Scribd Logo
Hochladen

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Dye Penetrant Testing

    Uploaded by

    Ramesh R
    422 views20 pages
    Dye penetrant testing (DPT) is a low-cost NDT method that uses liquid penetrants to detect surface-breaking defects in non-porous materials. It works by using capillary action to draw penetrants into defects, then a developer draws the penetrant out of defects to make them visible. It can find defects like cracks in castings, forgings and welds. It requires clean surfaces and multiple processing steps but is easy to use and can inspect large and complex parts quickly.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    DYE PENETRANT TESTING

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Dye penetrant testing (DPT) is a low-cost NDT method that uses liquid penetrants to detect surface-breaking defects in non-porous materials. It works by using capillary action to draw penetrants into defects, then a developer draws the penetrant out of defects to make them visible. It can find defects like cracks in castings, forgings and welds. It requires clean surfaces and multiple processing steps but is easy to use and can inspect large and complex parts quickly.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    422 views20 pages

    Dye Penetrant Testing

    Uploaded by

    Ramesh R
    Dye penetrant testing (DPT) is a low-cost NDT method that uses liquid penetrants to detect surface-breaking defects in non-porous materials. It works by using capillary action to draw penetrants into defects, then a developer draws the penetrant out of defects to make them visible. It can find defects like cracks in castings, forgings and welds. It requires clean surfaces and multiple processing steps but is easy to use and can inspect large and complex parts quickly.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    DYE PENETRANT TESTING

    Dye penetrant testing (DPT), also called liquid


    penetrate testing (LPT) or penetrant
    testing(PT), is a widely applied and low-
    cost inspection method used to check surface-
    breaking defects in all non-porous materials
    (metals, plastics, or ceramics).
    DPT is used to detect casting, forging and
    welding surface defects such as hairline cracks,
    surface porosity, leaks in new products,
    and fatigue cracks on in-service components.
    PRINICIPLE OF DYE PENETRANT TESTING

    DPT is based upon capillary action, where low surface


    tension fluid penetrates into clean and dry surface-
    breaking discontinuities. Penetrant may be applied to
    the test component by dipping, spraying, or brushing.
    After adequate penetration time has been allowed, the
    excess penetrant is removed and a developer is
    applied. The developer helps to draw penetrant out of
    the flaw so that an invisible indication becomes visible
    to the inspector. Inspection is performed under
    ultraviolet or white light, depending on the type of dye
    used
    How Does PT Work?
    •In penetrant testing, a liquid with high surface wetting
    characteristics is applied to the surface of a component
    under test.
    •The penetrant “penetrates” into surface breaking
    discontinuities via capillary action and other mechanisms.
    •Excess penetrant is removed from the surface and a
    developer is applied to
    pull trapped penetrant back
    the surface.
    •With good inspection
    technique, visual
    indications of any
    discontinuities present
    become apparent.
    What Can Be Inspected Via PT?
    Almost any
    material that has
    a relatively
    smooth, non-
    porous surface
    on which
    discontinuities or
    defects are
    suspected.
    What Can NOT be Inspected Via PT?
    •Components with rough
    surfaces, such as sand castings,
    that trap and hold penetrant.
    •Porous ceramics
    •Wood and other fibrous
    materials.
    •Plastic parts that absorb or
    react with the penetrant
    materials. Defect indications become
    less distinguishable as the
    •Components with coatings that background “noise” level
    prevent penetrants from increases.
    entering defects.
    What Types of Discontinuities Can Be
    Detected Via PT?
    All defects that are open to
    the surface.
    – Rolled products-- cracks,
    seams, laminations.
    – Castings--cold shuts, hot tears,
    porosity, blow holes,
    shrinkage.
    – Forgings– cracks, laps, external
    bursts.
    – Welds– cracks, porosity,
    undercut, overlap, lack of
    fusion, lack of penetration.
    Choices of Penetrant Materials
    Penetrant Type
    I Fluorescent
    II Visible
    Method

    A Water Washable
    B Postemulsifiable - Lipophilic
    C Solvent Removable
    D Postemulsifiable - Hydrophilic

