School responses in Louisiana to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic
As students returned to school for the 2021-2022 school year, states set a variety of policies on education and the COVID-19 pandemic, including how schools should open to in-person instruction and whether students and staff would be required to wear masks. By the end of the 2020-2021 school year, about 66% of students nationwide were in states that left closure decisions to schools or districts, 33% were in states with state-ordered in-person instruction, and 1% were in states with state-ordered regional school closures.[1][2] All 50 states closed schools to in-person instruction at some point during the 2019-2020 school year in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
This article summarizes responses to the coronavirus in Louisiana schools in the academic years ending in 2020, 2021, and 2022. You will find:
- A timeline of events by school year
- A nationwide summary of school mask and vaccine requirements in the 2021-2022 school year
- A summary of school reopening statuses in the 2020-2021 academic year
- A summary of school reopening statuses in the 2019-2020 academic year
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Timeline by school year
Below is a list of major events involving schools in Louisiana during the coronavirus pandemic between 2019 and 2022, including school closings and openings, mask requirements, and the release of statewide operating guidance. Know of something we missed? Click here to email us and let us know.
2021-2022 school year
- May 18, 2022: Gov. John Bel Edwards (D) announced the state would be removing the coronavirus vaccine from the list of required immunizations in schools.[3]
- Feb. 16, 2022: Gov. John Bel Edwards (D) allowed the statewide school mask requirement to expire.[4]
- Dec. 14, 2021: Gov. John Bel Edwards (D) announced that the Louisiana Department of Health would add the coronavirus vaccine to the list of required vaccinations for students 16 and older, overriding the Louisiana House of Representatives Health and Welfare Committee’s Dec. 6 vote against the policy. He said parents could submit a written objection to opt out.[5]
- Dec. 6, 2021: The Louisiana House of Representatives Health and Welfare Committee voted 13-2 to reject a Louisiana Department of Health proposal that would have added the coronavirus vaccine to the list of required vaccinations for some students.[6]
- Oct. 26, 2021: Gov. John Bel Edwards (D) lifted the statewide indoor mask requirement for vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in all settings except for K-12 schools. School districts have the option not to require masks if they follow CDC quarantine guidelines.[7]
- Sept. 9, 2021: At the beginning of the school year, Burbio, a school data aggregator, reported four in-person schooling disruptions in Louisiana.[8][9]
2020-2021 school year
- June 29, 2021: At the end of the school year, Burbio reported most schools were in-person in Louisiana .[10][11]
- Sept. 10, 2020: At the beginning of the school year, Burbio reported about half of schools were in-person in Louisiana .[12][13]
- July 14, 2020: The Louisiana State Board of Elementary and Secondary Education voted unanimously to approve reopening guidelines proposed by Superintendent Cade Brumley. The guidelines included a requirement for all adults and students in grades 3 through 12 to wear face coverings.[14]
2019-2020 school year
- April 13, 2020: Gov. John Bel Edwards (D) closed schools for the remainder of the academic year. Prior to the announcement, schools were closed through April 30.[15]
- April 2, 2020: Edwards announced that the statewide school closure, scheduled to end April 13, was extended through April 30.[16]
- March 13, 2020: Edwards signed an executive order closing all K-12 schools statewide until April 13.[17]
Mask and vaccine requirements in the 2021-2022 school year
Mask requirements in schools
As of August 1, 2022, no states had school mask requirements in effect. Forty-two states left mask requirements in schools up to local authorities. Seven states banned school mask requirements.
The table below shows statewide school mask requirement laws and orders in states with school mask requirements or school mask requirement bans in place at the end of the 2021-2022 school year.
