After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. familiarize yourself with the different writing patterns in

paragraph development;
2. identify the transitional words and phrases used in the
different writing patterns;
3. write a short paragraph using certain writing pattern; and
4. distinguish the uses and the differences of each writing
pattern.
 Discourse?
 comes from the word discursus
 In medieval Latin, it means “argument”
 Late Latin, it means “conversation”
 Some texts indeed are in the form of discussion
in which writers express their opinions.
 Other texts are like a conversation because the
writers talk to the readers.
NARRATION
Patterns of Development
 CONNECT THE PIECES OF ME TO KNOW MY
STORY!
Finally, the old lady crossed the street safely and Juan was
able to reach school on time.

One morning, Juan is in a hurry going to school.

Then, he thought of helping the old lady even though he

will be late in school.

Suddenly, he saw an old lady, carrying a full of basket,

crossing the street.
 QUESTIONS
What words are used to signal the correct sequence of the
events?

How do you think the ideas were able to relate to one

another?
What do we call these words?
How do these words help to create a story?

What kind of paragraph were you able to create using the

given details?
 KEEP ME IN YOUR
A narrative text contains the plot which gives direction in making a story.

In developing narration, sequential presentation of events plays an

important role.

Signal words help to create unified thought and to show the transition of
events to the next.

The chronological ordering of events helps to show the reader how the
story moves.

Most of the common transitional words are first, next, then, after and
suddenly.
 ASSESSMENT
TIME!
Read the paragraph and answer the questions
that follows.
 LET ME SHARE MY STORY!
Being a transferee is never easy. At first, I was hesitant to come but my mother told
me that I would find new friends in Masayahin Senior High School. I would never
forget the day I first entered this school, I felt so shy and nervous. I did not know
anyone for I was a new Grade 11 student. When I entered my first class looking for
a chair to sit in, a boy sitting beside the window sill asked me, “Are you new in this
school?” and I answered shyly, “Yes.” Then, he offered me the vacant seat beside
him. He was Jasper, an old student in that school.
We got along with each other well in our class. We worked on our assignments
and school projects. , he slept in our house doing our research work. After a year,
we both realized that in many ways we had a lot of similarities in terms of interests
in life. In the end, we became best of friends.
 FIND THE ANSWERS TO THESE
QUESTIONS.
1. Where and when did the story happen?
2. What transitional devices are used to indicate
the chronological order of time?
3. What event happened first?
4. What does the paragraph tell?
5. What sequence is presented in the story?
THANK
YOU!
DESCRIPTION
Patterns of Development
MAKE SENSE OF YOUR SENSES!
 COMPLETE ME, I’M INCOMPLETE!
Complete the table by supplying words or phrases that best
describe the given subject.

SMELL TASTE TOUCH

Subject SIGHT HEARING (OLFACTORY) (GUSTATORY) (TACTILE)
(VISUAL) (AUDITORY)

MY FIVE BIG BRIGHT BIG LOUD HOT GOOD SAND

SENSES SUN DRUM CINNAMON THINGS
BUNS
 KEEP ME IN YOUR
According to Dayagbil & et al, 2016, the use of description plays an
important role to elucidate the nature of people, places and things.
A series of detailed observation about the subject can help you create a
good descriptive paragraph.
Involves the use of adjectives and adverbs in the paragraph.
Sensory languages- words we used to describe how your subject looks,
sounds, feels, smells or even tastes.
Objective description-writer presents impartial and actual picture of the
subject without biases just like when you give your description of an
experiment in class.
Subjective description-where the writer gives personal impression of what
is observed.
 ASSESSMENT
TIME!
Read the paragraph and answer the questions
that follows.
 Develop a composition using description as pattern of
paragraph development. Make a vivid picture of your dream
job/work/profession in the future. Useat least ten descriptive
words.
Rubric

5 Sensory Images
3 Discourse
2 Overall Presentation
10 Total
THANK
YOU!
DEFINITION
Patterns of Development
 READ AND UNDERSTAND ME!
An estimated 50 years old, giant
Crocodylus porosus is a saltwater
crocodile. It was the largest crocodile caught
alive in Buhawan of Agusan del Sur.
According to residents, it is known to attack
people and had eaten animals.

The biggest crocodile was given the name of “Lolong” after

the name of Ernesto “Lolong” Goloran, who is one of the
veteran hunters from the Palawan Crocodile and Wildlife
Reservation Center, who led the hunt.
 READ AND UNDERSTAND ME!
Dr. Adam Britton, an Australian zoologist and crocodile
expert, measured Lolong at 6.17 m (20 ft. 3 in). And in
June 2012 Lolong was officially certified by the Guinness
Book of World Records as the “world’s largest crocodile in
captivity”.

