鮪魚：修订间差异
删除的内容 添加的内容
Groverlynn（留言 | 贡献） 小 →top |
|||
| （未显示10个用户的16个中间版本） | |||
| 第1行： | 第1行： | ||
| ⚫ | |||
{{noteTA |
{{noteTA |
||
| ⚫ | |||
|G1=Unit |
| G1 = Unit |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| 1 = zh-cn:金枪鱼; zh-tw:鮪魚; zh-hk:吞拿魚;zh-mo:亞東魚; |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
| ⚫ | |||
{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
||
| fossil_range = [[伊普雷斯期]]至今<br />{{Fossil range|56.0|0}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Tribe Thunnini Starks 1910 |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |website=PBDB}}</ref> |
| fossil_range = [[伊普雷斯期]]至今<br />{{Fossil range|56.0|0}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Tribe Thunnini Starks 1910 |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |website=PBDB |access-date=2019-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121064857/https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=352611&is_real_user=1 |archive-date=2019-01-21 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |
||
| name = 鮪魚 |
| name = 鮪魚 |
||
| image = tuna_assortment.png |
| image = tuna_assortment.png |
||
| 第20行： | 第21行： | ||
}} |
}} |
||
{{地区用词|cn=金枪鱼|tw=鮪魚|hk=吞拿魚}}，是一種海水魚類，屬於[[鯖科]]下面的'''金槍魚[[族 (生物)|族]]'''（{{sn|Thunnini}}）。本族包含5[[屬 (生物)|屬]]15[[物種|種]]鮪魚<ref name=Graham2004>{{cite journal|last=Graham|first=Jeffrey B.|author2=Dickson, Kathryn A. |title=Tuna Comparative Physiology|journal=The Journal of Experimental Biology|year=2004|volume=207|issue=23|pages=4015–4024|doi=10.1242/jeb.01267|pmid=15498947}}</ref>，各物種之間大小變化很大，最小的鮪魚是[[圓舵鰹]]，其最大長度為{{convert|50|cm|ft|abbr=on}}，重量為{{convert|1.8|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}；最大的鮪魚則是[[北方藍鰭金槍魚]]，其最大長度為{{convert|4.6|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}，重量為{{convert|684|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}，平均長度為{{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}}，據信其壽命可以長達50歲。 |
|||
鮪魚、[[月魚屬]]以及[[鼠鯊目]]是目前僅存可將體溫維持在比周圍水體溫度高的物種。鮪魚是一種活躍而敏捷的食肉動物，該物種擁有光滑的流線型身體，也是游動速度最快的遠洋魚類之一；舉例，[[黃鰭金槍魚]]的游動速度可達{{Convert|75|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Block|first=Barbara A.|author2=Booth, David |
鮪魚、[[月魚屬]]以及[[鼠鯊目]]是目前僅存可將體溫維持在比周圍水體溫度高的物種。鮪魚是一種活躍而敏捷的食肉動物，該物種擁有光滑的流線型身體，也是游動速度最快的遠洋魚類之一；舉例，[[黃鰭金槍魚]]的游動速度可達{{Convert|75|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Block|first=Barbara A.|author2=Booth, David|author3=Carey, Francis G.|title=Direct measurement of swimming speeds and depth of blue marlin|journal=Journal of Experimental Biology|year=1992|volume=166|pages=267–284|url=http://jeb.biologists.org/content/166/1/267.full.pdf|accessdate=19 September 2012|issn=0022-0949|archive-date=2015-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904044712/http://jeb.biologists.org/content/166/1/267.full.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>。鮪魚常在溫暖海域出現，故而成為一種大量商業捕撈的对象，也是釣魚活動當中的一種受歡迎魚類。然而，由於人類的[[過度捕魚|過度捕撈]]，[[藍鰭金槍魚]]等部分鮪魚物種已深陷[[滅絕]]危機<ref name=IUCNmaccoyii>{{IUCN2014.3 |assessors=Collette B and 8 others |year=2011 |id=21858 |title=Thunnus maccoyii |downloaded=9 January 2015}} "This species has been intensively fished since the early 1950s. Its generation length is conservatively estimated to be 12 years. Estimated spawning stock biomass has declined approximately 85% over the past 36 years (1973–2009) and there is no sign that the spawning stock is rebuilding. It is therefore listed as Critically Endangered. Implementation of effective conservation and management measures are urgently needed."</ref>。 |
||
==詞源== |
==詞源== |
||
| 第48行： | 第49行： | ||
* Clover, Charles. 2004. ''{{le|魚線的盡頭|The End of the Line (book)|The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat}}''. Ebury Press, London. {{ISBN|0-09-189780-7}} |
* Clover, Charles. 2004. ''{{le|魚線的盡頭|The End of the Line (book)|The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat}}''. Ebury Press, London. {{ISBN|0-09-189780-7}} |
||
* [[FAO]]: Species Catalog Vol. 2 Scombrids of the World. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Volume 2. FIR/S125 Vol. 2.{{ISBN|92-5-101381-0}} |
* [[FAO]]: Species Catalog Vol. 2 Scombrids of the World. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Volume 2. FIR/S125 Vol. 2.{{ISBN|92-5-101381-0}} |
||
* [[FAO]]: Review of the state of world marine fishery resources: [http://firms.fao.org/firms/resource/16001/en Tuna and tuna-like species – Global, 2005] Rome. |
