100 Concepts in Math
100 Concepts in Math
100 Concepts in Math
Sumogat
1. SEQUENCE – is a function whose domain is the set of positive integers, usually a set of
positive consecutive integers starting with 1.
6. GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE – Any sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by
multiplying the preceding term by a fixed number.
8. GEOMETRIC MEAN|S – is/are term/s inserted between two terms of a Geometric Sequence.
9. If one Geometric term is to be inserted between two terms, then it could be found by the
formula; GM = ඥ𝒂𝒃
11. If the sequence is finite, then the sum of the terms can be found by the formula;
𝒂𝒏 ሺ𝟏−𝒓 𝒏 ሻ
𝑺𝒏 = 𝟏−𝒓
12. If the sequence is infinite, then the sum of the terms can be found by the formula;
𝒂𝟏
𝒔∞ =
𝟏−𝒓
13. If 𝑎1, 𝑎2, 𝑎3 … 𝑎𝑛 are terms in an arithmetic sequence, then the sequence of reciprocal of
1 1 1 1
these terms, 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 … 𝑎𝑛 is called harmonic sequence
14. FIBONACCI SEQUENCE – In this sequence, the first two terms and each successive term is
the sum of the preceding two terms.
15. LEONARDO FIBONACCI – also known as Leonardo of Pisa or Leonardo Pisano, the most
talented mathematician in the middle ages who created the Fibonacci Sequence.
17. In order for an algebraic expression to be a polynomial, four conditions must be satisfied:
18. SYNTHETIC DIVISION – it is a short method of Dividing a Polynomial using only the
numerical Coefficient of the term.
19. The Fundamental Theory of Algebra states that “ A polynomial of the degree n has at most
n real zeros ” .
20. ZEROS OF POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS AND EQUATIONS – is the value of the variable x which
makes the polynomial function or equation equal to zero or f(x)=0.
27. INTERCEPTS – is a point on the graph of the function where it crosses either the x-axis or
the y-axis.
28. X-INTERCEPT- is a point on the graph of the function where it crosses the x-axis.
29. Y-INTERCEPT – is a point on the graph of the function where it crosses the y-axis.
31. QUADRATIC FUNCTION – is one of the form 𝑓 ሺ𝑥ሻ = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 where a,b,and c are
numbers with a not equal to zero.
33. RENE DESCARTES – a French mathematician, Cartesian plane is named after him.
34. CARTESIAN PLANE – is defined by two perpendicular number lines. It is a plane with a
rectangular coordinate system that associates each point in the plane with a pair of number.
35. QUADRANT – Any of the four regions into which a plane is divided by the axes of a
Cartesian plane.
37. CIRCLE - is a closed curve, all points of which are equidistant from a fixed point called
center.
38. RADIUS – it is a line segment on the circle whose endpoints are the center of the circle and
any point of the circle.
39. CHORD – it is a line segment on the circle whose endpoints are any two points on the circle.
40. DIAMETER – it is a chord that passes through the center of the circle. It is the longest chord.
44. CENTRAL ANGLE – an angle whose vertex is at the center of the circle and whose sides are
radii.
45. INSCRIBED ANGLE – an angle whose vertex is on the circle and whose sides are chord.
49. MAJOR ARC – an arc that measures more than 180° but less than 360°.
50. The measurement of the central angle is equal to the measure of its intercepted arc, that is
𝒎 < 𝑨𝑶𝑩 = 𝒎 𝑨𝑩.
51. The measurement of the inscribed angle is equal to the measure of one-half of its
𝟏
intercepted arc, that is 𝒎 < 𝑨𝑶𝑩 =
𝒎 𝑨𝑩.
𝟐
52. SECTOR – is a region bounded by an arc of the circle and two radii to the endpoints of the
arc.
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒓𝒄
53. Formula of the area of sector; 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 = ሺ 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒆ሻ
𝟑𝟔𝟎
54. SEGMENT – is a region bounded by an arc of the circle and the segment joining its
endpoints.
