Appendix:Asturian Swadesh list

This is a Swadesh list of words in Asturian, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

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For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

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EnglishAsturian
asturianu
edit (207)
1I (1sg)yo
2you (2sg)tu
3he, she, it (3sg)él, ella, ello
4we (1pl)nosotros, nosotres
5you (2pl)vosotros, vosotres
6they (3pl)ellos, elles
7thisesti
8thatese, aquel
9hereequí
10thereende, ellí
11whoquién
12whatqué
13whereónde
14whencuándo
15howcómo
16notnon, nun
17alltou
18manyenforma, munchu
19somedalgún
20fewpocu
21otherotru
22oneunu
23twodos
24threetrés
25fourcuatro
26fivecinco
27biggrande
28longllargu, llongu
29wideanchu
30thickgruesu
31heavypesáu
32smallpequeñu
33shortcurtiu
34narrowestrechu, angostu
35thindelgáu
36womanmuyer
37man (adult male)varón
38man (human being)home
39childneñu, guaḥe
40wifeesposa
41husbandmaríu
42mothermadre
43fatherpadre
44animalanimal
45fishpez
46birdpáxaru
47dogperru
48lousepioyu
49snakeculiebra
50wormvierme
51treeárbol
52forestmonte
53stickpalu
54fruitfruta
55seedgrana
56leaffueya
57rootraigañu
58bark (of a tree)corteza
59flowerflor
60grassyerba
61ropecuerda
62skinpiel
63meatcarne
64bloodsangre
65bonegüesu
66fat (noun)grasa
67egggüevu
68horncuernu
69tailcola
70featherpluma
71hairpelo
72headcabeza
73earoreya
74eyegüeyu
75noseñariz, ñarra
76mouthboca
77toothdiente
78tongue (organ)llingua
79fingernailuña
80footpie
81legpierna
82kneerodía
83handmano
84wingnala
85bellybarriga, banduyu
86gutstripa
87neckpescuezu
88backllombu
89breastpechu
90heartcorazón
91liverfégadu
92to drinkbeber
93to eatcomer
94to bitemorder
95to suckzucar
96to spitcuspir
97to vomitdevolver
98to blowsoplar
99to breathealendar
100to laughrir
101to seever
102to hearoyer
103to knowsaber
104to thinkpensar
105to smellgoler
106to feartarrecer
107to sleepdormir
108to livevivir
109to diemorrer
110to killmatar
111to fightengarrar
112to huntcazar
113to hitcutir
114to cutcortar
115to splitpartir
116to stabapuñalar
117to scratchgatuñar
118to digcavar, escavar
119to swimnadar
120to flyvolar
121to walkcaminar
122to comevenir
123to lie (as in a bed)echase
124to sitsentase
125to standllevantase
126to turn (intransitive)xirar
127to fallcayer
128to givedar
129to holdtener
130to squeezeapertar
131to rubestregar
132to washllavar
133to wipellimpiar
134to pulltirar
135to pushemburiar
136to throwrefundiar
137to tiearreyar
138to sewcoser
139to countcuntar
140to saydicir
141to singcantar
142to playxugar
143to floatllexar
144to flowfluyir
145to freezexelar
146to swellencher
147sunsol
148moonlluna
149starestrella
150wateragua
151rainorbayu
152riverríu
153lakellagu
154seamar
155saltsal
156stonepiedra
157sandsable
158dustpolvu
159earthtierra
160cloudnube
161fogborrina
162skycielu
163windvientu
164snownieve
165icexelu
166smokefumu
167firefueu
168ashcenices
169to burnquemar
170roadcamín
171mountainmonte
172redcolloráu
173greenverde
174yellowmariellu
175whiteblancu
176blacknegru
177nightnueche
178daydía
179yearañu
180warmcaliente
181coldfríu
182fullllenu
183newnuevu
184oldvieyu
185goodbonu
186badmalu
187rottenpodre
188dirtypuerco
189straightreutu
190roundredondu
191sharp (as a knife)agudu, afiláu
192dull (as a knife)romu
193smoothllisu
194wetmoyáu
195drysecu
196correctcorreutu
197nearbarganal
198farllueñe
199rightderecha
200leftesquierda
201aten, a
202inen
203withcon
204andy
205ifsi
206becauseporque
207namenome