Global Satellite Retrievals of the Near-Surface Atmospheric Vapor Pressure Deficit from AMSR-E and AMSR2
Abstract
:1. Introducción
2. Datasets
2.1. AMSR LPDR
2.2. ISH Record
2.3. MERRA-2 Reanalysis
3. Methods
3.1. Theoretical Basis
3.2. AMSR VPD Calculation
4. Results
4.1. AMSR Global VPD Mapping
4.2. Quantitative Comparisons between AMSR and ISH VPD
4.3. Evaluations of AMSR y Estimates
5. Discussion
5.1. Retrieval Uncertainties of AMSR VPD, , and
5.2. Consistency of the AMSR VPD Data Record
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Land Cover # | Sites # | Obs. # | R# | ACC # | Bias (kPa) | RMSE # (kPa) | rRMSE # (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MERRA-2/AMSR (2010 representing AMSR-E period) | |||||||
ENF | 3 | 648 | 0.86/0.86 | 0.78/0.84 | −0.15/0.11 | 0.31/0.29 | 52%/47% |
EBF | 8 | 1599 | 0.68/0.77 | 0.62/0.73 | −0.23/−0.25 | 0.84/0.61 | 43%/31% |
DNF | 1 | 174 | 0.80/0.84 | 0.74/0.82 | −0.34/0.12 | 0.54/0.41 | 52%/39% |
DBF | 1 | 248 | 0.88/0.94 | 0.82/0.89 | 0.02/−0.18 | 0.54/0.38 | 39%/28% |
MF | 4 | 978 | 0.88/0.90 | 0.81/0.85 | −0.15/0.11 | 0.36/0.31 | 43%/37% |
SHR | 15 | 3323 | 0.96/0.91 | 0.97/0.92 | 0.08/0.09 | 0.53/0.74 | 26%/36% |
WSAV | 5 | 1116 | 0.89/0.94 | 0.81/0.90 | −0.20/−0.17 | 0.84/0.56 | 38%/25% |
SAV | 1 | 221 | 0.81/0.87 | 0.80/0.87 | 0.71/0.17 | 1.02/0.53 | 52%/27% |
GRS | 7 | 1553 | 0.94/0.89 | 0.90/0.81 | 0.08/0.18 | 0.41/0.58 | 24%/34% |
CRO | 8 | 1988 | 0.87/0.85 | 0.78/0.76 | 0.01/0.03 | 0.44/0.51 | 44%/49% |
UB | 1 | 179 | 0.88/0.93 | 0.71/0.85 | −0.63/−0.46 | 0.85/0.61 | 68%/48% |
CNVM | 2 | 512 | 0.91/0.91 | 0.87/0.87 | 0.00/−0.11 | 0.40/0.41 | 32%/33% |
BSV | 11 | 2651 | 0.97/0.90 | 0.94/0.82 | 0.55/0.34 | 0.82/1.06 | 25%/32% |
Overall | 67 | 15190 | 0.94/0.91 | 0.94/0.91 | 0.07/0.07 | 0.63/0.69 | 33%/36% |
MERRA-2/AMSR (2013 representing AMSR2 period) | |||||||
ENF | 3 | 707 | 0.87/0.90 | 0.81/0.86 | −0.29/−0.23 | 0.48/0.42 | 63%/55% |
EBF | 8 | 1524 | 0.67/0.70 | 0.65/0.69 | −0.16/−0.14 | 0.78/0.63 | 50%/40% |
DNF | 1 | 176 | 0.90/0.92 | 0.87/0.91 | −0.06/−0.23 | 0.36/0.41 | 32%/37% |
DBF | 1 | 216 | 0.85/0.93 | 0.81/0.86 | 0.15/0.18 | 0.38/0.29 | 49%/38% |
MF | 4 | 817 | 0.87/0.90 | 0.81/0.86 | −0.15/0.02 | 0.44/0.37 | 44%/37% |
SHR | 15 | 2671 | 0.97/0.95 | 0.97/0.95 | −0.15/−0.07 | 0.50/0.67 | 27%/35% |
WSAV | 5 | 1171 | 0.94/0.92 | 0.93/0.91 | 0.20/−0.12 | 0.68/0.61 | 34%/31% |
SAV | 1 | 182 | 0.78/0.88 | 0.80/0.84 | −0.50/−0.64 | 1.08/0.89 | 27%/23% |
GRS | 7 | 1471 | 0.93/0.92 | 0.88/0.87 | 0.26/0.14 | 0.59/0.56 | 32%/30% |
CRO | 8 | 1681 | 0.84/0.88 | 0.72/0.75 | 0.11/−0.03 | 0.50/0.40 | 49%/38% |
UB | 1 | 223 | 0.89/0.94 | 0.80/0.83 | 0.03/−0.03 | 0.39/0.28 | 39%/28% |
CNVM | 2 | 433 | 0.81/0.88 | 0.70/0.78 | 0.09/−0.06 | 0.45/0.32 | 54%/39% |
BSV | 11 | 2247 | 0.94/0.88 | 0.89/0.81 | 0.18/−0.10 | 0.71/0.95 | 22%/30% |
Overall | 67 | 13519 | 0.94/0.92 | 0.93/0.92 | 0.01/−0.07 | 0.60/0.64 | 33%/35% |
Land Cover # | Site # | Obs. # | R# | ACC # | Bias (kPa) | RMSE # (kPa) | rRMSE # (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MERRA-2/AMSR (2010 representing AMSR-E period) | |||||||
