Starlink

Table of contents
Introduction
The Company
Starlink Missions
The Satellite
The Rocket
The cost and the future
Critisism
Introduction
Starlink is a satellite constellation being constructed by American
company SpaceX to provide high speed satellite Internet access all over
the world,including the remote areas.The constellation will consist of
thousands of small satellites, working in combination with ground
transceiver.
There are 122 satellites deployed in 3 missions.
Current geostationary satellites have latencies of 600 ms or more.
Starlink satellites would orbit at 1⁄30 to 1⁄105 of the height of geostationary
orbits, and offer more practical Earth-to-sat latencies of around 25 to
35 ms, comparable to existing cable and fiber networks.
The company
SpaceX, is a private American aerospace manufacturer and
space transportation services company.
founded in 2002 by Elon Musk with the goal of reducing
space transportation costs to enable the colonization of
Mars.
SpaceX has developed the Falcon launch vehicle family and
the Dragon spacecraft family.
Achievements:
the first private company to successfully launch, orbit, and
recover a spacecraft (Dragon in 2010),
the first private company to send a spacecraft to the
International Space Station (Dragon in 2012)
the first propulsive landing for an orbital rocket (Falcon 9 in
2015),
the first reuse of an orbital rocket (Falcon 9 in 2017)
the first private company to launch an object into orbit
around the sun
Starlink Missions
1. Tintin(launch: 22 February 2018)
First two test satellites known as Tintin A and B(MicroSat-2a and 2b) were
deployed
2. Starlink 0(launch: 24 May 2019)
60 satellites deployed
used to test various aspects of the network, including deorbiting
they do not have the planned satellite interlink capabilities
"train" of bright lights
3.Starlink 1(launch:11 November 2019)
60 satellites deployed
The satellite
Flat-panel design with multiple
high-throughput antennas and a single
solar array
Mass: 227 kg
Hall-effect thrusters using krypton gas as the reaction mass, for position
adjustment on orbit, altitude maintenance and deorbit
Star tracker navigation system for precision pointing
Operational altitude of 550 km
Optical inter-satellite links and phased array beam-forming and digital processing
technologies in the Ku and Ka bands
100% of all components of the satellite will quickly burn in Earth's atmosphere at
the end of each satellite's lifecycle.
The Rocket
60 Starlink satellites
Falcon 9
The future and the cost
Plan to deploy 60 satellites per launch, at a rate of one launch every
two weeks
12,000 satellites will be deployed by the mid-2020s, with a possible
later extension to 42,000
The initial 12,000 satellites are planned to orbit in three orbital shells:
first placing approximately 1,600 in a 550-kilometer-altitude shell,
then approximately 2,800 Ku- and Ka-band spectrum satellites at
1,150 km and approximately 7,500 V-band satellites at 340 km.
Estimated total cost: $10 billion
SpaceX indicated that it would require 420 satellites
in the constellation to achieve minor broadband coverage
of Earth, and 780 of the first ~1600 to provide
moderate coverage.
The first 1,584 satellites will be into 24 orbital

planes of 66 satellites.
Expected at least nine launches in 2020.
Critisism
Astronomers claim that the number of visible satellites will outnumber
visible stars, and that their brightness in both optical and radio
wavelengths will severely impact scientific observations. The International
Astronomical Union and National Radio Astronomy Observatory have
released official statements expressing concern on the matter.
On 18 November 2019, a Chilean observatory's observations were
interrupted by SpaceX's satellite train consisting of 60 Starlink satellites.
Concerns have been raised about the long term danger of space junk
resulting from placing thousands of satellites in orbits above 1,000 km,
where orbital decay takes several thousand years.
Bibliography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink_(satellite_constellation)
https://spacenews.com/spacex-launches-second-batch-of-starlink-bro
adband-satellites
/
https://www.spacex.com/
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtI0Hodo5o5dUb67FeUjDeA
Thank you for your attention!

Starlink

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Starlink

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The first 1,584 satellites will be into 24 orbital

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