RESEARCH
(GE)-I, RDSO ( Alternate )
SHRI O. S. SRIVASTAVA The Cement Corporation of india, New Delhi
SHRI S. K. CHATTERJEE ( Alternate )
DR SWAMI SARAN University of Roorkee, Roorkee

14
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This Indian Standard has been developed by Technical Committee : BDC 43

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue
Amd. No. 1 March 1989

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