* [[FAO]]: Review of the state of world marine fishery resources: [http://firms.fao.org/firms/resource/16001/en Tuna and tuna-like species – Global, 2005] {{Wayback|url=http://firms.fao.org/firms/resource/16001/en |date=20110316231849 }} Rome. |
||
* Majkowski, Jacek (1995) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/y5852e/Y5852E08.htm#ch3.1 "Tuna and tuna-like species"] In: ''Review of the state of world marine fishery resources'', FAO Fisheries technical paper 457, FAO, Rome. {{ISBN|978-92-5-107023-9}}. |
* Majkowski, Jacek (1995) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/y5852e/Y5852E08.htm#ch3.1 "Tuna and tuna-like species"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/y5852e/Y5852E08.htm#ch3.1 |date=20190127030653 }} In: ''Review of the state of world marine fishery resources'', FAO Fisheries technical paper 457, FAO, Rome. {{ISBN|978-92-5-107023-9}}. |
||
* Majkowski J, Arrizabalaga H, Carocci F and Murua H (2011) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/i2389e/i2389e.zip "Tuna and tuna-like species"] In: ''Review of the state of world marine fishery resources'', pages 227–244, FAO Fisheries technical paper 569, FAO, Rome. {{ISBN|978-92-5-107023-9}}. |
* Majkowski J, Arrizabalaga H, Carocci F and Murua H (2011) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/i2389e/i2389e.zip "Tuna and tuna-like species"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/i2389e/i2389e.zip |date=20160303170625 }} In: ''Review of the state of world marine fishery resources'', pages 227–244, FAO Fisheries technical paper 569, FAO, Rome. {{ISBN|978-92-5-107023-9}}. |
||
* Standard of Identity for Canned Tuna (United States), Code of Federal Regulations: 21 CFR 161.190 – Canned tuna. |
* Standard of Identity for Canned Tuna (United States), Code of Federal Regulations: 21 CFR 161.190 – Canned tuna. |
||
* Viñas J and Tudela S (2009) [http://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/3594/1/Validated-Methodology.pdf "A validated methodology for genetic identification of tuna species (genus ''Thunnus'')"] ''PLoS One'', '''4'''(10): e7606. |
* Viñas J and Tudela S (2009) [http://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/3594/1/Validated-Methodology.pdf "A validated methodology for genetic identification of tuna species (genus ''Thunnus'')"] ''PLoS One'', '''4'''(10): e7606. |
||
| 第58行： | 第59行： | ||
{{Cookbook}} |
{{Cookbook}} |
||
{{Commons category|Scombridae}} |
{{Commons category|Scombridae}} |
||
* [https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/bluefin-tuna-chinese-cobra-and-others-added-to-red-list-of-threatened-species/ Bluefin Tuna, Chinese Cobra and Others Added to Red List of Threatened Species], Scientific American, November 18, 2014 |
* [https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/bluefin-tuna-chinese-cobra-and-others-added-to-red-list-of-threatened-species/ Bluefin Tuna, Chinese Cobra and Others Added to Red List of Threatened Species] {{Wayback|url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/bluefin-tuna-chinese-cobra-and-others-added-to-red-list-of-threatened-species/ |date=20210322055247 }}, Scientific American, November 18, 2014 |
||
* [https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104543&org=NSF&from=news How Hot Tuna (and Some Sharks) Stay Warm] National Science Foundation, October 27, 2005 |
* [https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104543&org=NSF&from=news How Hot Tuna (and Some Sharks) Stay Warm] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=104543&org=NSF&from=news |date=20210420141808 }} National Science Foundation, October 27, 2005 |
||
*[https://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw/chi/home.php 臺灣魚類資料庫] |
*[https://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw/chi/home.php 臺灣魚類資料庫] {{Wayback|url=https://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw/chi/home.php |date=20210429233226 }} |
||
*[https://health.udn.com/health/story/6037/353744 鮪魚季 要不要吃鮪魚？] |
*[https://health.udn.com/health/story/6037/353744 鮪魚季 要不要吃鮪魚？] {{Wayback|url=https://health.udn.com/health/story/6037/353744 |date=20210210023410 }} |
||
{{Tuna|state=autocollapse}} |
{{Tuna|state=autocollapse}} |
||
| 第69行： | 第70行： | ||
[[Category:鯖科]] |