    Developer Form
    Dry Powder
    Wet, Water Soluble
    Wet, Water Suspendable
    Wet, Non-Aqueous
    6 Steps of Penetrant Testing
    1. Pre-Clean
    2. Penetrant Application
    3. Excess Penetrant Removal
    4. Developer Application
    5. Inspect/Evaluate
    6. Post-clean
    Pre-cleaning – Step 1
    • Parts must be free of dirt, rust,
    scale, oil, grease, etc. to perform a
    reliable inspection.
    • The cleaning process must remove
    contaminants from the surfaces of
    the part and defects, and must not
    plug any of the defects.

    Pre-cleaning is the most


    important step in the PT
    process!!!
    Penetrant Application – Step 2
    Many methods
    of application
    are possible
    such as:
    – Brushing
    – Spraying
    – Dipping/
    Immersing
    – Flow-on
    – And more
    Dwell Time
    •The penetrant solution must
    be allowed to “dwell” on the
    surface of the part to allow
    the penetrant time to fill any
    defects present.
    •The dwell time vary
    according to penetrant type,
    temperature, material type
    and surface finish.
    Excess Penetrant Removal – Step 3
    Solvent Removable
    •The part is wiped with a
    clean dry cloth to remove
    the bulk of the excess
    penetrant.
    •Then, a cloth lightly
    dampened with solvent is
    used to remove any
    remaining penetrant on
    the surface.
    Developer Application – Step 4
    Dry Powder Developer
    •Prior to applying a dry
    powder developer, the
    component must be
    thoroughly dried. Drying is
    usually accomplished in a hot
    air circulating oven.
    •The developer is then applied
    by immersing the part in the
    powder or by dusting of the
    part with the powder.
    •The part can also be placed in
    a developer dust cloud
    chamber.
    Inspection/Evaluation – Step 5
    In this step the inspector
    evaluates the penetrant
    indications against specified
    accept/reject criteria and
    attempts to determine the
    origin of the indication.
    Non-relevant weld geometry indications
    The indications are judged
    to be either relevant, non-
    relevant or false.

    Relevant crack indications from an


    abusive drilling process
    Inspection/Evaluation – Step 5
    A very important step of
    evaluation is to
    document findings on
    an inspection report
    form or other record
    keeping form.
    This may be supported
    with drawings or photos
    of indications, etc.
    Post Clean – Step 6
    The final step in the penetrant
    inspection process is to
    thoroughly clean the part that
    has been tested to remove all
    penetrant processing
    materials.
    The residual materials could
    possibly affect the
    performance of the part or
    affect its visual appeal.
    Verification of Penetrant System
    Performance
    Since penetrant testing
    involves multiple processing
    steps, the performance of the
    materials and the processes
    should be routinely checked
    using performance verification
    tools, which include:
    – TAM Panels
    – Crack Sensitivity Panels
    – Run Check Panels
    Advantages of Penetrant Testing
    • Relative ease of use.
    • Can be used on a wide range of material types.
    • Large areas or large volumes of parts/materials can be inspected rapidly
    and at low cost.
    • Parts with complex geometries are routinely inspected.
    • Indications are produced directly on surface of the part providing a
    visual image of the discontinuity.
    • Initial equipment investment is low.
    • Aerosol spray cans can make equipment very portable.
    Limitations of Penetrant Testing
    • Only detects surface breaking defects.
    • Requires relatively smooth nonporous material.
    • Precleaning is critical. Contaminants can mask defects.
    • Requires multiple operations under controlled conditions.
    • Chemical handling precautions necessary (toxicity, fire, waste).
    • Metal smearing from machining, grinding and other operations
    inhibits detection. Materials may need to be etched prior to
    inspection.
    • Post cleaning is necessary to remove chemicals.
    Summary
    • Penetrant testing (PT) is one of the most widely
    used nondestructive testing methods.
    • Its popularity can be attributed to two main factors,
    which are its relative ease of use and its flexibility.
    • However, PT involves a number of processing steps
    that must be closely control to achieve optimal
    sensitivity.

    You might also like