55. Formula of the area of segment; 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 − 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 ∆
𝟏
56. Formula of the area of triangle; 𝑨 = 𝒃𝒉
𝟐
57. CASE I – SECANTS INTERSECTING IN THE CIRCLE – the measure of the angle formed by two
intersecting secants in the circle is equal to the measure of its intercepted arc.
58. CASE II – SECANTS INTERSECTING INSIDE THE CIRCLE – the measure of the angle formed by
intersecting secants inside the circle is equal to one-half the sum of its intercepted arc.
59. CASE III – SECANTS INTERSECTING OUTSIDE THE CIRCLE – the measure of the angles formed
by two intersecting secants outside the circle is equal to one-half of the difference of its
intercepted arc.
60. PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM – states that the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of
the squares of the legs.
61. LEGS – it generally refers to a side other than the one opposite the right angle.
63. ANGLE – in plane geometry, an angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of
the angle, sharing common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle.
64. VERTEX – is a point where two or more curves, lines, or edges meet.
65. HYPOTENUSE – is the longest side of the right triangle, opposite the right angle.
66. DISTANCE FORMULA – is a useful tool for finding the distance between two points.
67. MIDPOINT FORMULA – is applied when one is required to find the exact center point
between two defined points.
68. EQUATION OF THE CIRCLE – this form of the equation is helpful, since you can easily find
the center and the radius.
70. PERFECT SQUARE BINOMIAL – is a trinomial that when factored gives you the square of the
binomial.
71. STANDARD EQUATION OF A CIRCLE – the standard equation of a circle at ሺℎ, 𝑘ሻ and the
radius ሺ𝑟ሻ units is ሺ 𝑥 − ℎሻ2 + ሺ 𝑦 − 𝑘ሻ2 = 𝑟 2 the value of h and k indicate that the circle is
translated h unit horizontally and k unit vertically from the origin if the center of the circle is at
the equation of the circle is at the reduce to 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2
76. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING – if one thing can occur in n ways, and a third
thing can occur in r ways and so on, then the sequence of n things can occur in 𝑚 × 𝑛 × 𝑟..ways
𝒏!
79. Permutation of n objects taken r at a time 𝒏𝑷𝒓 = ሺ𝒏−𝒓ሻ!
𝒏!
80. Permutation with repetition 𝒑 = 𝒂!𝒃!𝒄!
81. PERMUTATION WITH REPETITION – the number of permutation of n things where a things
are alike, b things are alike, and c things are alike and so forth is.
82. PERMUTATIONS (AROUND THE KEY RING AND THE LIKE) – the number of permutation of n
ሺ𝑛−1ሻ!
different objects around the key ring is 𝑃 = 2
83. CIRCULAR PERMUTATIONS (AROUND THE TABLE AND THE LIKE) – the number of
permutation of n objects around a table and the like is given by 𝑃 = ሺ𝑛 − 1ሻ
86. COMBINATIONS – is a collection of the objects where the order doesn’t matter.
𝒏!
87. The number of combinations of n things taken r at a time is 𝒏𝑪𝒓 = ሺ𝒏−𝒓ሻ!𝒓!
89. PROBABILITY OF SIMPLE EVENT – it is the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the
number of possible outcomes.
90. SIMPLE EVENT – are the events where one experiment happens at a time and it will having
a single outcome.
91. The probability of an event (E), denoted by P(E) is given by; 𝑷ሺ𝑬ሻ =
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒄𝒂𝒏 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓 𝒏ሺ𝑬ሻ 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒏ሺ𝑬ሻ
OR 𝑷ሺ𝑬ሻ = 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒏ሺ𝑺ሻ
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒏ሺ𝑺ሻ
93. SAMPLE SPACE – the set of all possible different outcomes of an experiment.
94. PROBABILITY OF COMPOUND EVENTS – involves finding the sum of the probabilities of
individual events and, if necessary, removing any overlapping probabilities.
97. SUBSCRIPT NOTATION - are commonly used to indicate indices, partial differentiation, and
a host of other operations and notations in mathematics.
98. FUNCTION NOTATION – is an efficient and effective way to display functions of all types in
mathematics.
99. DOMAIN – is the set of all possible x-values which will make the function work, and will
output real y-values.
100. RANGE – is the difference between the lowest and highest values.