Mask requirement orders | |||
---|---|---|---|
State | Ban or requirement? | Type of order | Date lifted or altered |
Arizona | Ban | Legislative action | K.A. |
Arkansas | Ban | Legislative action | Sept. 30, 2021 - Suspended by court action |
California | Requirement | California Department of Public Health order | March 12, 2022 - Lifted by executive action |
Connecticut | Requirement | Executive order | Feb. 28, 2022 - Lifted by executive action |
Delaware | Requirement | Executive order | March 1, 2022 - Lifted by executive action |
Florida | Ban | Executive order | N/A[18] |
Georgien | Ban | Legislative action | K.A. |
Hawaii | Requirement | Executive order | Aug. 1, 2022 - Lifted by executive action |
Illinois | Requirement | Illinois Department of Public Health order | Feb. 4, 2022 - Suspended by court action[19] |
Iowa | Ban | Legislative action | May 16, 2022 - Reinstated by court action[20] |
Kentucky | Requirement | Kentucky Board of Education order | Sept. 9, 2021 - Suspended by state law |
Louisiana | Requirement | Executive order | Feb. 16, 2022 - Lifted by executive action[21] |
Maryland | Requirement | Maryland State Board of Education order | March 1, 2022 - Lifted by executive action[22] |
Massachusetts | Requirement | Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education order | Feb. 28, 2022 - Lifted by executive action[23] |
Nevada | Requirement | Executive order | Feb. 10, 2022 - Lifted by executive action |
New Jersey | Requirement | Executive order | March 7, 2022 - Lifted by executive action |
New Mexico | Requirement | New Mexico Public Education Department order | Feb. 17, 2022 - Lifted by executive action |
New York | Requirement | Executive order | March 3, 2022 - Lifted by executive action |
Oklahoma | Ban | Executive order | K.A. |
Oregon | Requirement | Oregon Health Authority and Department of Education order | March 12, 2022 - Lifted by executive action |
Pennsylvania | Requirement | Pennsylvania Department of Health order | Dec. 10, 2021 - Suspended by court action |
Rhode Island | Requirement | Executive order | March 4, 2022 - Lifted by executive action |
South Carolina | Ban | Legislative action | Sept. 28, 2021 - Temporarily suspended by court action |
Tennessee | Ban | Executive order | Dec. 10, 2021 - Suspended by court action |
Texas | Ban | Executive order | N/A[24] |
Utah | Ban | Legislative action | K.A. |
Virginia | Ban | Legislative action | K.A. |
Washington | Requirement | Washington State Department of Public Health order | March 12, 2022 - Lifted by executive action |
School mask requirements over time
School mask bans over time
Teacher and school employee vaccine requirements
Seven states had issued a statewide requirement for K-12 teachers and staff to be vaccinated against the coronavirus or receive regular coronavirus testing during the 2021-2022 school year. The table below shows teacher and staff vaccine requirement laws and orders in states that issued such policies during the 2021-2022 school year.
Vaccine requirement orders | |||
---|---|---|---|
State | Testing instead of vaccination allowed? | Type of order | Date effective |
California | Yes | California Department of Public Health order | Oct. 15, 2021 |
Connecticut | No | Executive order | Sept. 27, 2021 |
Delaware | Yes | Executive order | Nov. 1, 2021 |
Illinois | Yes | Executive order | Issued: Sept. 19, 2021 Suspended by court action on Feb. 4, 2022 |
New Jersey | Yes | Executive order | Oct. 18, 2021 |
New York | Yes | Executive order | Sept. 19, 2021 |
Oregon | No | Executive order | Oct. 18, 2021 |
Washington | No | Executive order | Oct. 18, 2021 |
Student vaccine requirements
On Oct. 1, 2021, California was the first state to announce a vaccine requirement for eligible students. Louisiana also announced a vaccine requirement for eligible students on Dec. 14, but then announced the state would be removing the coronavirus vaccine from the list of required immunizations in schools on May 18, 2022.
School reopenings and closures (2020-2021 academic year)
Initial school year operating plan
Louisiana released an initial operating plan for the 2020-2021 school year on July 14, 2020. An analysis of this plan appeared in our Documenting America's Path to Recovery newsletter on July 16. The sections below include an analysis of the plan, the details of the plan, and reactions from officials to the plan.
On July 14, the Louisiana State Board of Elementary and Secondary Education unanimously approved Superintendent Cade Brumley’s proposed reopening guidelines. Brumley said that the guidelines were “minimum health and safety standards for every school in the state,” while allowing local districts to create their own specific plans.
On March 13, Gov. John Bel Edwards (D) issued an executive order closing K-12 schools until April 13. On April 2, Edwards extended the closure through April 30. On April 13, Edwards made the closure effective for the remainder of the school year.