[[Category:鯖科]] |
||
[[Category:食用魚]] |
|||
2023年7月15日 (六) 21:22的最新版本
鮪魚 | |
|---|---|
| |
| 各種鮪魚（從最上方開始）：長鰭鮪魚、北方藍鰭金槍魚、鰹、黃鰭金槍魚、短鮪 | |
科学分类 
| |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 辐鳍鱼綱 Actinopteri |
| 目： | 鲭形目 Scombriformes |
| 科： | 鯖科 Scombridae |
| 亚科： | 鲭亚科 Scombrinae |
| 族： | 金槍魚族 Thunnini Starks, 1910 |
| 屬 | |
金枪鱼（香港作吞拿魚，台湾作鮪魚），是一種海水魚類，屬於鯖科下面的金槍魚族（學名：Thunnini）。本族包含5屬15種鮪魚[2]，各物種之間大小變化很大，最小的鮪魚是圓舵鰹，其最大長度為50 cm（1.6英尺），重量為1.8公斤（4磅）；最大的鮪魚則是北方藍鰭金槍魚，其最大長度為4.6米（15英尺），重量為684公斤（1,508磅），平均長度為2米（6.6英尺），據信其壽命可以長達50歲。
鮪魚、月魚屬以及鼠鯊目是目前僅存可將體溫維持在比周圍水體溫度高的物種。鮪魚是一種活躍而敏捷的食肉動物，該物種擁有光滑的流線型身體，也是游動速度最快的遠洋魚類之一；舉例，黃鰭金槍魚的游動速度可達75 km/h（47 mph）[3]。鮪魚常在溫暖海域出現，故而成為一種大量商業捕撈的对象，也是釣魚活動當中的一種受歡迎魚類。然而，由於人類的過度捕撈，藍鰭金槍魚等部分鮪魚物種已深陷滅絕危機[4]。
詞源
[编辑]鮪魚的英語「tuna」衍生自古希臘語θύννος（thýnnos）的中世紀拉丁語格式Thunnus──而該詞又衍生自θύνω（thýnō），「匆忙、飛奔」之意[5][6]。
然而，英文种「tuna」的直接來源為美洲西班牙語，並依序源自西班牙語「atún」、安達盧西亞阿拉伯語「at-tūn」（同化於阿拉伯语的التون，al-tūn，現代阿拉伯語為التن），然後再往前才是自上述提及之希臘語和拉丁文之來源[7]。
分類
[编辑]註釋
[编辑]- ^ Tribe Thunnini Starks 1910. PBDB. [2019-06-16]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-21）.
- ^ Graham, Jeffrey B.; Dickson, Kathryn A. Tuna Comparative Physiology. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 2004, 207 (23): 4015–4024. PMID 15498947. doi:10.1242/jeb.01267.
- ^ Block, Barbara A.; Booth, David; Carey, Francis G. Direct measurement of swimming speeds and depth of blue marlin (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 1992, 166: 267–284 [19 September 2012]. ISSN 0022-0949. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-09-04）.
- ^ Collette B and 8 others. Thunnus maccoyii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011. [9 January 2015]. "This species has been intensively fished since the early 1950s. Its generation length is conservatively estimated to be 12 years. Estimated spawning stock biomass has declined approximately 85% over the past 36 years (1973–2009) and there is no sign that the spawning stock is rebuilding. It is therefore listed as Critically Endangered. Implementation of effective conservation and management measures are urgently needed."
- ^ θύννος in Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, revised and augmented throughout by Jones, Sir Henry Stuart, with the assistance of McKenzie, Roderick. Oxford: Clarendon Press. In the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University.
- ^ θύνω in Liddell and Scott.
- ^ Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. American Heritage Dictionary Entry: tuna. ahdictionary.com. [2019-06-16]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-24）.
參考文獻
[编辑]- Clover, Charles. 2004. The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat. Ebury Press, London. ISBN 0-09-189780-7
- FAO: Species Catalog Vol. 2 Scombrids of the World. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Volume 2. FIR/S125 Vol. 2.ISBN 92-5-101381-0
- FAO: Review of the state of world marine fishery resources: Tuna and tuna-like species – Global, 2005 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Rome.
- Majkowski, Jacek (1995) "Tuna and tuna-like species" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） In: Review of the state of world marine fishery resources, FAO Fisheries technical paper 457, FAO, Rome. ISBN 978-92-5-107023-9.
- Majkowski J, Arrizabalaga H, Carocci F and Murua H (2011) "Tuna and tuna-like species" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） In: Review of the state of world marine fishery resources, pages 227–244, FAO Fisheries technical paper 569, FAO, Rome. ISBN 978-92-5-107023-9.
- Standard of Identity for Canned Tuna (United States), Code of Federal Regulations: 21 CFR 161.190 – Canned tuna.
- Viñas J and Tudela S (2009) "A validated methodology for genetic identification of tuna species (genus Thunnus)" PLoS One, 4(10): e7606.
外部連結
[编辑]
- Bluefin Tuna, Chinese Cobra and Others Added to Red List of Threatened Species （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Scientific American, November 18, 2014
- How Hot Tuna (and Some Sharks) Stay Warm （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） National Science Foundation, October 27, 2005
- 臺灣魚類資料庫 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- 鮪魚季 要不要吃鮪魚？ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.png)
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|