According to the experts of the National

Geographic Channel, Lolong breaks the record
of the previous record-holder with a
measurement of 5.48 m (18 FT 0 in).
 QUESTIONS:
1. What is being defined in this paragraph?

2. Do the supporting points help you

understand the definition better?
Are there facts, reasons, examples, and details
that make it even clearer?

3. What transition words are used between

supporting points?
 KEEP ME IN YOUR
Definitions provide concise but exact meanings of unfamiliar words and
explain special meanings for familiar words.
They are often used to explain technical words and concepts.
What to define always depends on the needs of the reader and the
purpose of communication.
Informal definition Formal definition
Denotation-is the dictionary Three principal parts:
meaning of the word. (i). the species (WORD) n
(ii). Genus (CLASS)
Ex. Rose is a family of prickly (iii). Differentiae.
shrub with pinnate leaves and
showy flowers.
 Informal definition Formal definition
Connotation-is the secondary meaning Three principal parts:
of a word and not necessarily included (i). the species (WORD) n
in the dictionary. (ii). Genus (CLASS)
It is how a writer understands a (iii). Differentiae
word based on their own personal or Usually followed by “is” and
consensual experiences. “are” and the CLASS or general
Ex. A dozen of pink roses is usually group to which the objects
given to their beloved ones. belongs.
Ex. Skimming (species) is a
reading technique (class) of
allowing the eyes to travel over a
page very quickly, stopping only
here and there to gain an idea
(differentiae).
 Expanded Definition
Methods Examples
By stating its San Pablo City is one of the oldest towns in the Philippines and
characteristics today, it is known as one of the first-class cities in the
province of Laguna. It is also called the City of Seven Lakes
namely: Bunot Lake, Calibato Lake, Mohicap Lake, Palakpakin
Lake, Pandin Lake, Sampaloc Lake, and Yambo lake. These
seven freshwater lakes are crater form of a steam-blast
eruption from Mt. Cristobal.
By function In this time of global crisis, everyone is responsible for their
actions, such as following the precautionary measures given by
the health experts to avoid the spread of the virus.
By what it is Far from the normal situations that we had before, the
not pandemic makes each one of us skip buying unnecessary items.
 Methods Examples
By what it is Jollibee and McDonalds both offer savory chicken and
similar to delicious pasta that children love.
By Examples The opening of the classes for School Year 2020 -2021 amidst
the pandemic is a great challenge to the Departmen
Education. They continue researching different alternative
ways of teaching and learning to be implemented in schools
such as online learning, modular learning, and lastly learning
from TV shows and radio programs.
By origin of Writers around the world define literature in different ways.
word or The origin of the word literature is derived from the Latin
etymology word Litera which means letter.
 Methods Examples
By its effect Due to the global pandemic, specifically COVID-19, the world
embraces the new normal. People have become more
conscious about sanitation and hygiene. They now learn
physical distancing in public places. And, most of the people
stay at home either working or developing new hobbies and
exploring new things.
ASSESSMENT
TIME!
 Define “COVID-19” using the rules you have learned. You
may also choose to use the outline below to help you in
writing a good definition paragraph.
Topic sentence: COVID-19 is_______________________________
 First (supporting Point#1) + (Fact, reason, or detail)
 In addition (supporting point #2) + (Fact, reason,
example or detail)
 Finally, (supporting Point #3 + (Fact, reason, example or
detail)
 Conclusion: In the end, COVID is_________________________
The following score guide may be used to rate your output.
THANK
YOU!
Exemplification
and
Classification
Patterns of Development
 READ AND UNDERSTAND ME BEFORE
COMPLETING ME!
Humans are often harmed by pollution. The presence of the hazardous
substances brought about by these three major types of pollution: land, air and
water gravely affects our health. For instance, a person may acquire skin
problems and other deformities from the toxic wastes present in the land that we
live in such as garbage, pesticides, heavy metals and other chemicals.
Air pollution caused by toxic gases, solid and liquid particles or aerosols, and
other hazardous air pollutants adversely contaminate the air that we breathe.
Long-term exposure to air pollutants has been linked with diseases of the heart
and lungs, cancers and other health problems.
 Lastly, water pollution observed in our primary water sources like oceans,
rivers, and lakes is caused by the presence of industrial wastes, sewage and waste
waters, chemical fertilizers and pesticides to be specific. Infectious diseases can
be acquired through contaminated water and can cause cholera, jaundice, liver
damage and stomach illness in people.
 QUESTIONS:
1. How can you say that the words and
phrases that you have just written all
exemplify that of the
(a) topic sentence,
(b) classification,
(c) examples and d) transition words?
 KEEP ME IN YOUR
Exemplification (or illustration) is the most common and
effective pattern to explain an idea or point.
In developing this kind of paragraph, the writer develops a
general statement –the topic sentence, with one or more
examples to support it.
Transitional expressions
namely,
to be specify,
to clarify, to illustrate,
for example,
in short,
as an example
 KEEP ME IN YOUR
Classification is used when a writer needs to sort out or arrange
subjects to groups or categories based on their common and
shared characteristics.
Transitional expressions
classified as,
one kind,
the last group,
another kind,
another, final type,
the first category,
are categorized as,
the next part.
ASSESSMENT
TIME!
WHAT SHOULD I DO?
WHAT SHOULD I DO?
Comparison and
Contrast
Patterns of Development
My Junior & Senior High School thoughts

