Vasudha PPT With Audio

SPACE SCEINCE
BY: CLASS 7-A VASUGHA GROUP C
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SPACE
EXPLORATION
• Space exploration is the use
of astronomy and space
technology to explore outer
space. While the exploration
of space is carried out mainly
by astronomers with telescope
s, its physical exploration
though is conducted both
by unmanned robotic space
probes and human spaceflight.
Space exploration, like its
classical form astronomy, is
one of the main sources
for space science.
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WHAT MADE SPACE
EXPLORATION POSSIBLE?
• While the observation of objects in space, known
as astronomy, predates reliable recorded history, it
was the development of large and relatively
efficient rockets during the mid-twentieth century
that allowed physical space exploration to become a
reality. Common rationales for exploring space
include advancing scientific research, national
prestige, uniting different nations, ensuring the future
survival of humanity, and developing military and
strategic advantages against other countries.
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SOME OF THE VERY FIRST SPACE
EXPLORATIONS
• In the latter half of the 20th century, rockets were
developed that were powerful enough to overcome the
force of gravity to reach orbital velocities, paving the way
for space exploration to become a reality.
• On Oct. 4, 1957, the Soviets launched the first artificial
satellite, Sputnik 1, into space. Four years later on April
12, 1961, Russian Lt. Yuri Gagarin became the first
human to orbit Earth in Vostok 1. His flight lasted 108
minutes, and Gagarin reached an altitude of 327
kilometers (about 202 miles).
SPACE MISSIONS
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SPACE MISSIONS
HOW LONG IS MISSION SPACE?
•DURING LONG DURATION ISS MISSIONS, MOST

ASTRONAUTS HOLD A "100 DAY" PARTY TO
RECOGNIZE HAVING LIVED AND WORKED IN
SPACE FOR AT LEAST 100 DAYS. THE
ASTRONAUT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL COSTS
ASSOCIATED WITH THAT EVENT (WHICH, BY
THE WAY, IS HELD ON EARTH!).
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SPACE MISSIONS
HOW DOES MISSION SPACE WORK?

FOR THOSE NOT FAMILIAR WITH
HOW MISSION SPACE WORKS, IT’S
ACTUALLY A CENTRIFUGE BY ETC/THE RIDE
WORKS WITH TEN ARMS STRETCHED OUT
FROM THE CENTER. A CABIN AT THE END OF
EACH ARM HOLDS FOUR PEOPLE EACH AND
CAN PITCH AND PIVOT THANKS TO TWO
ELECTRIC ACTUATORS.
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LANDING ON THE MOON
• Landing on the moon: Apollo 12 launches for

second moon landing Nov. 14, 1969.
• “Landing a man on the moon and returning him
safely to Earth within a decade” was a national
goal set by President John F. Kennedy in 1961.
On July 20, 1969, astronaut Neil Armstrong took
“one giant leap for mankind” as he stepped onto
the moon. Six Apollo missions were made to
explore the moon between 1969 and 1972.
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ASTRONAUTS
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• An astronaut or cosmonaut is a
ASTRONAUTS person trained by a human spaceflight
program to command, pilot, or serve
as a crew member of a spacecraft.
Although generally reserved for
professional space travelers, the terms
are sometimes applied to anyone who
travels into space, including scientists,
politicians, journalists and tourists.
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HOW ASTRONAUTS ARE TRAINED
• Astronaut training describes the complex process of
preparing astronauts for their space missions before, during and
after the flight, which includes medical tests, [1] physical
training, extra-vehicular activity (EVA) training, procedure training,
rehabilitation process, as well as training on experiments they will
accomplish during their stay in space.
• The training is geared to the special conditions and environments
astronauts will be confronted with during launch, in space, and
during landing. All phases of the flight must be considered during
training to ensure safety to, and functionality of the astronauts, as
well as to ensure a successful completion of the mission.
The Apollo astronauts that walked on the Moon also received
training for geology fieldwork on the Lunar surface.
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PURPOSE OF TRAINING
• The effects of launching and landing has various effects on

astronauts, with the most significant effects that occur
being space motion sickness,[5] orthostatic intolerance,
and cardiovascular events.
• Space motion sickness is an event that can occur within minutes
of being in changing gravity environments (i.e. from 1g on
Earth prior to launch to more than 1g during launch, and then
from microgravity in space to hyper gravity during re-entry and
again to 1g after landing). The symptoms range from drowsiness
and headaches, to nausea and vomiting.
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COMMUNICATION
• How does NASA communicate with

spacecraft?
• In order to communicate with spacecraft,
large radio dishes are used on earth to receive
and transmit messages to
the spacecraft. NASA uses its deep-space
network of antennas based in Australia,
Spain, and the US. The DSN also has satellite
relays that it uses
to communicate with spacecraft.
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LIST OF NASA SPACE
MISSIONS
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No. of launched
Program Start date End date Notes
crewed missions
Mercury program 1959 1963 6 First U.S. crewed program
Program used to practice space rendezvous

Gemini program 1963 1966 10
and EVAs
Apollo program 1961 1972 11 Brought first human to the Moon
The crewed missions only took place in

Skylab 1973 1974 3 1973 and 1974; first American space
station
Apollo–Soyuz Test Project 1975 1975 1 Joint with Soviet Union
First missions in which a spacecraft was

Space Shuttle 1981 2011 135
reused
Shuttle-Mir Program 1995 1998 9 Russian partnership
Joint with Roscosmos, CSA, ESA, and

International Space Station 1998 Ongoing 54
JAXA
Cancelled program to bring humans to the

Project Constellation 2003 2010[5] 0
Moon again, to Mars and beyond
Current program to bring humans to the

Artemis program 2017 Ongoing 0
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FUTURE SCOPES OF SPACE TRAVEL
• the 21st-century space race – one that could potentially lead

to recycled rockets, 10-minute space vacations, and humans
on Mars.
• In recent years, companies such as SpaceX and Boeing have
started vying for more large-scale government contracts.
The launch of SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy this February aims to
demonstrate the world's most powerful rocket since the
Saturn V by placing SpaceX CEO Elon Musk's very own
Tesla roadster in the Sun's orbit.
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CONCLUSION
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THANKYOU
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SPACE SCEINCE

BY: CLASS 7-A VASUGHA GROUP C

HOW LONG IS MISSION SPACE?

•DURING LONG DURATION ISS MISSIONS, MOST

HOW DOES MISSION SPACE WORK?

• Landing on the moon: Apollo 12 launches for

• The effects of launching and landing has various effects on

• How does NASA communicate with

Mercury program 1959 1963 6 First U.S. crewed program

Program used to practice space rendezvous

Apollo program 1961 1972 11 Brought first human to the Moon

The crewed missions only took place in

Apollo–Soyuz Test Project 1975 1975 1 Joint with Soviet Union

First missions in which a spacecraft was

Shuttle-Mir Program 1995 1998 9 Russian partnership

Joint with Roscosmos, CSA, ESA, and

Cancelled program to bring humans to the

Current program to bring humans to the

• the 21st-century space race – one that could potentially lead

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