ENF | 3 | 607 | 0.19/0.28 | 0.11/0.22 | −0.08/−0.01 | 0.15/0.16 | 133%/135% |
EBF | 8 | 1614 | 0.41/0.32 | 0.37/0.27 | −0.02/0.06 | 0.30/0.31 | 123%/130% |
DNF | 1 | 150 | −0.04/0.07 | −0.09/−0.05 | −0.05/0.11 | 0.16/0.24 | 155%/231% |
DBF | 1 | 242 | 0.48/0.46 | 0.42/0.34 | −0.13/−0.01 | 0.28/0.29 | 100%/102% |
MF | 4 | 950 | 0.21/0.48 | 0.20/0.49 | −0.11/−0.03 | 0.20/0.19 | 135%/124% |
SHR | 15 | 3086 | 0.89/0.77 | 0.89/0.78 | −0.17/0.07 | 0.42/0.54 | 55%/72% |
WSAV | 5 | 1200 | 0.66/0.67 | 0.50/0.46 | −0.11/0.11 | 0.43/0.40 | 83%/78% |
SAV | 1 | 214 | 0.66/0.38 | 0.42/0.22 | 0.25/0.03 | 0.47/0.39 | 91%/76% |
GRS | 7 | 1512 | 0.66/0.56 | 0.55/0.37 | −0.10/0.26 | 0.31/0.45 | 73%/105% |
CRO | 8 | 1775 | 0.56/0.63 | 0.49/0.59 | −0.06/0.05 | 0.22/0.21 | 101%/97% |
UB | 1 | 236 | 0.37/0.62 | 0.05/0.16 | −0.28/−0.12 | 0.36/0.24 | 104%/70% |
CNVM | 2 | 493 | 0.47/0.54 | 0.40/0.48 | −0.08/0.06 | 0.24/0.22 | 86%/79% |
BSV | 11 | 2527 | 0.91/0.80 | 0.85/0.69 | −0.08/0.05 | 0.53/0.78 | 37%/54% |
Overall | 67 | 14606 | 0.90/0.82 | 0.89/0.81 | −0.10/0.07 | 0.37/0.48 | 63%/80% |
MERRA-2/AMSR (2013 representing AMSR2 period) | |||||||
ENF | 3 | 642 | 0.29/0.22 | 0.23/0.14 | −0.14/−0.07 | 0.23/0.22 | 133%/123% |
EBF | 8 | 1492 | 0.32/0.15 | 0.31/0.12 | −0.07/0.05 | 0.26/0.32 | 121%/153% |
DNF | 1 | 156 | 0.17/0.29 | 0.04/0.26 | −0.10/−0.18 | 0.32/0.32 | 124%/125% |
DBF | 1 | 208 | 0.23/0.24 | 0.23/0.08 | −0.13/−0.01 | 0.19/0.24 | 102%/125% |
MF | 4 | 762 | 0.10/0.42 | 0.05/0.36 | −0.08/0.06 | 0.22/0.25 | 130%/149% |
SHR | 15 | 2474 | 0.89/0.82 | 0.89/0.82 | −0.23/−0.08 | 0.51/0.58 | 63%/71% |
WSAV | 5 | 1059 | 0.72/0.72 | 0.70/0.71 | −0.16/−0.09 | 0.45/0.42 | 76%/71% |
SAV | 1 | 181 | 0.58/0.47 | 0.11/0.17 | −0.04/0.23 | 0.58/0.60 | 60%/62% |
GRS | 7 | 1424 | 0.76/0.66 | 0.68/0.54 | −0.06/0.27 | 0.30/0.45 | 62%/93% |
CRO | 8 | 1596 | 0.40/0.52 | 0.31/0.41 | −0.06/0.09 | 0.24/0.26 | 107%/119% |
UB | 1 | 199 | 0.56/0.62 | 0.48/0.43 | −0.20/0.04 | 0.28/0.22 | 90%/70% |
CNVM | 2 | 359 | 0.20/0.35 | 0.21/0.31 | −0.03/0.02 | 0.24/0.24 | 127%/130% |
BSV | 11 | 2162 | 0.82/0.70 | 0.69/0.60 | −0.27/−0.02 | 0.72/0.82 | 49%/56% |
Overall | 67 | 12714 | 0.87/0.80 | 0.86/0.80 | −0.15/0.02 | 0.44/0.50 | 72%/82% |
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Du, J.; Kimball, J.S.; Reichle, R.H.; Jones, L.A.; Watts, J.D.; Kim, Y. Global Satellite Retrievals of the Near-Surface Atmospheric Vapor Pressure Deficit from AMSR-E and AMSR2. Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10081175
Du J, Kimball JS, Reichle RH, Jones LA, Watts JD, Kim Y. Global Satellite Retrievals of the Near-Surface Atmospheric Vapor Pressure Deficit from AMSR-E and AMSR2. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10(8):1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10081175
Chicago/Turabian StyleDu, Jinyang, John S. Kimball, Rolf H. Reichle, Lucas A. Jones, Jennifer D. Watts, and Youngwook Kim. 2018. "Global Satellite Retrievals of the Near-Surface Atmospheric Vapor Pressure Deficit from AMSR-E and AMSR2" Remote Sensing 10, no. 8: 1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10081175