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  • Conservation of Energy

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    Sandra Abancio
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    1. The document discusses various forms of energy including gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, internal energy, work, flow work, heat, and enthalpy. 2. It defines each form of energy using relevant equations and explains how energy is transferred and transformed between systems. 3. The law of conservation of energy and first law of thermodynamics are covered, stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.

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    1. The document discusses various forms of energy including gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, internal energy, work, flow work, heat, and enthalpy. 2. It defines each form of energy using relevant equations and explains how energy is transferred and transformed between systems. 3. The law of conservation of energy and first law of thermodynamics are covered, stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    155 views11 pages

    Conservation of Energy

    Uploaded by

    Sandra Abancio
    1. The document discusses various forms of energy including gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, internal energy, work, flow work, heat, and enthalpy. 2. It defines each form of energy using relevant equations and explains how energy is transferred and transformed between systems. 3. The law of conservation of energy and first law of thermodynamics are covered, stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 11

    Conservation of Energy

    Gravitational Potential Energy (P)


    The gravitational potential energy of a body is
    it energy due to its position or elevation.

    P = Fgz = mgz/k
    ΔP = P2 -P1 = (mg/k) (z2 - z1)
    ΔP = change in potential energy
    Kinetic Energy (K)

    The energy or stored capacity for performing work


    possessed by a moving body, by virtue of its momentum
    is called kinetic energy.
    K = mv2/2k
    ΔK = K2 - K1= m/2k(v22 - v21)
    ΔK = change in kinetic energy
    Internal Energy
    Internal energy is energy stored within a body or substance
    by virtue of the activity and configuration of its molecules
    and of the vibration of the atoms within the molecules.
    u = specific internal energy (unit mass) Δu = u2 - u1
    U = mu = total internal energy (m mass) ΔU = U2 - U1
    Work (W)
    Work is the product of the displacement of the body and the component
    of the force in the direction of the displacement. Work is energy in
    transition; that is, it exists only when a force is “moving” through a distance.
    dW = Fxdx = (pA)dL = pdV

    The area under the curve of the process on the pV plane represents the
    work done during a nonflow reversible process

    Note: Work done by the system is positive (outflow of energy)


    Work done on the system is negative (inflow of energy)
    Flow Work (Wf)
    Flow work or flow energy is work done in pushing a fluid
    across a boundary, usually into or out of a system.
    Wf = FL = pAL
    Wf = pV
    ΔWf = Wf2 - Wf1 = p2V2 - p1V1
    ΔWf = change in work flow
    Heat (Q)
    Heat is energy in transit (on the move) from one body or system
    to another solely because of a temperature difference between the
    bodies or systems.

    Q is positive when heat is added to the body or system.


    Q is negative when heat is rejected by the body or system.
    Classification of Systems

    (1) A closed system is one in which mass does not cross its
    boundaries.
    (2) An open system is one in which mass crosses its boundaries.
    Conservation of Energy

    The law of conservation of energy states that energy is neither


    created nor destroyed.
    The first law of thermodynamics states that one form of energy may
    be converted into another.
    Steady Flow Energy Equation
    Energy Entering System = Energy Leaving System
    P1 + K1 + Wf1 + U1 + Q = P2 + K2 + Wf2 + U2 + W
    Q = ΔP + ΔK + ΔWf + ΔU + W
    Enthalpy (H,h)

    Enthalpy is a composite property applicable to all fluids and is


    defined by
    h = u + pv and H = mh = U + pV

    The steady flow energy equation becomes


    P1 + K1 + H1 + Q = P2 + K2 + H2 + W
    Q = ΔP + ΔK + ΔH + W

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