Junior Both Senior

 KEEP ME IN YOUR
Comparison in writing discusses elements that are
similar. Contrast in writing discusses elements or
ideas that are different. A compare-and-contrast
essay, then analyzes two subjects comparing them,
contrasting them, or both.
However, its purpose is not to simply state the
obvious but rather to illustrate subtle differences or
unexpected similarities between two subjects.
 2 common ways
Block Method is used to compare and contrast two
subjects one at a time.
You may begin by saying everything you have to say
about the first subject you are discussing then move
on and write everything about your second subject.

Point-by-point comparison-if you would want to

address one subject at a time, you may use.
ASSESSMENT
TIME!
Brainstorm an essay topic leaning towards
comparison or contrast. Choose one among the
three items then come up with at least one
similarity and three differences.
 Cell phone units and brands
 Fast food chains and fine dining restaurants
 Enrolling in college or getting employed
after Senior High School
Rubric
Cause and
Effect
Patterns of Development
 READ ME CAREFULLY, TO EXACTLY FILL
ME!
Discoveries and invention of devices are always welcome until we,
humans, find a way to abuse its benefits and be adversely affected by
it. This was the case when Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-ray and
within five years, the British Army was using a mobile x-ray unit to
locate bullets and shrapnel in wounded soldiers in the Sudan.
TV was also invented with positive thoughts in mind – there would
be no national borders, education and communication would be
worldwide, etc. However, we are now trying to overcome its
physiological and psychological adverse effects on human beings.
CAUSE EFFECT
 QUESTIONS:

1. What is the main idea of the text?

2. What states the cause of the idea?
3. What states the results of the idea?
 KEEP ME IN YOUR
The following guide questions can be used for
cause-effect development:
 Why did it happen?
 What caused it?
 What does it cause?
 What are the effects?
 How is it related to something else?
 KEEP ME IN YOUR
Signal Words
CAUSE-like as a consequence of, as a result of,
because, because of, now that and since.
EFFECT-accordingly, consequently, hence, so,
therefore, and this resulted.
ASSESSMENT
TIME!
TELLING LIES: CAUSE AND EFFECT

Rubric
Problem-
Solution
Patterns of Development
 READ ME CAREFULLY, TO IDENTIFY THE
PROBLEM/s & SOLUTIONs
Healing a Child’s Stitches and Burns
By Emerson T. Armero
 There can be no doubt that a large number of
CIFL or children in conflict with the law may
commit more juvenile crimes despite the
intense effort of teachers, the barangays, the
police and the guidance offices. This poses a
huge challenge to government authorities and
the whole society as well since these minors
are protected by law and should not be harmed
 Basically, while being interrogated upon, these child
offenders do not take their case seriously. They
sometimes treat their offense as a practical joke similar
to an amusing snapchat or a tiktok moment. Others
consider their waywardness as part of their growing up
years – their being young, wild and free. And they blend
with the other regulars, thereby establishing an
organization of future gangsters. Unfortunately, they are
not given the chance to reform their character because
they cannot go to jail and should be with their parents’
 There might be two doable solutions to overcome
the problem mentioned in the previous paragraphs.
The first step would be to give them the opportunity
to intensely rehabilitate and provide educational
programs suited to their needs and abilities which
will prepare them in the harsh realities of life. It is
also equally important that they get the full support
and encouragement of their parents and fellow
learners.
 It is reasonable to conclude that education still
paves the way for CIFL learners to mend their
ways. Furthermore, it is still everybody’s
responsibility to help them change, to motivate
them to change and stay away from temptations
that may inevitably arise.