Louisiana does not have a statewide date for public schools to reopen. According to EdWeek, public schools in Louisiana traditionally start the school year in early August, with the exact start date varying by district.
Context
Louisiana has a divided government. The governor is a Democrat, and Republicans hold majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. The state has had a divided government since 2016.
The following tables show public education statistics in Louisiana, including a rank comparing it to the other 49 states. Rank one is the highest number of each figure, rank 50 is the lowest. All data comes from the Common Core of Data provided by the National Center for Education Statistics.
Louisiana school metrics | ||
---|---|---|
Kategorie | Figure | Rank |
Per pupil spending (16-17) | $12,542 | 31 |
Number of students (18-19) | 711,235 | 25 |
Number of teachers (Fall 2016) | 48,408 | 23 |
Number of public schools (18-19) | 1,384 | 26 |
Student:teacher ratio (18-19) | 18.3 | 7 |
Percent qualifying for free/reduced lunch (16-17) | 63.0% | 5 |
Louisiana school revenue | ||
---|---|---|
Kategorie | Figure | Rank |
Total revenue | $8,927,289,000 | 24 |
Federal revenue percent | 14.7% | 3 |
State revenue percent | 43.4% | 34 |
Local revenue percent | 41.9% | 25 |
Details
District reopening plans
Under the guidelines, school districts are responsible for creating their own reopening plans in accordance with the guidelines. Brumley said each district must submit its plan to the state for approval, but did not say whether the plans had to be posted publicly.
In-person, hybrid, and online learning
Under the guidelines, school districts must decide whether students will learn face-to-face, remotely, or using a hybrid model. Individual students may be considered for remote or hybrid learning based on academic, social, emotional, familial, or medical needs.
Mask requirements
The guidelines state that adults and students in grades 3 through 12 must wear face coverings to the greatest extent possible.
In-person health recommendations and requirements
The guidelines place a limit on the number of individuals who can gather in a single room or outdoors at one time depending on the state’s reopening phase. During Phase One, 10 individuals can meet at one time. That limit expands to 25 during Phase Two and 50 during Phase Three.
In a presentation on the guidelines, Brumley laid out how schools would respond to positive cases. If a school becomes aware of a presumptive case, the individual in question should not attend school until determined to be non-infectious by their doctor. School superintendents will be given authority, in consultation with the Office of Public Health, to determine whether a school must close if it becomes a coronavirus hotspot. Brumley said that one positive case did not mandate the closure of a classroom or school.
Transportation and bussing requirements and restrictions
As with meeting size limits, the guidelines determine bus capacity by the state’s reopening phase. During Phase One, buses may operate at 25% capacity. That capacity expands to 50% during Phase Two and 75% during Phase Three.
Map of school closures
The map below shows the status of school reopenings and closures at the end of the 2020-2021 academic year.
As of July 8, 2021, the status of school closures and reopenings was as follows:
- Two states (Delaware, Hawaii) and Washington, D.C. had state-ordered regional school closures, required closures for certain grade levels, or allowed hybrid instruction only.
- 2019-20 enrollment: 410,896 students (0.81% of students nationwide)
- Thirteen states had state-ordered in-person instruction.
- 2019-20 enrollment: 15,697,460 students (30.96% of students nationwide)
- One state (Arizona) had state-ordered in-person instruction for certain grades.
- 2019-20 enrollment: 1,152,586 students (2.27% of students nationwide)
- Thirty-four states left decisions to schools or districts.
- 2019-20 enrollment: 33,449,499 students (65.96% of students nationwide)
School reopenings and closures (2019-2020 academic year)
The map below shows the status of school reopenings and closures at the end of the 2019-2020 academic year.
- States closed to in-person instruction for the remainder of the 2019-2020 school year: 48
- Number of public school students in states closed to in-person instruction for the remainder of the 2019-2020 school year: 50,261,464
The chart below shows the first date schools in a state were closed to in-person instruction during the 2019-2020 academic year, divided by the political party of the governor.
