Session 1 - Fundamental of Building Construction
Session 1 - Fundamental of Building Construction
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SESSION 1
INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS AND
METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
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1.1 INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS AND
METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
General introduction: syllabus, text book, laboratory classes and instruction sheets,
assessment procedure
Motivation for including this course in the civil engineering curriculum: Earlier
course(s) in materials, continuing evolution of construction industry - (i) New building
products such as composites, new grades of steel and concrete, new forms of
construction (light gauge construction, glass technologies, etc); (ii) Changed social and
political climate (construction workplace safety, environmental regulations, energy
conservation in building, controlling codes of practice, etc.)
Text book - chapters of the book: Buildings, foundations, wood and construction,
masonry and construction, steel and construction, concrete and construction, roofing
materials, glazing materials, cladding systems, interior finishes, interior walls and
partitions, ceiling and floor finishes, etc.
Laboratory format - Five experiments - One experiment to be finished within the
same day for the whole class - Three sittings in one afternoon.
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Making Buildings
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1.2 MAKING BUILDINGS - OUTLINE
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1.4 Constraints to Choosing Building Systems
(Cont’d)
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1.4 CONSTRAINTS TO CHOOSING BUILDING
SYSTEMS (CONT’D)
Building Codes : “…. Establish minimum construction standards for the protection
of life, health, and welfare of the public” - NBCC, IBC (2000), BOCA, SBC,
ISO & EURO - Regulate the building activities - Define user groups,
construction types, fire resistance ratings, materials, natural light,
ventilation, emergency exits, structural design, construction
methodology, fire protection systems, accessibility to disabled persons,
energy efficiency, etc.
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Building Regulations
More than 44,000 jurisdictions in US regulating buildings
Made > 12,000 amendments to the 3 model codes
Differing standards and interpretation
Tuckman, J.L., ENR 7/23/2001
Time required for permitting can be excessive:
– EX Miami Dade:
» Each year reviews 120,000 – 130,000 applications,
and performs > 1,000,000 inspections
» Average time required to issue a permit:
52 days for residential
81 days for commercial
Gonchar, ENR 7/30/2001
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1.4 Constraints to Choosing Building
Systems (Cont’d)
Fire codes
Plumbing codes
Electrical codes
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Sustainability
“…meeting the needs of the present generation without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
needs.”
Sustainable Design & Construction Actions
– Energy efficient buildings
– Re-use existing structures
– Efficient land use
– Use of renewable products / materials
– Protect soil and water resources
– Reduce / eliminate pollution
Sustainability - addressed on a Life Cycle basis
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SUSTAINABILITY CONSIDERATIONS
WHEN SELECTING MATERIALS
Origin & Manufacture of Building Materials
– Plentiful? Renewable? Recycled content? Energy expended
to acquire? Manufacturing pollutants & waste?
Construction of the Building
– Energy expended to acquire & install? Pollutants
generated? Waste generated & can it be recycled?
Building Maintenance
– Energy use over its lifetime? Material impact on indoor air
quality? Maintenance required? Maintenance materials
toxic? Recyclable? Fire & smoke properties?
Demolition 18
1.6 PERFORMANCE BEFORE AND AFTER
CONSTRUCTION
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1.7 CIVIL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS IN NEWFOUNDLAND
AND LABRADOR
www.gov.nf.ca/mines&en/mines/miningindustryoverview.htm
Total value of mineral shipments from Newfoundland was $ 972 million
during 2000
Many of these commodities are critical elements in construction.
Iron ore products and gold shipments are valued at $ 923 million- after
primary processing
Shipments of industrial minerals, or non-metals such as dolomite, silica,
gypsum, dimension stone, peat and sand gravel are valued at $ 48 million -
after primary processing
Do we have other scopes than primary processing?
Material produced : Limestone/dolomite, Dimension stone, Granite,
Anorthosite, Peat, Slate, Iron ore, Gypsum, Silica
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Other developing products: Pyrophyllite, Talc, etc.
1.7 CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS IN
NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR
(CONT’D)
Most building materials are sold after primary processing
Can we go to secondary processing? Paints - a viable industry in NL
till 1988: ceased to exist due to takeover of industry - Components of
paint : Vehicle (film-forming substance - Cellulose nitrate, vinyl
chloride, polyurethane or epoxy resins), Solvents (water,
hydrocarbons, turpentine, alcohols, ketones, ester, ethers, etc.) -
Pigments (coloring agents - iron oxides (hematite, magnetite),
chromium oxide, etc.)
Additives: Defoamers (silicones), Driers and wetting agents (metallic
soaps), flattening agents (talc, pyrophyllite).
Almost all of them can be produced in Newfoundland
What prevents us? - Practical problems 21