Mechanical Refrigeration
Mechanical Refrigeration
BASIC COMPONENTS
COMPRESSOR
1. It maintains low pressure at the evaporating unit during
the operation.
2. It circulates the refrigerant within the system.
3. It compresses the low pressure gas to high pressure gas
thereby raising the boiling point.
EXPANSION VALVES
1. Expands the high pressure liquid to a mixture of low
pressure liquid gas particles.
2. Controls the amount of refrigerant in the evaporator.
BASIC COMPONENTS
CONDENSER
1.Acts as a heat exchanger between the hot gas
refrigeration and the cooling medium.
2. Removes the heat of compression and also the latent
heat of condensation.
EVAPORATOR
1. Bank or coil of tubings usually located along bulkhead
of the refrigerated space.
2. Acts as heat conductor between the product and the
refrigerant.
3. It absorbs the heat from the load in the refrigerated
space.
BASIC COMPONENTS
RECEIVER
1. Serve as storage space for liquid refrigerant.
2. Serve as seal between the vapor in the condenser and the
liquid to the expansion valve.
REFRIGERATION ACCESSORIES
1. Thermometer
Purpose: used to indicate normal or abnormal temperature of the
plant.
Location: at suction and discharge side of compressor; liquid line;
cooling water system
2. Charging Connection:
Purpose: to add or remove refrigerant from the system
Location: at the liquid line before the dehydration
3. Dehydrator
Purpose: used to absorb moisture that may be present with the
refrigerant
Location: at the liquid after the charging construction
Motor - is use to drive the compressor - It is used also to convert
the electrical energy to mechanical energy in order to drive the
compressor
Components Performance and
Formulas
where:
m = mass of refrigerant circulated
Qr = h2 - h3, Kj/kg
Qr = m(h2 - h3), KW
Components Performance and
Formulas
3. Expansion Valve Process (h3 = h4)
h3 = h4
h3 = hf4+xhfg4
hfg4 = hg4 - hf4
x = h3 - hf4/(hg4 - hf4)
RE = h1 - h4, KJ/kg
RE = m(h1-h4), KW
RE = mwcp(t1 -t2), KW
TR = Refrigerating Effect/3.516
TR = m(h1 - h4)/3.516
Conversion
where:
KW/KW = 1/COP
HP/TON = 4.71/COP
KW/Ton = 3.516/COP
Performance of Refrigeration System