School responses by state
To read about school responses to the coronavirus pandemic in others states, click one of the following links below:
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgien
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
General resources
The chart below shows coronavirus statistics from countries across the world. The information is provided by Real Clear Politics.
Click the links below to explore official resources related to the coronavirus outbreak.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
- National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor
- U.S. Department of Education
- World Health Organization
- Trends in Number of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in the US Reported to CDC, by State/Territory
- Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations, Our World in Data (Number of vaccines administered)
- Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker, New York Times (Progress of vaccine trials)
See also
- Documenting America's Path to Recovery
- School responses to the coronavirus pandemic by state (2021-2022 academic year)
- School responses to the coronavirus pandemic by state (2020-2021 academic year)
- Louisiana’s responses to the coronavirus pandemic
- COVID-19 vaccine distribution by state
- Travel restrictions by state
- Federal government responses to the coronavirus pandemic
Footnotes
- ↑ National Center for Education Statistics, "Number of operating public schools and districts, student membership, teachers, and pupil/teacher ratio, by state or jurisdiction: School year 2019–20," accessed September 10, 2021
- ↑ EducationWeek, "Map: Where Were Schools Required to Be Open for the 2020-21 School Year?" June 14, 2021
- ↑ Daily Advertiser, "Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards dropping COVID vaccine requirement for school children," May 18, 2022
- ↑ Louisiana Office of the Governor, "Gov. Edwards Extends COVID Public Health Emergency Order, Without Required Mitigation Measures," February 16, 2022
- ↑ Louisiana Office of the Governor, "Gov. Edwards Rejects House Committee Action on COVID-19 Vaccine, Will Add It to Louisiana’s School Immunization Schedule," December 14, 2021
- ↑ Ruston Daily Leader, "House rejects school vaccine requirement," December 8, 2021
- ↑ Louisiana Office of the Governor, "Gov. Edwards Lifts Louisiana’s Mask Mandate Statewide, Except for K-12 Schools," October 26, 2021
- ↑ To read more about Burbio's school disruption tracking, click here
- ↑ Burbio, "Burbio's K-12 School Opening Tracker," accessed August 27, 2021
- ↑ Burbio rated Louisiana's in-person index at 89.7. To read more about Burbio's school opening tracker, click here. To read more about Burbio's methodology, click here.
- ↑ Burbio, "Burbio's K-12 School Opening Tracker," accessed Oct. 6, 2021
- ↑ Burbio rated Louisiana's in-person index between 40-60. To read more about Burbio's school opening tracker, click here. To read more about Burbio's methodology, click here.
- ↑ Burbio, "Burbio's K-12 School Opening Tracker," accessed Oct. 6, 2021
- ↑ The Advocate, " Reopening rules of Louisiana public schools: BESE votes in face mask, social distancing policies," July 15, 2020
- ↑ The Times-Picayune, "Louisiana schools to remain closed for year amid coronavirus; some continuing remote learning," April 13, 2020
- ↑ The Lens, "Governor says Louisiana schools shuttered through April 30," April 2, 2020
- ↑ Office of the Louisiana Governor, "Gov. Edwards Signs Proclamation Aimed to Slow the Spread of COVID-19 in Louisiana," March 13, 2020
- ↑ On Sept. 2, 2021 the ban was temporarily suspended by court action. An appeals court upheld the ban on Sept. 10.
- ↑ Gov. J.B. Pritzker (D) ended the statewide school mask requirement on Feb. 28, 2022.
- ↑ On Sept. 13, 2021 the ban was temporarily suspended by court action for all schools. On Jan. 25, 2022, the ban was partially reinstated.
- ↑ Oct. 26, 2021 - School districts could be exempt from the school mask requirement if they followed CDC quarantine guidance
- ↑ Dec. 7, 2021 - School districts could be exempt from the school mask requirement if they met one of the three following criteria: 1) the county vaccination rate was 80% or higher, 2) 80% of school staff and students were vaccinated, or 3) COVID-19 transmission in the county was considered moderate or low for 14 straight days.
- ↑ Oct. 1 - Schools could become exempt from the school mask requirement when at least 80% of students were vaccinated
- ↑ On Nov. 10, 2021 the ban was suspended by court action. An appeals court upheld the ban on Dec. 1.